Amanqaku ali-11 okonwaba malunga neNkqubo yeNervous

Umxholo

• 1. Umzimba uneebhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo
• 2. I-Neurons yenziwe ngamalungu amathathu
• 3. Ii-Neurons zinokubonakala zahlukile kwezinye
• 4. I-Neurons icwangciselwe ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo
• 5. Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo
• 6. Zimbini iintlobo zeesistim zemithambo-luvo
• 7. Inkqubo engazibandakanyiyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu
• 8. Umzimba une-nervous system yokulungiselela umzimba ukuba uthathe amanyathelo
• 9. Kukho inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yokulawula umzimba uphumle
• 10. Kukho inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yokulawula amathumbu
• 11. Inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo inokuqhekezwa

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yinkqubo yonxibelelwano yangaphakathi yomzimba. Yenziwe ziiseli zemithambo-luvo ezininzi zomzimba. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo zingenisa ulwazi ngeemvakalelo zomzimba: ukubamba, ukungcamla, ukunuka, ukubona kunye nesandi. Ingqondo iguqulela olu luvo luvo ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo ngaphandle nangaphakathi komzimba. Oku kuvumela umntu ukuba asebenzise umzimba wakhe ukunxibelelana nendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yabo yomzimba.

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo inzima kakhulu. Sithembele kuyo yonke imihla ukusinceda sihlale sisempilweni kwaye sikhuselekile. Kutheni le nto kufuneka siyixabise inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo? Funda ezi zinto zili-11 zokuzonwabisa kwaye uyazi ukuba kutheni:

1. Umzimba uneebhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo

Umzimba womntu ngamnye uneebhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons). Kukho malunga ne-100 lamawaka ezigidi kwingqondo kunye nezigidi ezili-13.5 kumqolo womqolo. I-neurons yomzimba ithatha kwaye ithumele imiqondiso yombane kunye neekhemikhali (amandla e-electrochemical energy) kwezinye ii-neurons.

2. I-Neurons yenziwe ngamalungu amathathu

I-Neurons ifumana imiqondiso kwinxalenye emfutshane efana ne-eriyali ebizwa ngokuba yi-dendrite, kwaye ithumele imiqondiso kwezinye ii-neurons ezinenxalenye ende enjengentambo ebizwa ngokuba yi-axon. I-axon inokufikelela kwimitha ubude.

Kwezinye ii-neurons, ii-axon zigutyungelwe ngamanqatha amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi-myelin, esebenza njenge-insulator. Inceda ukuhambisa imiqondiso ye-nerve, okanye iimpembelelo, ezantsi kwe-axon ende. Icandelo eliphambili le-neuron libizwa ngokuba ngumzimba weseli. Inayo yonke into ebalulekileyo yeseli evumela ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Ii-Neurons zinokubonakala zahlukile kwezinye

I-Neurons iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zikwindawo yomzimba kunye nokuba zilungiselelwe ntoni. I-neurons ye-sensory ine-dendrites kuzo zombini iziphelo kwaye zidityaniswe yi-axon ende enomzimba weseli embindini. I-motor neurons inomzimba weseli kwelinye icala kunye ne-dendrites kwelinye icala, kunye ne-axon ende phakathi.

4. I-Neurons icwangciselwe ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo

Zine iindidi zeeuron:

• Iimvakalelo: Iisensory neurons zisa imiqondiso yombane evela kumalungu angaphandle omzimba - {textend} amadlala, izihlunu, kunye nolusu- {textend} kwi-CNS.
• Imoto: Ii-neurons zemoto zithwala imiqondiso esuka kwi-CNS iye kumalungu angaphandle omzimba.
• AbamkeliI-Receptor neurons iyayiqonda imeko-bume (ukukhanya, isandi, ukubamba kunye neekhemikhali) ezikungqongileyo kwaye uyiguqulele kumandla ombane we-electrochemical othunyelwa zii-neurons zemizwa.
• Abaxhasi: I-Interneurons ithumela imiyalezo isuka kwi-neuron iye kwenye.

5. Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo

Inkqubo yovalo lomntu yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini. Zizahlula ngokwendawo ezihlala kuyo emzimbeni kwaye zibandakanya inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) kunye ne-peripheral nervous system (PNS).

I-CNS ibekwe kwikakayi kunye nomjelo we-vertebral yomqolo. Ibandakanya imithambo-luvo kwingqondo kunye nomqolo. Onke amalungu omzimba ashiyekileyo kwamanye amalungu omzimba ayinxalenye ye-PNS.

6. Zimbini iintlobo zeesistim zemithambo-luvo

Umzimba womntu wonke une-CNS kunye ne-PNS. Kodwa ikwanazo neenkqubo zemithambo-luvo zokuzithandela nokuzikhethela.Inkqubo yovolontiya yomzimba (somatic) yolawulo lwezinto ezilawulwa ngumntu kwaye angakwazi ukuzilawula, njengokuhambisa intloko, iingalo, imilenze, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo engalawulekiyo yomzimba (yezityalo okanye ezenzekelayo) yolawulo lweenkqubo zomzimba emzimbeni ongalawulwa mntu. Ihlala isebenza kwaye ilawula ukubetha kwentliziyo yomntu, ukuphefumla, imetabolism, phakathi kwezinye iinkqubo zomzimba ezibalulekileyo.

7. Inkqubo engazibandakanyiyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu

I-CNS kunye ne-PNS zombini zibandakanya iinxalenye zokuzithandela kunye nokungazibandakanyi. La malungu aqhagamshelwe kwi-CNS, kodwa hayi kwi-PNS, apho zihlala zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Inxalenye yokungazibandakanyi ye-PNS ibandakanya iinkqubo ezinemfesane, zoxinzelelo kunye neenkqubo zovalo.

8. Umzimba une-nervous system yokulungiselela umzimba ukuba uthathe amanyathelo

Inkqubo yemfesane yovelwano ixelela umzimba ukuba ulungele ukusebenza komzimba kunye nengqondo. Ibangela ukuba intliziyo ibethe ngamandla kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivule iindlela zokuphefumla ngokulula. Ikwayeka okwethutyana ukwetyisa ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukugxila kwisenzo esikhawulezayo.

9. Kukho inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yokulawula umzimba uphumle

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo elawula ukusebenza komzimba xa umntu ephumle. Eminye yemisebenzi yayo ibandakanya ukukhuthaza ukwetyisa, ukwenza imetabolism, kunye nokunceda umzimba uphumle.

10. Kukho inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yokulawula amathumbu

Umzimba unenkqubo yawo yemithambo-luvo elawula nje amathumbu. Inkqubo ye-enteric ye-nervous ilawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba kwamathumbu njengenxalenye yokwetyisa.

11. Inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo inokuqhekezwa

Ngoku ziphuhlisa iindlela "zokuqhekeza" amajoni omzimba, afumane amandla okulawula iiseli zengqondo ngokukhanya kwesibane. Iiseli zinokucwangciswa ukuba zisabele ekukhanyeni ngotshintsho kwimfuzo.

Ukuqhekeza kunokunceda oososayensi bafunde ngemisebenzi yamaqela ahlukeneyo eeuron. Banokusebenzisa iiseli zobuchopho ezininzi ngaxeshanye kwaye baqwalasele iziphumo emzimbeni.