Schizophrenia: yintoni na, iintlobo eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Zithini iindidi
• 1. IParanoid schizophrenia
• 2. ICatonic Schizophrenia
• 3. IsiHebhere okanye iSchizophrenia engacwangciswanga
• 4. Ischizophrenia engafaniyo
• 5. Intsalela yeschizophrenia
• Yintoni ebangela i-schizophrenia
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• I-schizophrenia yobuntwana

ISchizophrenia sisifo sengqondo esibonakaliswa kukutshintsha kokusebenza kwengqondo okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwindlela ocinga ngayo nakwiimvakalelo, utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo, ukongeza ekuphulukaneni nengqondo yokwenyani kunye nesigwebo esibalulekileyo.

Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-35 ubudala, i-schizophrenia inokuvela nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kwaye ihlala izibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeparanoid, catatonic, hebephrenic okanye ngokungafaniyo, umzekelo, ababonisa iimpawu ezisuka kwimibono, iingcinga, ukungabi nabantu isimilo, ukulahleka kwenkuthazo okanye utshintsho kwimemori.

I-Schizophrenia ichaphazela malunga ne-1% yabemi, kwaye nangona ingenalo unyango, inokulawulwa kakuhle ngamayeza antipsychotic, anje ngeRisperidone, Quetiapine okanye iClozapine, umzekelo, ekhokelwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ukongeza kwezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje ngengqondo kunye nonyango lomsebenzi, njengendlela yokunceda isiguli ukuba sihlaziye kwaye siphinde singene kwakhona kusapho nakuluntu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezikhoyo kumntu one-schizophrenia, ezinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumntu ngamnye kunye nohlobo lwe-schizophrenia oluphuhlisiweyo, kwaye zibandakanya iimpawu ezibizwa ngokuba zi-positive (eziqala ukwenzeka), ezimbi (ebeziqhelekile, kodwa ziyeke ukwenzeka)) okanye ukuqonda (ubunzima ekuqhubeni ulwazi).

Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ulahlekiso, ezivela xa umntu ekholelwa ngamandla kwinto engeyiyo eyokwenyani, enjengokutshutshiswa, ukungcatshwa okanye amandla amakhulu, umzekelo. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni i-delirium, iintlobo kunye noonobangela;
• Ukuba nemibono, ziimbono ezicacileyo nezicacileyo zezinto ezingekhoyo, ezinje ngokuva amazwi okanye ukubona imibono;
• Ukucinga okungalungelelananga, apho umntu athetha izinto ezingasasebenziyo nezingenantsingiselo;
• Ukungaqheleki kwindlela yokuhamba, kunye neentshukumo ezingalungelelananga nokungazibandakanyi, ukongeza kwi-catatonism, ephawulwa kukungahambi nentshukumo, ubukho beentshukumo eziphindaphindwayo, ukujonga, ukuqaqamba, intetho yokuthetha okanye ukuba sisimumu, umzekelo;
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, kunokubakho ukuqhambuka kwengqondo, ubundlongondlongo, ukuphazamiseka kunye nomngcipheko wokuzibulala;
• Iimpawu ezingalunganga, njengokuphulukana nentando okanye inyathelo lokuqala, ukungabikho kwentetho yeemvakalelo, ukuhlala wedwa ekuhlaleni, ukungazinonopheli;
• Ukungabikho kwengqwalaselo kunye noxinzelelo;
• Utshintsho kwimemori kunye nobunzima bokufunda.

I-Schizophrenia inokuvela ngesiquphe, ngeentsuku, okanye ngokuthe ngcembe, ngotshintsho olubonakala ngokuthe chu kwiinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu zokuqala ziyaqatshelwa ngamalungu osapho okanye izihlobo ezisondeleyo, eziqaphela ukuba umntu ukrokrela ngakumbi, udidekile, akahlelekanga okanye ukude.

Ukuqinisekisa i-schizophrenia, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo uya kuvavanya iseti yeempawu kunye neempawu ezithiwe thaca ngumntu kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ayalele iimvavanyo ezinje ngecomputer tomography okanye ngemagneti yokujonga umfanekiso wokakayi ukukhupha ezinye izifo ezinokubangela iimpawu zengqondo, ezinje ngengqondo ithumba okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, umzekelo.

Zithini iindidi

Ngokuqhelekileyo i-schizophrenia inokuhlelwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, ngokweempawu eziphambili umntu anazo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwe-DSM V, ebeka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuninzi, ubukho bezinto ezingaphantsi azisathathelwa ngqalelo, kuba ngokwezifundo ezininzi akukho mahluko kwindaleko nakunyango lwesiqwengana ngasinye.

Ukwahlulahlulwa kweklasikhi kubandakanya ubukho bezi ntlobo:

1. IParanoid schizophrenia

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, apho ubukhulu becala ubuqili kunye nemibono, ikakhulu amazwi okuva, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, njengokuphazamiseka, ukungazinzi, kuqhelekile. Funda ngakumbi malunga neparanoid schizophrenia.

2. ICatonic Schizophrenia

Lubonakala ngobukho be-catatonism, apho umntu engaphenduli ngokuchanekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngokuhamba kancinci okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba, apho umntu anokuhlala kwindawo enye kangangeeyure ukuya kwiintsuku, ukucotha okanye ukungathethi, Ukuphindwaphindwa kwamagama okanye amabinzana athi umntu asandula ukutsho, kunye nokuphindwaphindwa kwentshukumo engaqhelekanga, ukwenza ubuso okanye ukujonga.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-schizophrenia, kwaye kunzima ukunyanga, kunye nomngcipheko weengxaki ezifana nokungondleki okanye ukuzilimaza, umzekelo.

3. IsiHebhere okanye iSchizophrenia engacwangciswanga

Ukucinga okungalungelelaniswanga kubalasele, kunengxelo ezingenantsingiselo nangaphandle komxholo, ukongeza kubukho beempawu ezingathandekiyo, ezinje ngokungabi namdla, ukuhlala wedwa ekuhlaleni kunye nokuphulukana nokubanako ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

4. Ischizophrenia engafaniyo

Kuvela xa kukho iimpawu zeschizophrenia, nangona kunjalo, umntu akazifanelanga ezi ntlobo zichaziweyo.

5. Intsalela yeschizophrenia

Yindlela engapheliyo yesi sifo. Kwenzeka xa iikhrayitheriya zeschizophrenia zenzeka kwixa elidlulileyo, kodwa azisebenzi okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, zisekhona iimpawu ezingathandekiyo njengokucothisa, ukuhlala wedwa ekuhlaleni, ukungabikho kwenyathelo okanye uthando, ukuncipha kobuso okanye ukungakhathaleli, umzekelo .

Yintoni ebangela i-schizophrenia

Oyena nobangela wezinto ezibangela i-schizophrenia awukaziwa, nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba ukukhula kwawo kuchaphazeleka kokubini yimfuza, kuba kukho umngcipheko omkhulu kusapho olunye, nakwimeko yokusingqongileyo, enokuthi ibandakanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. njenge-marijuana, usulelo lwentsholongwane, abazali xa sele bekhulile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukungondleki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iingxaki zokubeleka, iingxaki zengqondo ezimbi okanye amava okuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-schizophrenia lukhokelwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, kunye namayeza e-antipsychotic, afana neRisperidone, iQuetiapine, i-Olanzapine okanye iClozapine, umzekelo, enceda ukulawula ikakhulu iimpawu ezintle, ezifana nemibono, ubuqhetseba okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha.

Ezinye iziyobisi ezixhalabisayo, ezinje ngeDiazepam, okanye izinto zokuqinisa imeko, ezinje ngeCarbamazepine, zinokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu xa kukho ukuphazamiseka okanye unxunguphalo, ukongeza kwizidambisi zengqondo, ezinje ngeSertraline, zinokuboniswa kwimeko yoxinzelelo.

Ukongeza, unyango lwengqondo kunye nonyango lomsebenzi luyimfuneko, njengendlela yokwenza igalelo ekubuyiseleni kwimeko yesiqhelo nokubuyiselwa kwesigulana kubomi bentlalo. Ukuqhelaniswa nosapho kunye nokubeka iliso kumaqela enkxaso kwezentlalo nawoluntu nawo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuphucula ukusebenza konyango.

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana ibizwa ngokuba yi-schizophrenia kwangoko, njengoko ingaqhelekanga ebantwaneni. Inika iimpawu ezifanayo kunye neentlobo ezinje nge-schizophrenia kubantu abadala, nangona kunjalo, ihlala inesiqhelo ngokuthe ngcembe, ihlala inzima ukuyichaza xa iqala ukuvela.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga luxhaphake kakhulu, kunye nemibono engalungelelananga, ukukhohlisa, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nokunxibelelana okunzima ekuhlaleni. Unyango lwenziwa ngengqondo yengqondo yomntwana, kusetyenziswa amayeza, anje ngeHaloperidol, iRisperidone okanye iOlanzapine, umzekelo, kunye nonyango lwengqondo, unyango lomsebenzi kunye nokhokelo losapho nazo zibalulekile.