IGlomerulonephritis (Isifo esiqaqambileyo)

Umxholo

• Zithini izizathu zeGN?
• Isifo seGN
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo se-GN
• Zithini iimpawu ze-GN?
• I-GN ebukhali
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo se-GN
• Ukusilela kwezintso
• Ufunyaniswa njani uGN?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo ze-GN?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-GN?
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Yintoni i-glomerulonephritis?

IGlomerulonephritis (GN) kukudumba kweglomeruli, ezizizintso kwizintso zakho ezenziwe yimithambo yegazi encinci. La maqhina emithambo anceda ukucoca igazi lakho nokususa ulwelo oluninzi. Ukuba i-glomeruli yakho yonakele, izintso zakho ziya kuyeka ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye ungangena ekusweleni kwezintso.

Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-nephritis, i-GN sisifo esibi esinokusongela ubomi kwaye sifuna unyango kwangoko. I-GN inokuba zombini zibukhali, okanye ngequbuliso, kwaye zingapheliyo, okanye ixesha elide. Le meko yayisaziwa njengesifo sikaBright.

Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba yintoni ebangela i-GN, ifunyaniswa njani, kwaye zeziphi iindlela zokhetho zonyango.

Zithini izizathu zeGN?

Izizathu ze-GN zixhomekeke ekubeni ngaba zibuhlungu okanye zingapheliyo.

Isifo seGN

I-GN ebukhali inokuba yimpendulo kusulelo olufana nomqala womqala okanye izinyo elingenamntu. Isenokuba ngenxa yeengxaki zomzimba wakho zokuzikhusela kwizifo. Oku kunokuhamba ngaphandle konyango. Ukuba ayipheli, unyango olukhawulezileyo luyimfuneko ukukhusela umonakalo wexesha elide kwizintso zakho.

Izifo ezithile ziyaziwa ukuba zibangela i-GN ebukhali, kubandakanya:

• umqalaizitrephi zomqala
• inkqubo lupus erythematosus, ekwabizwa ngokuba lupus
• I-Goodpasture syndrome, isifo esinqabileyo sokuzimela komzimba apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela izintso kunye nemiphunga
• i-amyloidosis, eyenzeka xa iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubangela ukwakheka kumalungu akho nakwizicubu zakho
• i-granulomatosis ene-polyangiitis (eyayisaziwa njenge-Wegener’s granulomatosis), isifo esinqabileyo esibangela ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi
• I-polyarteritis nodosa, isifo apho iiseli zihlasela imithambo

Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweziyobisi ezichasayo ezingasebenziyo, ezinje nge-ibuprofen (Advil) kunye ne-naproxen (Aleve), nayo inokuba ngumngcipheko. Akufanele udlule kumyinge kunye nobude bonyango oludweliswe kwibhotile ngaphandle kokufuna iingcebiso kumboneleli wakho wokuqala.

Isifo esinganyangekiyo se-GN

Ifom engapheliyo ye-GN inokukhula kwiminyaka eliqela kungekho zimpawu zimbalwa. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwizintso zakho kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelele ekusileleni kwezintso.

I-GN engapheliyo ayisoloko inesizathu esicacileyo. Isifo semfuza ngamanye amaxesha sinokubangela i-GN engapheliyo. Ifa nephritis elithathwa njengelifa livela kubafana abancinci abangaboni kakuhle nabangeva kakuhle. Ezinye izizathu ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• izifo ezithile zomzimba
• imbali yomhlaza
• Ukuvezwa kwezinye izinyibilikisi zehydrocarbon

Kananjalo, ukuba nefom ebukhali ye-GN kunokukwenza ukuba ube nakho ukukhula iGN engapheliyo kamva.

Zithini iimpawu ze-GN?

Iimpawu onokuthi uzibone zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-GN onayo kunye nokuba kunzima kangakanani.

I-GN ebukhali

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-GN ebandayo zibandakanya:

• ukukhukhumala ebusweni bakho
• uchama kancinci
• igazi kumchamo wakho, ojika umchamo wakho umbala omnyama wokurusa
• ulwelo olongezelelekileyo emiphungeni yakho, lubangela ukukhohlela
• igazi elonyukayo

Isifo esinganyangekiyo se-GN

Uhlobo olungapheliyo lwe-GN lunokunyuka ngaphandle kweempawu. Kunokubakho ukukhula kancinci kweempawu ezifanayo nefom ebukhali. Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya:

• igazi okanye iproteni egqithisileyo kumchamo wakho, onokuba yimicroscopic kwaye ubonakale kuvavanyo lomchamo
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukudumba emaqatheni nasebusweni
• ukuchama rhoqo ebusuku
• umchamo wokubhabha okanye ugwebu, ukusuka kwiprotein engaphezulu
• intlungu zesisu
• iimpumlo zeempumlo rhoqo

Ukusilela kwezintso

I-GN yakho inokuqhubela phambili kangangokuba uhlakulele ukungaphumeleli kwezintso. Ezinye zeempawu zoku zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukungabikho komdla
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• ukuphuthelwa
• ulusu olomileyo nolurhawuzayo
• izihlunu zobunzima ebusuku

Ufunyaniswa njani uGN?

Inyathelo lokuqala lokufumanisa isifo kuvavanyo lokuchama. Igazi kunye neprotein kumchamo zibalulekile kukumakisha kwesi sifo. Uvavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo lwenye imeko lunokukhokelela ekufumanekeni kwe-GN.

Uvavanyo oluninzi lomchamo lunokuba yimfuneko ukujonga iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zempilo yezintso, kubandakanya:

• imvume yokudala
• iprotheni iyonke kumchamo
• Ukuchama komchamo
• umchamo othile womxhuzulane
• umchamo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
• umchamo osmolality

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonisa:

• i-anemia, kwinqanaba eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi
• amanqanaba e-albin engaqhelekanga
• i-nitrogen yegazi engaqhelekanga
• amanqanaba aphezulu e-creatinine

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-immunology ukujonga:

• ii-antibodies ze-membrane eziphantsi komhlaba
• Antineutrophil cytoplasmic omzimba
• Iintsholongwane zenyukliya
• gcwalisa amanqanaba

Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinokubonisa ukuba amajoni akho omzimba ayazonakalisa izintso zakho.

I-biopsy yezintso zakho kunokuba yimfuneko ukuqinisekisa isifo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlalutya isampulu encinci yezicubu zezintso ezithathwe ngenaliti.

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nemeko yakho, unokufumana iimvavanyo zokucinga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukuskena i-CT
• i-ultrasound yezintso
• X-reyi yesifuba
• ipyramogram efakwa emithanjeni

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo ze-GN?

Ukhetho lonyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-GN ohlangabezana nayo kunye nonobangela wayo.

Olunye unyango kukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngakumbi ukuba sesona sizathu siphambili se-GN. Uxinzelelo lwegazi kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukulawula xa izintso zakho zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, kubandakanya i-angiotensin-eguqula i-enzyme inhibitors, okanye i-ACE inhibitors, enje:

• captopril
• I-lisinopril (iZestril)
• I-perindopril (iAceon)

Ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-angiotensin receptor blockers, okanye ii-ARBs, ezinje:

• losartan (uCozaar)
• Irbesartan (Avapro)
• valsartan (uDiovan)

ICorticosteroids inokusetyenziswa ukuba amajoni akho omzimba ahlasela izintso zakho. Banciphisa ukuphendula komzimba.

Enye indlela yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-immune plasmapheresis. Le nkqubo isusa ulwelo egazini lakho, olubizwa ngokuba yiplasma, ize endaweni yalo ifake ulwelo olufakwa ngaphakathi okanye iplasma enikelweyo engenazo izilwa-buhlungu.

Kwi-GN engapheliyo, kuya kufuneka unciphise inani leprotein, ityuwa, kunye ne-potassium kukutya kwakho. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuba usela kangakanani ulwelo. Izongezo zeCalcium zinokucetyiswa, kwaye kuya kufuneka uthathe i-diuretics ukunciphisa ukudumba. Jonga ugqirha wakho jikelele okanye ugqirha wezintso ngezikhokelo malunga nokuthintelwa kokutya okanye izongezo. Banokukusetha kunye nogqirha wezonyango ukuba bakucebise kukhetho lwakho.

Ukuba imeko yakho iqhubela phambili kwaye uhlakulela ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, unokufuna ukuba ne-dialysis. Kule nkqubo, umatshini ucoca igazi lakho. Ekugqibeleni, unokufuna ukufakelwa kwezintso.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-GN?

I-GN inokukhokelela kwisifo i-nephrotic syndrome, ekubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe ziiprotein ezinkulu kumchamo wakho. Oku kukhokelela kugcino oluninzi lwamanzi kunye netyuwa emzimbeni wakho. Unako ukuhlakulela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nokuvuvukala kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. ICorticosteroids iyayinyanga le meko. Ekugqibeleni, i-nephrotic syndrome iya kukhokelela kwisigaba sokugqibela sesifo sezintso ukuba asiyikulawulwa.

Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-GN:

• ukusilela kwezintso
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, njengamanqanaba aphezulu esodiyam okanye i-potassium
• izifo ezingapheliyo zomchamo
• ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okanye ukugcwala kwamanzi
• i-edema yemiphunga ngenxa yokugcina amanzi okanye ukugcwala kwamanzi
• igazi elonyukayo
• uxinzelelo lwegazi, olonyusa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• ukwanda kwengozi yosulelo

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Ukuba ubanjwe kwangethuba, i-GN ebukhali inokuba yeyethutyana kwaye ibuye ibuye. I-GN enganyangekiyo inokucothiswa ngonyango kwangoko. Ukuba i-GN yakho iba mbi, iya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwezintso, ukusilela kwezintso okungapheliyo, kunye nesifo se-renal sokugqibela.

Umonakalo omkhulu wezintso, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, kunye nesifo sokugqibela sezintso ekugqibeleni kunokufuna i-dialysis kunye nokufakelwa kwezintso.

Oku kulandelayo ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo okufumana kwakhona kwi-GN kunye nokuthintela iziqendu ezizayo:

• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Thintela ityuwa kwindlela otya ngayo.
• Thintela iprotheni kwindlela otya ngayo.
• Thintela i-potassium ekudleni kwakho.
• Yeka ukutshaya.

Ukongeza, ukudibana neqela lenkxaso kunokuba yindlela eluncedo kuwe yokujongana noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo lokuba nesifo sezintso.