Uvavanyo lwe-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Umxholo

• Luthini uvavanyo lwe-Epstein-Barr virus?
• Uya kugqiba nini uvavanyo?
• Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo?
• Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lwe-EBV?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo eziqhelekileyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga?
• Iphathwa njani i-EBV?

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Luthini uvavanyo lwe-Epstein-Barr virus?

Intsholongwane kaEpstein-Barr (EBV) lilungu losapho lwentsholongwane ye-herpes. Yenye yeentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ukosulela abantu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngokuka, uninzi lwabantu luya kuba nekhontrakthi ye-EBV ngaxa lithile ebomini babo.

Intsholongwane ayibangeli zimpawu ebantwaneni.Kubantu abakwishumi elivisayo nakubantu abadala, ibangela isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-infectious mononucleosis, okanye i-mono, malunga neepesenti ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-50 zamatyala.

Eyaziwa nangokuthi "isifo sokumanga," i-EBV ihlala isasazeka ngamathe. Kunqabile ukuba isifo sinwenwe ngegazi okanye ngolunye ulwelo lomzimba.

Uvavanyo lwe-EBV lukwaziwa njengee-antibodies ze-EBV. Uvavanyo lwegazi olusetyenziselwa ukuchonga usulelo lwe-EBV. Uvavanyo lufumanisa ubukho be-antibodies.

Ii-antibodies ziiprotein ezikhutshwa ngumzimba wakho ekuphenduleni into eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yiantigen. Ngokukodwa, uvavanyo lwe-EBV lusetyenziselwa ukufumana ii-antibodies kwii-antigen ze-EBV. Uvavanyo lunokufumana usulelo lwangoku kunye nolwangaphambili.

Uya kugqiba nini uvavanyo?

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba ubonakalisa nayiphi na imiqondiso kunye neempawu zemono. Iimpawu zihlala iiveki enye ukuya kwezine, kodwa zinokuhlala ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine kwezinye iimeko. Ziquka:

• ifiva
• umqala obuhkungu
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudinwa
• Intamo elukhuni
• ukwandiswa kwepeni

Ugqirha wakho unokuthathela ingqalelo iminyaka yakho kunye nezinye izinto xa usenza isigqibo sokuba ungayalela uvavanyo okanye hayi. I-Mono ixhaphake kakhulu kulutsha nakubantu abadala abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka ye-15 kunye ne-24.

Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo?

Uvavanyo lwe-EBV luvavanyo lwegazi. Ngexesha lovavanyo, igazi litsalwa kwi-ofisi kagqirha wakho okanye kwilebhu yezigulana ezingalaliswayo (okanye kwilebhu yasesibhedlele). Igazi litsalwa emthanjeni, ihlala ingaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho. Inkqubo ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Indawo yokuhlanjwa icocwa nge-antiseptic.
2. Ibhanti e-elastic isongelwe ngengalo yakho ephezulu ukwenza umthambo wakho udumbe ligazi.
3. Inaliti ifakwe ngobunono emthanjeni wakho ukuqokelela igazi kwibhotile okanye ityhubhu eqhotyoshelweyo.
4. Ibhanti e-elastic isuswe engalweni yakho.
5. Isampulu yegazi ithunyelwa kwilebhu yohlalutyo.

Zincinci kakhulu (okanye zero) izilwa-buhlungu ezinokufunyanwa kwangoko kwesi sifo. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwegazi lusenokufuna ukuphindwa kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14.

Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lwe-EBV?

Njengalo naluphi na uvavanyo lwegazi, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokopha, ukugruzuka, okanye usulelo kwindawo yokubhoboza. Unokuziva iintlungu eziphakathi okanye inxeba elibukhali xa inaliti ifakiwe. Abanye abantu baziva bekhaphukhaphu okanye betyhafile emva kokutsalwa kwegazi labo.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo eziqhelekileyo?

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ukuba akukho zintsholongwane ze-EBV zazikho kwisampulu yegazi lakho. Oku kubonisa ukuba awuzange wosulelwe yi-EBV kwaye awunayo i-mono. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuyifumana nanini na kwixesha elizayo.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga?

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zithetha ukuba uvavanyo lufumene ii-antibodies ze-EBV. Oku kubonisa ukuba okwangoku usulelwe yi-EBV okanye wosulelwe yintsholongwane ngaphambili. Ugqirha wakho unokuchaza umahluko phakathi kwexesha elidlulileyo kunye nosulelo lwangoku ngokusekwe kubukho okanye ukungabikho kwee-antibodies ezilwa neantigen ezithile.

Ezi zintsholongwane zintathu kuvavanyo lukhangela ziintsholongwane zentsholongwane ye-antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM, kunye ne-Epstein-Barr yenyukliya antigen (EBNA). Umgangatho we-antibody ofunyenwe egazini, obizwa ngokuba yi-titer, awunampembelelo ekubeni unexesha elingakanani unesifo okanye ukuba siqatha kangakanani isifo.

• Ubukho bee-antibodies ze-VCA IgG bubonisa ukuba usulelo lwe-EBV lwenzekile ngexesha elithile kutshanje okanye kwixa elidlulileyo.
• Ubukho bee-antibodies ze-VCA IgM kunye nokungabikho kwee-antibodies kwi-EBNA kuthetha ukuba usulelo lwenzekile kutshanje.
• Ubukho be-antibodies kwi-EBNA kuthetha ukuba usulelo lwenzekile ngaphambili. Iintsholongwane ze-EBNA zikhula kwiiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo emva kwexesha losulelo kwaye zikhona ebomini.

Njengalo naluphi na uvavanyo, iziphumo ezibubuxoki kunye nezobuxoki ziyenzeka. Isiphumo sokuvavanywa kwe-positive sibonisa ukuba unesifo xa ungenayo. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezingezizo zobuxoki zibonisa ukuba awunasifo xa unjalo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nayiphi na inkqubo yokulandelela okanye amanyathelo anokukunceda uqiniseke ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo zichanekile.

Iphathwa njani i-EBV?

Akukho lunyango lwaziwayo, amachiza antiviral, okanye izitofu ezifumanekayo zemono. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho:

• Hlala uhlanjululwe kwaye uphuze amanzi amaninzi.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo kwaye uphephe imidlalo enzulu.
• Thatha okuphelisa iintlungu, njenge-ibuprofen (Advil) okanye i-acetaminophen (iTylenol).

Intsholongwane inokuba nzima ukunyanga, kodwa iimpawu zihlala zisonjululwa zodwa kwinyanga enye okanye ezimbini.

Emva kokuba uphinde wachacha, i-EBV iya kuhlala ilele kwiiseli zakho zegazi ubomi bakho bonke.

Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya kuhamba, kodwa intsholongwane iya kuhlala emzimbeni wakho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuphinda isebenze ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu. Kuyakwazi ukusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye ngokudibana ngomlomo nomlomo ngeli xesha.