I-Enterovirus: iimpawu, unyango kunye nendlela isifo esenziwa ngayo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nezifo ezibangelwa yi-enterovirus
• Umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-enterovirus xa ukhulelwe
• Unyango njani
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

I-Enteroviruses ihambelana nohlobo lweentsholongwane ezineendlela eziphambili zokuphindaphinda sisisu sesisu, esibangela iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukugabha kunye nomqala obuhlungu. Izifo ezibangelwa zii-enteroviruses zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwaye zixhaphake ebantwaneni, njengoko abantu abadala benamajoni omzimba aphucukileyo, bephendula ngcono kusulelo.

I-enterovirus ephambili yipoliyo, eyintsholongwane ebangela ipoliyo, ethi yona ifike kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo, inokubangela ukukhubazeka kwamalungu kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemoto. Ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokungenisa ukutya kunye / okanye amanzi angcoliswe yintsholongwane okanye ukunxibelelana nabantu okanye izinto ezingcolisekileyo. Ke, eyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo kukuphucula imikhwa yococeko, ukongeza kugonyo, kwimeko yepoliyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nezifo ezibangelwa yi-enterovirus

Ubukho kunye / okanye ukungabikho kweempawu ezinxulumene nosulelo lwe-enterovirus kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane, ubuzaza bayo kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Kwiimeko ezininzi zosulelo, iimpawu azibonwa kwaye isifo sisombulula ngokwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yabantwana, ikakhulu, njengoko amajoni omzimba engakhuli kakuhle, kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu ezinjengentloko, umkhuhlane, ukugabha, umqala obuhlungu, izilonda zolusu kunye nezilonda ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane, ukongeza kumngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki.

I-Enteroviruses inokufikelela kumalungu aliqela, iimpawu kunye nobungqongqo besifo ngokuxhomekeke kwilungu elichaphazelekayo. Ke, ezona zifo ziphambili zibangelwa zii-enteroviruses zezi:

1. Ipoliyo: Ipoliyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukukhubazeka kosana, kubangelwa yipoliyo, uhlobo lwe-enterovirus ekwaziyo ukufikelela kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo kwaye ibangele ukukhubazeka kwamalungu, ukungalungelelani kweemoto, iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye ne-atrophy yemisipha;
2. Isifo seenyawo zomlomo: Esi sifo siyosulela kakhulu kwaye sibangelwa luhlobo lwe-enterovirus Coxsackieebangela, ukongeza kubushushu, urhudo kunye nokugabha, ukubonakala kwamadyungudyungu ezandleni nasezinyaweni nasemilondweni yomlomo;
3. Herpangina: I-Herpangina inokubangelwa luhlobo lwe-enterovirus Coxsackie nangentsholongwane I-Herpes simplex kwaye ubonakaliswa bubukho bezilonda ngaphakathi nangaphandle komlomo, ukongeza kumqala obomvu kunye nokucaphuka;
4. I-meningitis yentsholongwane: Olu hlobo lwe-meningitis lwenzeka xa i-enterovirus ifikelela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye ibangela ukudumba kweemeninjin, ezizimbumba ezibeka ingqondo kunye nomqolo, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, intamo elukhuni kunye novakalelo olukhulu ekukhanyeni;
5. I-Encephalitis: Kwi-encephalitis yentsholongwane, i-enterovirus ibangela ukudumba kwingqondo, kwaye kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela iingxaki ezinokubakho, ezinje ngokukhubazeka kwezihlunu, utshintsho olubonakalayo kunye nobunzima bokuthetha okanye bokuva;
6. I-conjunctivitis eyophayo: Kwimeko ye-conjunctivitis yentsholongwane, i-enterovirus inxibelelana ngqo nomtya weliso, ibangela ukudumba kwamehlo kunye nokopha okuncinci, okwenza iliso libe bomvu.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-enterovirus kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa okanye ngokunxibelelana nezinto ezingcolisekileyo, kunye nendlela yelizwi yomlomo yeyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo. Ungcoliseko lwenzeka xa i-enterovirus iginyiwe, indawo yokucola ukutya yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuphindaphinda le ntsholongwane, yiyo loo nto igama elithi enterovirus.

Ukongeza kwintsholongwane ngomlomo, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngamachaphaza asasazeke emoyeni, njengoko i-enterovirus inokubangela nezilonda emqaleni, nangona kunjalo le ndlela yokuhambisa ayixhaphakanga.

Umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-enterovirus xa ukhulelwe

Usulelo nge-enterovirus ngexesha lokukhulelwa lubonisa umngcipheko wosana xa usulelo lungakhange luchongwe kwaye unyango luqaliswa kusana emva nje kokuzalwa. Kungenxa yokuba usana lunokudibana nale ntsholongwane kwangexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye, emva kokuzalwa, ngenxa yophuhliso oluncinci lwamajoni omzimba, ukukhula kweempawu kunye neempawu zesifo sepsis, apho intsholongwane ifikelela egazini kwaye isasazeka ngokulula. imizimba.

Ke, i-enterovirus inokufikelela kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, isibindi, i-pancreas kunye nentliziyo kwaye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kunokubangela ukusilela okuninzi kwamalungu omntwana, kukhokelela ekufeni. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba usulelo nge-enterovirus luchongwe ekukhulelweni ngenjongo yokuqalisa unyango kusana kunye nokukhusela iingxaki kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa.

Unyango njani

Unyango losulelo lwe-enterovirus lujolise, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunciphisa iimpawu, kuba akukho lunyango oluthile kusulelo oluninzi olubangelwa lolu hlobo lwentsholongwane. Ngokwesiqhelo iimpawu zosulelo ziyanyamalala zodwa emva kwethutyana, kodwa xa i-enterovirus ifikelela kwigazi okanye kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, inokubulala, ifuna unyango ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha.

Kwimeko yokubandakanyeka kwenkqubo ye-nervous system, ukulawulwa kwe-immunoglobulin emthanjeni kunokucetyiswa ngugqirha, ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukulwa nosulelo ngokulula. Amanye amachiza okuthintela usulelo nge-enterovirus akwinqanaba lokuvavanya, awakalawulwa kwaye akhutshelwe ukusetyenziswa.

Okwangoku, kukho isitofu sokugonya kuphela i-enterovirus esinoxanduva sepoliyo, ipoliyo, kwaye isitofu sokugonya kufuneka senziwe ngeedosi ezi-5, eyokuqala ikwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala. Kwimeko yezinye iintlobo ze-enteroviruses, kubalulekile ukwamkela amanyathelo ezempilo kunye nokufikelela kwezona meko zococeko ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwamanzi asetyenziselwa ukuselwa okanye ezinye iinjongo, kuba eyona ndlela yokuhambisa ezi ntsholongwane ilungile- ngomlomo. Jonga nini ukufumana isitofu sokugonya ipoliyo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kosulelo nge-enterovirus kwenziwa ngokubonakaliswa kweklinikhi okuchazwe ngumguli, kufuna iimvavanyo zaselebhu ukuqinisekisa usulelo. Ukuxilongwa kosulelo elebhu yi-enterovirus kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iimviwo zeemolekyuli, ngakumbi i-Polymerase Chain Reaction, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-PCR, apho kuchongwa uhlobo lwentsholongwane kunye nokuxinana kwalo emzimbeni.

Intsholongwane inokuchongwa ngokwahlula le ntsholongwane kwimidiya ethile yenkcubeko ukuze iimpawu zokuphindaphindeka ziqinisekiswe. Le ntsholongwane inokuhlukaniswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayiloji, ezinjengelindle, ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ukuphuma komqala kunye negazi kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezichazwe ngumntu. Kwilindle, i-enterovirus inokufunyanwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-6 emva kokosuleleka kwaye inokufunyanwa emqaleni phakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7 ukuqala kosulelo.

Uvavanyo lweSerological lunokucelwa ukuba luqwalasele impendulo yomzimba kumajoni osulelo, nangona kunjalo olu hlobo lovavanyo alusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuchongeni usulelo lwe-enterovirus.