I-femur ye-congenital emfutshane: yintoni, uyichonga njani kwaye uyiphatha njani

Umxholo

• Indlela yokuchonga
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ubufazi obufutshane obuzelwe ngumzimba luthambo olungalunganga olubonakaliswa kukuncipha kobukhulu okanye ukungabikho kwento eyolona thambo lwethanga kunye nelona thambo likhulu emzimbeni. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka njengesiphumo sokusebenzisa amayeza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye usulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane, nangona kunjalo oonobangela bolu ukungalungi abakaqondwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ubufazi obufutshane besibeleko bunokuchongwa nangexesha lokukhulelwa, ukusukela kwikota yesibini, ngovavanyo lwe-ultrasound, kwaye kunokubonisa izifo ezifana ne-Down syndrome, isifo esifutshane okanye i-achondroplasia, okanye ube mfutshane kwelo thambo. Ukusukela ngela xesha lokuchongwa kwesifazana esifutshane kwenziwa, ugqirha unokumisela unyango oluza kulandelwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Indlela yokuchonga

Ubufazi obufutshane obunokubeleka bunokuchongwa nangexesha lokukhulelwa kusetyenziswa i-ultrasound ngexesha lokhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka, apho umlinganiso wobukhulu be-femur wenziwa, ohluka ngokobudala bokuthwala.

Usana oluneeveki ezingama-24 ubudala lunomyinge we-42 mm, ngelixa ngeveki yama-36 ingama-69 mm kwaye kwiveki yokukhulelwa engama-40, iimilimitha ezingama-74. La manyathelo ayalinganiselwa kwaye ke, kwezinye iimeko, ukukhula komntwana kunokuba kulindelwe nokuba kubungakanani be-femur encinci kubudala bayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ubeka esweni ukukhula komntwana rhoqo.

Emva kokufumanisa ukuba i-femur incinci kunokuba kufanelekile, ugqirha kufuneka aqaphele ukuba loluphi uhlobo lotshintsho umntwana analo, olunokuthi:

• Uhlobo A: Inxalenye encinci ye-femur, phantsi kwentloko ye-femur iyasilela okanye ayikho;
• Uhlobo B: Intloko ye-femur incanyathiselwe kwinxalenye esezantsi yethambo;
• Uhlobo C: Intloko ye-femur kunye ne-acetabulum, eyindawo ye-hip, nayo iyachaphazeleka;
• Uhlobo D: Uninzi lwe-femur, i-acetabulum kunye nenxalenye ye-hip azikho.

Rhoqo kufunyanwa utshintsho oluncinci ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kodwa ukuphakama kwabazali kunye nosapho kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kuba ukuba abazali abade kakhulu, umntwana wakho akufuneki abekho kwaye oko akubonisi nayiphi na ingxaki yezempilo .

Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko utshintsho aluchongwanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuphela emva kokuzalwa ngoviwo olwenziwe ngugqirha wabantwana, kwaye ugqirha unokuchonga utshintsho kubude bebhinqa ngenxa yokungalunganga kwethambo eli kwithambo le-hip, elibonisa ukuzalwa idysplasia. Qonda ukuba yintoni i-hip dysplasia engokwemvelo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Oonobangela be-femur yokuzalwa okufutshane azikaqondwa kakuhle, nangona kunjalo kukholelwa ukuba inokuba inxulumene nosulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye / okanye ukubonakaliswa kwemitha ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-thalidomide, umzekelo, kunokuxhasa ukukhula kolu tshintsho, kuba eli chiza lihambelana nokungalunganga kosana olungekazalwa.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-femur yokuzalwa emfutshane ithatha ixesha elide, ijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi bosana kwaye kufuneka ikhokelwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana ngokohlobo lokunciphisa.

Ukongeza, unyango lubonakalisiwe ngokokuqikelela ubungakanani be-femur ebudaleni, kwaye lunokuboniswa kwimeko ezinobunzima, apho ukufinyelelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 cm, ukusetyenziswa kwezihlangu eziphakanyisiweyo kwindawo eyodwa okanye insoles ekhethekileyo yokuhlawulela umohluko kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinjenge-scoliosis, iintlungu zomqolo kunye nembuyekezo edibeneyo, umzekelo.

Olunye unyango olunokubakho kunyango lwe-femur emfutshane zezi:

• Ukunciphisa phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5 cm kubantu abadala: utyando lunokwenziwa ukusika ithambo lomlenze ophilileyo ukuze alingane ngokulinganayo, ukuba kwenziwe utyando lobufazi okanye i-tibial yolule kwaye ngelixa ulinde elona xesha lilungileyo lotyando, kungasetyenziswa imbuyekezo kuphela ngezihlangu ezifanelekileyo okanye umlenze wokufakelwa. ;
• Ukunciphisa ngaphezulu kwama-20 cm kubantu abadala: kusenokufuneka unqunyulwe umlenze kwaye usebenzise iprothesis okanye iintonga zobomi. Kule meko, utyando lolona nyango lusebenzayo kwaye lujolise ekongezeni amalungu okufakelwa emathanjeni ukuze umntu aqhubeke nokuhamba ngesiqhelo. Utyando kufuneka lwenziwe, ngokukhethekileyo, ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala.

Ngayiphi na imeko, i-physiotherapy ihlala iboniswa ukunciphisa iintlungu, ukuququzelela ukukhula kunye nokuthintela imbuyekezo yemisipha okanye ukulungiselela utyando, umzekelo, kodwa imeko nganye kufuneka ihlalutywe ngokobuqu kuba unyango lwe-physiotherapeutic luya kwahluka kumntu ngamnye kuba iimfuno zomnye azinako ibe yenye.