Yintoni i-scotoma kwaye ibangelwa yintoni

Umxholo

• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Iindidi zescotoma
• Zithini iimpawu?
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Iscotoma sibonakaliswa yilahleko iyonke okanye inxenye yelahleko yombono wommandla wentsimi ebonakalayo, edla ngokungqongwa yindawo apho umbono ugcinwa khona.

Bonke abantu bane-scotoma kwicandelo labo lombono, elibizwa njengendawo engaboniyo kwaye engaziwa ngumntu ngokwakhe, kwaye ayithathwa njengesiqhelo.

Isifo se-pathological scotoma sinokubandakanya nayiphi na indawo yentsimi ebonakalayo kwaye sinokuba neemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kunokubangela ukulahleka kombono omninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ii-scotomes zibekwe kwimimandla esecaleni, zisenokungabonakali.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Oonobangela abanokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-scotoma banokuba zizilonda kwi-retina kunye ne-optic nerve, izifo ze-metabolic, ukusilela kwesondlo, i-multiple sclerosis, i-glaucoma, utshintsho kwi-nerve ye-optic, utshintsho kwi-cortex ebonakalayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubonakala kwescotomas ekukhulelweni kunokuba luphawu lwe-pre-eclampsia. Fumanisa ukuba yintoni i-preeclampsia kwaye uyichonga njani.

Iindidi zescotoma

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zescotoma, uninzi lwazo olusisigxina. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo olunxulunyaniswa ne-migraine yexeshana kwaye luhlala kuphela iyure kwaye ihlala iyinxalenye ye-aura yentloko.

Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zescotoma zezi:

• Ukunyibilika kwescotoma, eyenzeka ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-migraine, kodwa enokuthi yenzeke iyodwa. Le scotoma ibonakala njengokukhanya okubengezelayo okumile okwi-arc ehlasela indawo ebonakalayo esembindini;
• Central scotoma, ethathelwa ingqalelo lolona hlobo lunengxaki kwaye ibonakaliswa yindawo emnyama embindini wentsimi yokujonga. Indawo ebonakalayo eseleyo ihlala ihleli, ibangela ukuba umntu agxile ngakumbi kumda wokwenza izinto, okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ibenzima kakhulu;
• Umda wescotoma, apho kukho isiziba esimnyama ecaleni kwemida yentsimi yombono, ethi nangona inokuphazamisa kancinane kumbono oqhelekileyo, akukho nzima kangako ukujongana ne-scotoma esembindini;
• IHemianopic scotoma, apho isiqingatha sentsimi ebonakalayo ichaphazeleka yindawo emnyama, enokuthi yenzeke kumacala omabini eziko kwaye inokuchaphazela elinye okanye omabini amehlo;
• Iparacentral scotoma, apho indawo emnyama ibekwe kufutshane, kodwa hayi kwindawo ebonakalayo esembindini;
• Amazwe amabini eScotoma, olu luhlobo lwescotoma olubonakala emehlweni omabini kwaye lubangelwa luhlobo oluthile lwethumba okanye ukukhula kwengqondo, kunqabile kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu?

Ngokubanzi, abantu abane-scotoma, banendawo embonweni wabo, enokuba mnyama, ukukhanya kakhulu, kunamafu okanye kukhazimle. Ukongeza, abanye babo banokufumana ubunzima embonweni, ubunzima lokwahlula eminye imibala okanye nokuba kufuneka babe nokukhanya ngakumbi, ukuze babone ngokucacileyo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-scotoma luxhomekeke kwingcambu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wamehlo enze uxilongo ukuze akwazi ukunyanga isifo esibangela le ngxaki.