Iswekile: Iinyani, Izibalo, kunye nawe

Umxholo

• Iindidi zeswekile
• Isifo seswekile
• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• Isifo seswekile
• Ubuninzi kunye neziganeko
• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
• Iingxaki
• Iindleko zeswekile

Isifo seswekile ligama leqela leengxaki ezibangela amanqanaba eswekile yegazi (glucose) aphezulu emzimbeni. Iswekile ngumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla kwingqondo yakho, izihlunu, kunye nezicubu.

Xa usitya, umzimba wakho uphula ii-carbohydrate kwi-glucose. Oku kubangela ukuba i-pancreas ikhuphe i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin. I-insulini isebenza "njengesitshixo" esivumela iswekile ukuba ingene kwiiseli ezivela egazini. Ukuba umzimba wakho awuyivelisi ngokwaneleyo i-insulin yokulawula ngokufanelekileyo iswekile, ayikwazi ukusebenza okanye isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuvelisa iimpawu zesifo seswekile.

Isifo seswekile esingalawulwayo singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu ngokwenzakalisa imithambo yegazi kunye namalungu. Ingonyusa umngcipheko woku:

• isifo sentliziyo
• ukubetha
• isifo sezintso
• umonakalo wemithambo-luvo
• isifo samehlo

Isondlo kunye nokuzilolonga kunokunceda ukulawula isifo seswekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ulandele amanqanaba eglucose egazini. Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuthatha i-insulin okanye amanye amayeza.

Iindidi zeswekile

Nalu ulwahlulo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo seswekile:

• Isifo seswekile. Amanqanaba eglucose egazi aphezulu kunoko kuthathwa njengesiqhelo, kodwa hayi phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba anganaso isifo seswekile.
• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile. Ipancreas ayivelisi insulin.
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile. I-pancreas ayenzi ngokwaneleyo i-insulin okanye umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.
• Isifo seswekile. Oomama abalindeleyo abakwazi ukwenza kwaye basebenzise yonke i-insulin abayifunayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Isifo seswekile

Ngokwe-American Diabetes Association (ADA), abantu abaphuhlisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela phantse bahlala benesifo seswekile. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanqanaba eglucose egazi aphakanyisiwe, kodwa okwangoku awaphakamanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba angathathwa njengeswekile. Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo (CDC) aqikelela ukuba abantu abadala baseMelika banesifo seswekile, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-90 ziye zingafunyanwa.

Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile

Ngohlobo lwe-1 yeswekile, iipancreas azikwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin. Ngokwe-ADA, i-1.25 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika banesi sifo. Oku kumalunga neepesenti ezintlanu zazo zonke izigulo ezifunyanisiweyo. I-ADA iqikelela ukuba abantu abangama-40,000 bafumana uhlobo lokuchongwa kwesifo kunyaka ngamnye eUnited States.

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile lolona luqhelekileyo isifo seswekile. Ngale ngxaki, i-pancreas ingaqala ivelise i-insulin, kodwa iiseli zomzimba wakho azikwazi ukuyiphendula ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin. Amanqaku athi iipesenti ezingama-90 ukuya kuma-95 zamatyala afunyanisiweyo luhlobo lwesibini lweswekile.

Isifo seswekile

Olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile luyenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-CDC iqikelela phakathi kokukhulelwa eUnited States ichaphazeleka ngenxa yesifo seswekile qho ngonyaka. Ngokwe-National Institute of Diabetes kunye ne-Digestive kunye ne-Kidney Diseases (i-NIDDK), abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa baya kuba nethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwesifo seswekile kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi.

Ubuninzi kunye neziganeko

Ngokwengxelo, ngaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zabantu abadala e-United States baphila nesifo seswekile okanye i-prediabetes. Baqaphela ukuba kwi-2015, okanye kufutshane neepesenti ze-10 zabemi, babenesifo seswekile. Kule mali, i-ADA iqikelela ukuba i-7.2 yezigidi yayingazi ukuba inayo.

Ii-CDC's zibonisa ukuba isifo seswekile kubantu baseMelika abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphezulu siyanda, kwaye isifo esitsha senzeka malunga nonyaka. La manani ayelingana kumadoda nabasetyhini.

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko

Ngaphambili yaziwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile solutsha, uhlobo 1 lweswekile luhlala lufunyaniswa ebuntwaneni. Kuphela malunga neepesenti ezi-5 zabantu abanesifo seswekile abanoluhlobo loku-1, uqikelelo lwe-ADA.

Ngelixa izinto ezinje ngemfuza kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zinokuba negalelo kwesi sifo, oyena nobangela waso awaziwa. Akukho lunyango lwangoku okanye naluphi na uthintelo olwaziwayo, kodwa lukhona unyango olukuncedayo ukulawula iimpawu.

Umngcipheko wokukhula kohlobo lwesibini lweswekile uyanda njengoko usiya ukhula. Kukwanokwenzeka ukuba uyiphuhlise ukuba unesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa okanye i-prediabetes. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukuba nembali yosapho yeswekile.

Ngelixa ungekhe uwususe ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wohlobo lweswekile 2, ukutya okunempilo, ukulawula ubunzima, kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokukunceda ukuthintela.

Ubuhlanga obuthile busemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhulisa uhlobo lweswekile yesi-2, nayo. Ezi:

• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• AmaSpanishi / amaLatin-amaMelika
• AmaMerika Omthonyama
• IHawaiian / Pacific Islands amaMelika
• Abantu baseAsia-Amerika

Iingxaki

Ubumfama sisifo seswekile esiqhelekileyo. I-retinopathy yeswekile, ngakumbi, sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sobumfama phakathi kwabantu abanesifo seswekile. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokuphulukana nombono phakathi kwabantu abadala abakwiminyaka yokusebenza, ngokweZiko leLiso leLizwe.

Isifo seswekile sikwangunobangela ophambili wokusilela kwezintso. Ukonakala kwenkqubo, okanye i-neuropathy, kuchaphazela abantu abaninzi abanesifo seswekile.

Abantu abaninzi abanesifo seswekile abanengxaki yokuziva ezandleni nasezinyaweni, okanye sisifo seCarpal tunnel syndrome. Isifo seswekile sinokubangela iingxaki zokwetyisa kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. Iimeko zonyusa umngcipheko woxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha. Isifo seswekile sinokukhokelela ekubeni unqunyulwe umlenze ongezantsi.

Ngokwe-ADA, isifo seswekile sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa e-United States.

Iindleko zeswekile

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, jonga isikhokelo sethu sempilo yohlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.