Umkhuhlane waseSpain: yayiyintoni, iimpawu kunye nayo yonke into malunga nobhubhane we-1918

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unobangela kunye nohlobo losasazo
• Unyango lwenziwe njani
• Ukuthintela umkhuhlane waseSpain

Umkhuhlane waseSpain sisifo esabangelwa kukutshintshwa kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane eyakhokelela ekuswelekeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50, ichaphazela bonke abantu behlabathi phakathi konyaka we-1918 nowe-1920, ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Ekuqaleni, umkhuhlane waseSpain wabonakala kuphela eYurophu naseMelika, kodwa kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa wanwenwela kwihlabathi liphela, uchaphazela i-India, uMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, iJapan, iTshayina, uMbindi Merika kunye neBrazil, apho yabulala abantu abangaphezulu kwe-10,000. eRio de Janeiro kunye nama-2 000 eSão Paulo.

Umkhuhlane waseSpain wawungenalo unyango, kodwa esi sifo sanyamalala phakathi kokuphela konyaka we-1919 nasekuqaleni kuka-1920, kwaye akusekho zifo zichazwe ukususela ngelo xesha.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane waseSpain ibinokuchaphazela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, oko kukuthi, inokubangela iimpawu xa ifikelela kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, yemithambo-luvo, yokwetyisa, yezintso okanye yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ke, ezona mpawu ziphambili zomkhuhlane waseSpain zibandakanya:

• Iintlungu zezihlunu kunye namalungu;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ukuphuthelwa;
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-38º;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• Ukuziva uphefumla kancinci;
• Ukudumba kwingqula, umphimbo, itrachea kunye nebronchi;
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga;
• Intlungu zesisu;
• Ukunyusa okanye ukunciphisa ukubetha kwentliziyo;
• Proteinuria, nto leyo ukunyuka yoxinaniso iiprothini umchamo;
• I-Nephritis.

Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa zokuqala kweempawu, abaguli abanomkhuhlane waseSpain banokuba namabala amdaka ebusweni babo, ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhohlela igazi nokopha empumlweni nasezindlebeni.

Unobangela kunye nohlobo losasazo

Umkhuhlane waseSpain ubangelwe kukutshintsha okungalindelekanga kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane ebangele ukuba intsholongwane iH1N1.

Le ntsholongwane yayisasazeka ngokulula isuka emntwini isiya emntwini ngokudibana ngqo, ukukhohlela nkqu nangomoya, ikakhulu ngenxa yeenkqubo zempilo zamazwe aliqela ukusilela kunye nokubandezeleka kwimbambano zeMfazwe Enkulu.

Unyango lwenziwe njani

Unyango lomkhuhlane waseSpain alufumaniswanga, kwaye kwakucetyiswa kuphela ukuba uphumle kwaye ugcine ukutya okwaneleyo kunye ne-hydration. Ke, bambalwa abaguli abaphilisiweyo, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Njengokuba kwakungekho sitofu sokulwa intsholongwane ngelo xesha, unyango lwalusenzelwa ukulwa neempawu zaso kwaye sasidla ngokumiselwa ngugqirha we-aspirin, into echaseneyo nokuthomalalisa esetyenziselwa ukudambisa iintlungu nokuthoba umkhuhlane.

Ukutshintsha kwentsholongwane yesiqhelo yomkhuhlane yowe-1918 kuyafana noko kwavela kwimeko yomkhuhlane weentaka (H5N1) okanye umkhuhlane wehagu (H1N1). Kule meko, njengoko kwakungekho lula ukufumanisa into ebangela isifo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo, okwenza ukuba isifo sibulale kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ukuthintela umkhuhlane waseSpain

Ukuthintela ukosulelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane waseSpain kwakucetyiswa ukuba kuthintelwe ukuba kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezinabantu abaninzi, ezinje ngeendawo zemidlalo yeqonga okanye ezikolweni, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezinye iidolophu zashiywa.

Kule mihla eyona ndlela yokuthintela umkhuhlane kukugonya unyaka nonyaka, kuba iintsholongwane ziguquka ngokulandelelana unyaka wonke ukuze ziphile. Ukongeza kwisitofu sokugonya, kukho ii-antibiotics, ezavela ngo-1928, kwaye ezinokumiselwa ngugqirha ukunqanda ukubakho kosulelo lwebhaktiriya emva komkhuhlane.

Kukwabalulekile ukunqanda indawo ezixineneyo, njengoko intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokudlula isuke komnye umntu iye emntwini ngokulula. Nantsi indlela yokuthintela umkhuhlane.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye uqonde ukuba ubhubhane unokuvela njani kunye nendlela yokuthintela ukuba ingenzeki: