Glioma: yintoni na, izidanga, iintlobo, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iindidi kunye nenqanaba leGlioma
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

IiGliomas ngamathumba obuchopho apho iiseli ze-glial zibandakanyeka khona, eziyizisele ezenza i-Central Nervous System (CNS) kwaye inoxanduva lokuxhasa ii-neurons kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo. Olu hlobo lwethumba lubangelwa yimfuza, kodwa kunqabile ukuba lube lilifa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iimeko kusapho lwe-glioma, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ululeko ngofuzo ukuze kujongwe ubukho bezinto ezinxulumene nesi sifo.

I-Gliomas inokuhlelwa ngokweendawo ezihlala kuzo, iiseli ezichaphazelekayo, izinga lokukhula kunye nokuba ndlongondlongo kwaye, ngokwemiba yezi zinto, ugqirha jikelele kunye noochwephesha bemithambo-luvo banokumisela olona nyango lufanelekileyo kwityala, elihlala lenziwa ngotyando olulandelwa yi-chemo kunye ne-radiotherapy.

Iindidi kunye nenqanaba leGlioma

I-Gliomas inokuhlelwa ngokweeseli ezichaphazelekayo kunye nendawo:

• Astrocytomas, ezivela kwi-astrocyte, eziziiseli ze-glial ezinoxanduva lokusayina iiseli, isondlo se-neuron kunye nolawulo lwe-homeostatic yenkqubo ye-neuronal;
• Iziqendu, eziphuma kwiiseli ze-ependymal, ezinoxanduva lokufaka imingxunya efumaneka kwingqondo kunye nokuvumela ukuhamba kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, i-CSF;
• Oligodendrogliomas, ezivela kwii-oligodendrocyte, eziziiseli ezinoxanduva lokwenziwa kwe-myelin sheath, esisicwili esigcina iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Njengoko ii-astrocyte zikhona ngesixa esikhulu kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ukwenzeka kwe-astrocytomas kuxhaphake kakhulu, kunye ne-glioblastoma okanye i-grade IV ye-astrocytoma yeyona inamandla kwaye ixhaphakileyo, enokuthi ibonakaliswe kukukhula okuphezulu kunye namandla okungena, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezininzi unokubeka ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni. Qonda ukuba yintoni i-glioblastoma.

Ngokwenqanaba lobundlongondlongo, i-glioma inokuhlelwa ibe:

• IBakala I, exhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni, nangona inqabile, kwaye inokuconjululwa ngokulula ngotyando, njengoko inokukhula kancinci kwaye ayinamandla okungena;
• IBakala II, ekwanokukhula kancinci kodwa sele ikwazile ukungena ngaphakathi kwizicubu zobuchopho kwaye, ukuba isifo asifakwanga kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo, sinokujika sibe kwinqanaba lesithathu okanye IV, elinokuthi libeke ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni. Kule meko, ukongeza kutyando, ichemotherapy iyacetyiswa;
• IBakala III, ebonakaliswa kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokusasazeka ngokulula ngengqondo;
• IBakala IV, yeyiphi eyona inamandla, kuba ukongeza kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuphindaphindeka isasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ibeke ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni.

Ukongeza, ii-gliomas zinokuhlelwa njengezinga lokukhula eliphantsi, njengoko kunjalo kwinqanaba le-I kunye ne-II ye-glioma, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula okuphezulu, njengoko kunjalo kwibakala le-III kunye ne-IV gliomas, ezibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yenyani ukuba iiseli zethumba ziyakwazi ukuphindaphindeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingene kwezinye iisayithi zethishu yobuchopho, ziqhubeke zibeke esichengeni ubomi bomntu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-glioma zihlala zichongwa kuphela xa ithumba linyanzela inwebu okanye intambo yomqolo, kwaye zinokwahluka ngokobungakanani, imilo kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kweglioma, eyona iphambili yile:

• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ukuxhuzula;
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha;
• Kunzima ukugcina ibhalansi;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo;
• Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo:
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha;
• Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba;
• Kunzima ukuthetha.

Ngokusekwe kuvavanyo lwezi mpawu, ugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye ugqirha wemithambo-luvo unokubonisa ukusebenza kovavanyo lwe-imaging ukuze kwenziwe isifo, ezinje nge-computed tomography kunye nemagnetic resonance imaging, umzekelo. Ukusuka kwiziphumo ezifunyenweyo, ugqirha unokuchonga indawo yethumba kunye nobukhulu bayo, akwazi ukuchaza inqanaba le-glioma kwaye, ke, abonise olona nyango lufanelekileyo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-glioma lwenziwa ngokweempawu zethumba, inqanaba, uhlobo, ubudala kunye neempawu kunye neempawu eziboniswe ngumntu. Olona nyango luxhaphakileyo lwe-glioma lutyando, olujolise ekususeni ithumba, elenza ukuba kufuneke ukuba kuvulwe ukakayi ukuze i-neurosurgeon ikwazi ukufikelela kubunzima bengqondo, yenze ukuba inkqubo ithambe ngakumbi. Olu tyando luhlala luhamba kunye nemifanekiso eboniswe yimagneti yesandi kunye nekhompyuter yecomputer ukuze ugqirha abone indawo ngqo emele isuswe kuyo.

Emva kokususwa kwe-glioma ngotyando, umntu uhlala ephantsi kwe-chemo okanye i-radiotherapy, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwi-grade II, III kunye ne-IV gliomas, njengoko zingena ngaphakathi kwaye zinokusasazeka ngokulula kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho, imeko iba mandundu. Ke, nge-chemo kunye ne-radiotherapy, kunokwenzeka ukuba kupheliswe iiseli zethumba ezingakhange zisuswe ngotyando, kuthintela ukwanda kwezi seli kunye nokubuya kwesi sifo.