Endoscopy

Umxholo

• Kutheni ndifuna i-endoscopy?
• Ndiyilungiselela njani i-endoscopy?
• Zeziphi iintlobo ze-endoscopy?
• Zeziphi iindlela zamva nje kwitekhnoloji ye-endoscopy?
• I-Capsule endoscopy
• I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
• IChromoendoscopy
• I-endoscopic ultrasound (i-EUS)
• I-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)
• Ukucingwa kwebhendi emxinwa (NBI)
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko ye-endoscopy?
• Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwe-endoscopy?

Yintoni i-endoscopy?

I-endoscopy yinkqubo apho ugqirha wakho esebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa ukujonga nokusebenza kwizitho zangaphakathi kunye neempahla zomzimba wakho. Ivumela abagqirha ukuba babone iingxaki emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokwenza ukusikwa okukhulu.

Ugqirha ufaka i-endoscope ngokusika okuncinci okanye ukuvula emzimbeni njengomlomo. I-endoscope yityhubhu eguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo evumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa i-forceps kunye nezikere kwi-endoscope ukuze asebenze okanye asuse izicwili ze-biopsy.

Kutheni ndifuna i-endoscopy?

I-Endoscopy ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ajonge ngokungafaniyo ilungu ngaphandle kokwenza ukusikwa okukhulu. Isikrini kwigumbi lokusebenza senza ugqirha abone kanye le nto ibonwa yi-endoscope.

I-Endoscopy isetyenziselwa uku:

• nceda ugqirha wakho abone unobangela wazo naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga onazo
• susa isampulu encinci yethishu, enokuthi emva koko ithunyelwe elebhu ukuvavanywa ngakumbi; Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopic biopsy
• Nceda ugqirha wakho abone ngaphakathi komzimba ngexesha lotyando, njengokulungisa isilonda sesisu, okanye ukususa iinyongo okanye amathumba

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-endoscopy ukuba uneempawu zayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• izifo zesisu ezivuthayo (IBD), ezinjenge-ulcerative colitis (UC) kunye nesifo sikaCrohn
• isilonda esiswini
• ukuqhina okungapheliyo
• ukudumba komzimba
• ngamatye enyongo
• Ukopha okungachazwanga kwindawo yokugaya ukutya
• amathumba
• usulelo
• ukuvaleka komqala
• isifo se-reflux sesifo se-gastroesophageal (GERD)
• hernia yokuzalwa
• ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi
• igazi kumchamo wakho
• eminye imiba yokugaya ukutya

Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga iimpawu zakho, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, kwaye mhlawumbi u-odole uvavanyo lwegazi ngaphambi kwe-endoscopy. Olu vavanyo luya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqonde ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi malunga nonobangela weempawu zakho. Olu vavanyo lunokubanceda ukuba babone ukuba iingxaki zinokunyangwa ngaphandle kwe-endoscopy okanye uqhaqho.

Ndiyilungiselela njani i-endoscopy?

Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika imiyalelo epheleleyo malunga nendlela yokulungiselela. Uninzi lweentlobo ze-endoscopy zifuna ukuba uyeke ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-12 ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Ezinye iintlobo zolwelo olucacileyo, njengamanzi okanye ijusi, zinokuvunyelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezimbini ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Ugqirha wakho uyakukucacisela oku nawe.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika laxatives okanye enemas ukusebenzisa ubusuku ngaphambi kwenkqubo yokucoca inkqubo yakho. Oku kuqhelekile kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya iphecana lesisu (GI) kunye ne-anus.

Ngaphambi kwe-endoscopy, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uviwo lomzimba kwaye aqhubeke nembali yakho yonyango epheleleyo, kubandakanya naluphi na utyando lwangaphambili.

Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho nangayiphi na iyeza oyithathayo, kubandakanya iziyobisi ezingaphaya kwekhawuntareni kunye nezongezelelo zesondlo. Lumkisa ugqirha wakho nangantoni na ebangelwa kukungabikho komzimba. Kuya kufuneka uyeke ukuthatha amayeza athile ukuba anokuchaphazela ukopha, ngakumbi i-anticoagulant okanye i-antiplatelet drug.

Unokufuna ukucwangcisela omnye umntu ukuba akuqhubele ekhaya emva kwenkqubo kuba usenokuziva ungaziva kakuhle kwi-anesthesia.

Zeziphi iintlobo ze-endoscopy?

Ii-Endoscopy ziwela ngokwamacandelo, ngokusekwe kwindawo yomzimba abaphanda ngayo. I-American Cancer Society (ACS) idwelisa ezi ndidi zilandelayo zee-endoscopy:

Zeziphi iindlela zamva nje kwitekhnoloji ye-endoscopy?

Njengobuchwephesha obuninzi, i-endoscopy ihlala iqhubela phambili. Izizukulwana ezitsha zee-endoscopes zisebenzisa inkcazo ephezulu yokucinga ukwenza imifanekiso ngeenkcukacha ezintle. Iindlela ezinobuchule zokudibanisa kunye ne-endoscopy kunye netekhnoloji yokucinga okanye iinkqubo zotyando.

Nayi eminye imizekelo yetekhnoloji ye-endoscopy yamva nje.

I-Capsule endoscopy

Inkqubo yohlaziyo eyaziwa njenge-capsule endoscopy inokusetyenziswa xa ezinye iimvavanyo zingagqitywanga. Ngexesha le-capsule endoscopy, uyaginya ipilisi encinci enekhamera encinci ngaphakathi. I-capsule idlula kwi-digestive tract yakho, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kuwe, kwaye idala amawaka emifanekiso yamathumbu njengoko ihamba.

I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

I-ERCP idibanisa i-X-ray kunye ne-endoscopy ephezulu ye-GI ukufumanisa okanye ukunyanga iingxaki nge-bile kunye ne-pancreatic ducts.

IChromoendoscopy

I-Chromoendoscopy sisixhobo esisebenzisa ibala elikhethekileyo okanye idayi kulusu lwamathumbu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-endoscopy. Idayi inceda ugqirha ukuba abone ngcono ukuba kukho nantoni na engaqhelekanga kumgca wamathumbu.

I-endoscopic ultrasound (i-EUS)

I-EUS isebenzisa i-ultrasound ngokudibeneyo ne-endoscopy. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babone amalungu kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo olungasoloko lubonakala ngexesha le-endoscopy yesiqhelo. Inaliti ebhityileyo inokufakwa kwilungu okanye kulwakhiwo ukuze kufunyanwe izicwili ezithile ukuze zijongwe ngemicroscope. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumnqweno wenaliti olungileyo.

I-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)

I-EMR yindlela esetyenziselwa ukunceda oogqirha basuse izicubu zomhlaza kwindawo yokugaya ukutya. Kwi-EMR, inaliti idluliswa nge-endoscope ukujoba ulwelo ngaphantsi kwethishu engaqhelekanga. Oku kunceda ukwahlula izicubu zomhlaza kwezinye iindawo ukuze zisuswe ngokulula.

Ukucingwa kwebhendi emxinwa (NBI)

I-NBI isebenzisa isihluzi esikhethekileyo ukunceda ukwenza umahluko ngakumbi phakathi kweenqanawa kunye ne-mucosa. I-mucosa yindawo yangaphakathi yokugaya ukutya.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko ye-endoscopy?

I-Endoscopy inomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokopha kunye nosulelo kunotyando oluvulekileyo. Okwangoku, i-endoscopy yinkqubo yonyango, ke ngoko inomngcipheko wokopha, usulelo kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinqabileyo ezinje:

• iintlungu zesifuba
• umonakalo kumalungu akho, kubandakanya nokubakho kokugqobhoza
• ifiva
• iintlungu ezingapheliyo kwindawo ye-endoscopy
• ububomvu kunye nokudumba kwindawo yokusika

Umngcipheko kuhlobo ngalunye luxhomekeke kwindawo yenkqubo kunye nemeko yakho.

Umzekelo, izitulo ezinombala omnyama, ukugabha, kunye nobunzima bokuginya emva kwekolonoscopy kunokubonisa ukuba kukho into engalunganga. I-hysteroscopy ithatha umngcipheko omncinci wokuqhekeka kwesibeleko, ukopha kwesibeleko, okanye umothuko wesibeleko. Ukuba unayo i-capsule endoscopy, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba icapsule inokubambeka ndaweni ithile kwindawo yokugaya. Umngcipheko uphezulu kubantu abanemeko ebangela ukuhla kwendlela yokugaya, njengethumba. I-capsule inokufuna ukuba isuswe ngotyando.

Buza oogqirha bakho malunga neempawu ukuba ujonge ukulandela i-endoscopy yakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwe-endoscopy?

Uninzi lwee-endoscopy ziinkqubo zonyango lwangaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungagoduka kwangolo suku.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuwavala amanxeba okusikwa ngemithungo aze awabophe ngokufanelekileyo emva kwenkqubo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika imiyalelo yendlela yokunyamekela eli nxeba ngokwakho.

Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ulinde enye ukuya kweyure ezimbini esibhedlele ukuze iziphumo ziphele. Umhlobo okanye ilungu losapho liya kukuqhuba ligoduke. Nje ukuba usekhaya, kuya kufuneka ucwangcise ukuchitha intsalela yosuku lokuphumla.

Ezinye iinkqubo zinokushiya ungonwabanga. Ingadinga ixesha lokuba uzive ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungaya malunga neshishini lakho lemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, ukulandela i-endoscopy ephezulu ye-GI, unokuba nomqala obuhlungu kwaye kufuneka utye ukutya okuthambileyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Unokuba negazi kumchamo wakho emva kwe-cystoscopy yokuvavanya isinyi sakho. Oku kufuneka kudlule kwiiyure ezingama-24, kodwa kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho ukuba uyaqhubeka.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukukhula komhlaza, baya kwenza i-biopsy ngexesha le-endoscopy yakho. Iziphumo ziya kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo emva kokuba bezibuyile elebhu.