Ukuqonda Iimpawu zeFlu

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo
• Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ongxamisekileyo
• Iimpawu ezinzima
• Xa abantu abadala befuna unyango olungxamisekileyo
• Nini ukufuna unonophelo olungxamisekileyo kwiintsana nabantwana
• Iimpawu zenyumoniya
• Umkhuhlane wesisu
• Ukunyanga umkhuhlane
• Ukuthintela umkhuhlane
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni umkhuhlane?

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomkhuhlane wefiva, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokudinwa kunokushiya abaninzi bevalelwe ebhedini bade babe bhetele. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziya kubonakala naphi na emva kosulelo.

Zidla ngokuvela ngesiquphe kwaye zinokuba nzima kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, iimpawu zihlala ziphela ngaphakathi.

Kwabanye abantu, ngakumbi abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu, umkhuhlane unokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzima kakhulu. Ukuvuvukala kwimiphunga yomoya encinci yosulelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yinyumoniya, yinto enxulumene nomkhuhlane. I-pneumonia inokubusongela ubomi kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu okanye xa benganyangwa.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zomkhuhlane zezi:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwe-100.4˚F (38˚C)
• Ukugodola
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu zomzimba nezihlunu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukukhohlela owomileyo
• umqala obuhkungu
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo

Ngelixa uninzi lweempawu luza kuthabatha iveki enye ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuqala, ukukhwehlela okomileyo kunye nokudinwa ngokubanzi kunokuhlala kwiiveki ezininzi.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho zomkhuhlane zibandakanya ukuba nesiyezi, ukuthimla, kunye nokuthimliswa. Isicaphucaphu nokugabha azizizo iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubantu abadala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zenzeka ebantwaneni.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ongxamisekileyo

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki zomkhuhlane kubandakanya abo:

• bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala (ngakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala)
• Ngaba uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala okanye omncinci kwaye uthatha amayeza aqukethe i-aspirin okanye i-salicylate
• baneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu
• ukhulelwe okanye ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokubeleka
• Unesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) be-40 ubuncinci
• ndinamaNative American (American Indian okanye iAlaska Native)
• ndihlala kumakhaya abantu abalupheleyo okanye kwizibonelelo zononophelo olungapheliyo

Abantu abaye benza buthathaka amajoni omzimba ngenxa yeemeko zempilo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile bakwumngcipheko omkhulu.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nengxaki yomkhuhlane kufuneka banxibelelane nogqirha wabo xa befumana naziphi na iimpawu zomkhuhlane. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo njengeswekile okanye iCOPD.

Abantu abadala abadala kunye nabo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka banokufumana:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ulusu oluhlaza
• umqala obuhlungu
• umkhuhlane ophezulu
• ukudinwa kakhulu

Iimpawu ezinzima

Kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane:

• iba mandundu
• ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini
• kubangela ukuba ukhathazeke okanye uxhalabe
• kubandakanya indlebe ebuhlungu okanye umkhuhlane ngaphezulu kwe-103˚F (39.4˚C)

Xa abantu abadala befuna unyango olungxamisekileyo

Ngokwabantu abadala, abantu abadala kufuneka bafune unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuba bafumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci
• isifuba okanye iintlungu zesisu okanye uxinzelelo
• isiyezi esiqubulisayo okanye esiqatha
• isiqaqa
• ukudideka
• ukugabha okunzima okanye okungaguquguqukiyo
• Iimpawu ezithi shwaka kwaye ziphinde zivele ngomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane

Nini ukufuna unonophelo olungxamisekileyo kwiintsana nabantwana

Ngokuka-Yehova, kuya kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba usana lwakho okanye umntwana unazo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukuphefumla okungaqhelekanga, njengobunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• umbala oluhlaza okwesikhumba
• ukungaseli isixa esaneleyo samanzi
• ubunzima bokuvuka, ukungabinalo uluhlu
• ukukhala okuya kusiba kubi xa kulandwa umntwana
• akukho nyembezi xa ulila
• Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ezithi shwaka kodwa ziphinde zivele ngomkhuhlane kunye nokukhohlela okomeleleyo
• umkhuhlane onerhashalala
• ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukungakwazi ukutya
• ukuncipha kwenani lamanabukeni manzi

Iimpawu zenyumoniya

I-pneumonia yingxaki eqhelekileyo yomkhuhlane. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kumaqela athile asemngciphekweni omkhulu, kubandakanya abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba asele ebuthathaka.

Tyelela igumbi likaxakeka kwangoko ukuba unempawu zenyumoniya, kubandakanya:

• ukhohlokhohlo kakhulu isixa esikhulu phlegm
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci
• umkhuhlane ongaphezulu ko-102˚F (39˚C) oqhubekekayo, ngakumbi xa uhamba nobushushu okanye ukubila
• iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukugodola kakhulu okanye ukubila

Inyumoniya enganyangekiyo inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu nasekufeni. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abadala, abantu abatshayayo, kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka. I-pneumonia isoyikisa ngakumbi kubantu abaneentliziyo ezingapheliyo okanye iimeko zemiphunga.

Umkhuhlane wesisu

Isigulo esaziwa ngokuba "sisisu somkhuhlane" sibhekisa kwintsholongwane ye-gastroenteritis (GE), ebandakanya ukudumba kwesisu. Nangona kunjalo, umkhuhlane wesisu ubangelwa ziintsholongwane ngaphandle kweentsholongwane zomkhuhlane, ngoko ke isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane asizukuthintela umkhuhlane wesisu.

Ngokubanzi, i-gastroenteritis inokubangelwa liqela lezifo, kubandakanya iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iiparasites, kunye nezizathu ezingosuleliyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-viral GE zibandakanya umkhuhlane omncinci, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo. Kwelinye icala, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ayibangeli sicaphucaphu okanye urhudo, ngaphandle ngamanye amaxesha kubantwana abancinci.

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi umahluko phakathi kweempawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nesisu ukuze ufumane unyango olululo.

Abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, kunye nabo banesistim sokungasebenzi kakuhle basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-GE yentsholongwane enganyangekiyo. Ezi ngxaki zinokubandakanya ukuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufa.

Ukunyanga umkhuhlane

Ngokungafaniyo nosulelo lwebacteria, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inyangwa kakuhle ngebhedi. Uninzi lwabantu luziva lungcono emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Amanzi, afana nala alandelayo, ayanceda ekunyangeni iimpawu zomkhuhlane:

• amanzi
• iti yemifuno
• iisuphu ezinesibindi
• iijusi zeziqhamo zendalo

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza antiviral. Amachiza okulwa nentsholongwane awuwususi ngokupheleleyo umkhuhlane, njengoko engayibulali intsholongwane, kodwa anokuyinciphisa ikhosi yentsholongwane. Amayeza anokunceda ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezinje nge-pneumonia.

Imigaqo eqhelekileyo yonyango ibandakanya:

• zanamivir (Relenza)
• oseltamivir (iTamiflu)
• i-peramivir (iRipivab)

Ikwavumile iyeza elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yi-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) ngo-Okthobha ka-2018.

Amayeza antiviral kufuneka athathwe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 zokuqalisa kweempawu ukuze zisebenze. Ukuba bathathwe ngeli xesha, banokukunceda ukunciphisa ubude bomkhuhlane.

Amayeza amiselweyo omkhuhlane anikezelwa ngokubanzi kwabo banokuba semngciphekweni weengxaki. Ezi ziyobisi zinokuthwala umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-nausea, delirium, kunye nokuhlutha.

Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuthatha amayeza e-counter-counter-counter for pain and fever relief, njenge-ibuprofen (Advil) okanye i-acetaminophen (iTylenol).

Ukuthintela umkhuhlane

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela iimpawu zomkhuhlane kukuthintela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane kwindawo yokuqala. Nabani na kufuneka afumane ugonyo lonyaka lomkhuhlane.

Kukwacetyiswa nangomkhuhlane ukuba ngabafazi abakhulelweyo. Ngelixa kungenangqondo kwaphela, iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane lingawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokubamba umkhuhlane.

Unokuthintela ukufumana nokusasaza umkhuhlane ngo:

• ukuphepha ukunxibelelana nabanye abagulayo
• ukuhlala kude nezihlwele, ngakumbi ngexesha lomkhuhlane
• ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo
• kuphephe ukuthinta umlomo nobuso, okanye ukutya ukutya ngaphambi kokuhlamba izandla
• ukugubungela impumlo nomlomo ngomkhono wakho okanye ithishu ukuba ufuna ukuthimla okanye ukukhohlela

Imbonakalo

Kungathatha ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini ukuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziphele, nangona ezona mpawu zimbi zomkhuhlane zihlala ziqala ukuxhasa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini, okanye ukuba ziyanyamalala zize ziphinde zivele zimbi kunakuqala.