Amayeza aBantu abane-Ulcerative Colitis

Umxholo

• Aminosalicylates (5-ASA)
• UMesalamine
• Isulfasalazine
• Olsalazine
• Balsalazide
• ICorticosteroids
• IBudesonide
• I-Prednisone kunye ne-prednisolone
• Amagciwane omzimba
• Tocacitinib
• Imethotrexate
• I-Azathioprine
• Imercaptopurine
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-methotrexate, azathioprine, kunye ne-mercaptopurine
• Ibhayoloji
• Gwema ii-NSAID
• Thetha nogqirha wakho

Intshayelelo

I-ulcerative colitis luhlobo lwesifo sokukrala kwamathumbu (IBD) esichaphazela ikakhulu ikholon (amathumbu amakhulu). Isenokubangelwa yimpendulo engaqhelekanga evela kumajoni omzimba wakho. Ngelixa kungekho nyango lwaziyo lwe-ulcerative colitis, iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza zinokusetyenziswa ukulawula iimpawu.

Iimpawu ze-ulcerative colitis zingabandakanya:

• iintlungu esiswini, ukungonwabi, okanye iicramps
• urhudo oluqhubekayo
• igazi esitulweni

Iimpawu zisenokuhlala zihleli okanye zisenokuba mandundu ngexesha lokuqhambuka.

Amayeza ahlukeneyo anokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba (ukudumba kunye nokucaphuka), ukunciphisa inani lokuphazamiseka onakho, kwaye uvumele ikholoni yakho ukuba iphilise. Iiklasi ezine eziphambili zamachiza zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abane-ulcerative colitis.

Aminosalicylates (5-ASA)

I-Aminosalicylates icingelwa ukunciphisa iimpawu zesilonda esibuhlungu ngokunciphisa ukudumba kwikholoni. La machiza asetyenziswa kubantu abane-ulcerative colitis ethambileyo ukuya kokuphakathi. Banokukunceda ekuthinteleni i-flare-ups okanye banciphise inani le-flare-ups onalo.

Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

UMesalamine

I-Mesalamine inokuthi ithathwe ngomlomo (ngomlomo) njengethebhulethi yokukhupha ukulibaziseka, ukukhutshwa kwecapsule eyandisiweyo, okanye ukubambezeleka kokukhutshwa. I-Mesalamine ikwafumaneka njenge-suppository ye-rectal okanye i-enema ye-rectal.

I-Mesalamine iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwa lafana nolunye uhlobo kwezinye iindlela. Inamagama egama eligama, anjengeDelzicol, i-Apriso, iPentasa, iRowasa, i-sfRowasa, iCanasa, i-Asacol HD kunye neLialda.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-mesalamine zingabandakanya:

• urhudo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• iintlungu esiswini, iicramps, kunye nokungonwabi
• ukwanda kwesisu esiswini okanye i-reflux
• ukugabha
• ukungqusha
• irhashalala

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kodwa ezinzulu ze-mesalamine zinokubandakanya:

• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokuthi zinxibelelane ne-mesalamine zibandakanya:

• nguyennguyen
• iwarfarin
• Isitofu sokugonya i-varicella zoster

Isulfasalazine

I-Sulfasalazine ithathwa ngomlomo njengepilisi yokukhululwa kwangoko okanye yokulibaziseka. I-Sulfasalazine iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwe lafana nelo lenziwe nanjengegama lesiyobisi iAzulfidine.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-sulfasalazine zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• isisu esimoshakele
• ukuncipha kwenqanaba lobudoda emadodeni

Ezinye iziphumo ezinqabileyo kodwa ezinzulu ze-sulfasalazine zibandakanya:

• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi njenge-anemia
• Impendulo ebukhali efana ne-Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• ukusilela kwesibindi
• iingxaki zezintso

I-Sulfasalazine inokusebenzisana namanye amachiza, anje ngala:

• Yogco
• ifolic acid

Olsalazine

I-Olsalazine iza njengecapsule oyithatha ngomlomo. Iyafumaneka njengegama lophawu lweziyobisi iDipentum. Ayifumaneki njengechiza eliqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-olsalazine zingabandakanya:

• urhudo okanye ilindle elixegayo
• iintlungu esiswini sakho
• irhashalala okanye ukurhawuzelela

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandla ze-olsalazine zinokubandakanya:

• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi njenge-anemia
• ukusilela kwesibindi
• iingxaki zentliziyo ezinje ngokutshintsha kwesingqisho sentliziyo kunye nokudumba kwentliziyo yakho

Imizekelo yamachiza i-olsalazine enokusebenzisana nayo ibandakanya:

• heparin
• ubunzima beemolekyuli ezinobunzima obufana ne-enoxaparin okanye i-dalteparin
• mzobo
• nguyennguyen
• Isitofu sokugonya i-varicella zoster

Balsalazide

I-Balsalazide ithathwa ngomlomo njengephilisi okanye ithebhulethi. I-capsule iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwe lafana neliqhelekileyo kwaye nanjengegama lesichazi-magama iColazal. Ithebhulethi ifumaneka kuphela njengegama legama lesiyobisi uGiazo.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ibhalsalazide zinokubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• intlungu zesisu
• urhudo
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• usulelo lokuphefumla
• intlungu edibeneyo

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu zebalsalazide zinokubandakanya:

• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi njenge-anemia
• ukusilela kwesibindi

Imizekelo yeziyobisi i-balsalazide enokusebenzisana nayo ibandakanya:

• nguyennguyen
• iwarfarin
• Isitofu sokugonya i-varicella zoster

ICorticosteroids

I-Corticosteroids inciphisa impendulo yomzimba wakho jikelele ekunciphiseni ukudumba emzimbeni wakho. Ezi ntlobo zamachiza zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abanesifo sokudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi. ICorticosteroids ibandakanya:

IBudesonide

Iindlela ezimbini ze-budesonide ezivunyiweyo kwi-ulcerative colitis ziipilisi zokukhupha ezandisiweyo kunye ne-foam rectal. Zombini ziyafumaneka njengegama lechiza u-Uceris. Azifumaneki njengeziyobisi eziqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-budesonide zingabandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ukwehla kwamanqanaba ehomoni yecortisol
• iintlungu esiswini sakho esingasentla
• ukudinwa
• ukudumba
• induna
• usulelo lomchamo
• intlungu edibeneyo
• ukuqhina

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandla zebudesonide zinokubandakanya:

• iingxaki zombono ezifana ne-glaucoma, i-cataract, kunye nokungaboni
• igazi elonyukayo

IBudesonide inokusebenzisana namanye amachiza afana nala:

• protease inhibitors ezifana ne-ritonavir, indinavir, kunye ne-saquinavir, ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwe-HIV
• iziyobisi ezichasayo ezifana ne-itraconazole kunye ne-ketoconazole
• erythromycin
• izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo eziqukethe i-ethinyl estradiol

I-Prednisone kunye ne-prednisolone

I-Prednisone iyafumaneka kwithebhulethi, ithebhulethi yokukhupha ukulibaziseka, kunye neefom zezisombululo. Uthabatha nayiphi na ngomlomo. I-Prednisone iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwe lafana nelo lenziwe nanjengegama leziyobisi iDeltasone, iPrednisone Intensol, neRayos.

Iifom ze-prednisolone ezivunyiweyo kwi-ulcerative colitis zezi:

• iipilisi
• iipilisi zokunyibilika
• isisombululo samanzi
• isiraphu

Ungathatha nayiphi na kwezi fomu ngomlomo. I-Prednisolone iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwa lafana nelo kwaye laziwa njengegama lemveliso eliyiMillipred.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-prednisone kunye ne-prednisolone inokubandakanya:

• ukwanda kwenqanaba leswekile yegazi
• ukungazinzi okanye unxunguphalo
• ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukudumba ngenxa yokugcina ulwelo emilenzeni okanye emaqatheni
• ukwanda kwesidlo
• ukutyeba kwakho

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandla ze-prednisone kunye ne-prednisolone inokubandakanya:

• i-osteoporosis kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wethambo
• iingxaki zentliziyo ezinjengesifo sentliziyo, iintlungu esifubeni kunye nesingqisho sentliziyo siyatshintsha
• ukuxhuzula

Imizekelo yamachiza i-prednisone kunye ne-prednisolone enokusebenzisana nayo ibandakanya:

• iziyobisi ezichasene ne-phenobarbital kunye ne-phenytoin
• abacoci gazi abanjenge warfarin
• rifampin
• ketoconazole
• Iasprini

Amagciwane omzimba

Amajoni omzimba iziyobisi ezinciphisa impendulo yomzimba kumajoni omzimba. Isiphumo sinciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni womntu. Ama-immunomodulators anokunciphisa inani le-ulcerative colitis flare-ups onayo kwaye akuncede uhlale ungenampawu ixesha elide.

Ii-Immunomodulators zihlala zisetyenziswa kubantu abaneempawu ezingalawulwanga nge-aminosalicylates kunye ne-corticosteroids. Nangona kunjalo, la machiza angathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuqala ukusebenza.

Amajoni omzimba aquka:

Tocacitinib

Kude kube kutshanje, ii-immunomodulators bezingagunyaziswanga yi-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ukunyanga abantu abane-ulcerative colitis. Nangona kunjalo, olu didi lweziyobisi wayenjalo Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa iilebheli ezinganyangekiyo ukunyanga abantu abane-ulcerative colitis.

Ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kwelebheli engaphandle kwaba yinto yexesha elidlulileyo ngo-2018 xa i-FDA yavuma ukusetyenziswa kwe-immunomodulator yabantu abane-ulcerative colitis. Le immunomodulator ibizwa ngokuba yi-tofacitinib (Xeljanz). Kwakukho i-FDA evunyiweyo ngaphambili kubantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis kodwa yayisetyenziselwa ngaphandle kwelebula kubantu abane-ulcerative colitis. I-Xeljanz lunyango lokuqala olunikwa ngomlomo- endaweni yenaliti-kunyango lwexesha elide kubantu abane-ulcerative colitis.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwelebheli engekho kwilebula.

Imethotrexate

IMethotrexate iyafumaneka njengepilisi leyo uyithatha ngomlomo. Ikwanikwa ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-intravenous (IV) kunye ne-subcutaneous kunye ne-intramuscular injections. Ithebhulethi iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwe lafana nelo lenziwe nanjengegama lesitshisi iTrexall. Isisombululo se-IV kunye nenaliti ye-intramuscular zifumaneka kuphela njengeziyobisi eziqhelekileyo. Inaliti yangaphantsi ifumaneka kuphela njengesiyobisi segama iOtrexup kunye neRasuvo.

I-Azathioprine

Unyango lwe-ulcerative colitis, i-azathioprine iza njengecwecwe olithathayo ngomlomo. Iyafumaneka njengechiza elenziwe lafana nelo kwaye nanjengegama leziyobisi elithi Azasan kunye neImuran.

Imercaptopurine

I-Mercaptopurine ifumaneka njengecwecwe okanye ukumiswa kolwelo, zombini kuthathwe ngomlomo. Ithebhulethi ifumaneka kuphela njengechiza elenziwe lafana nalawo aveliswe ngumenzi, kwaye ukunqunyanyiswa kufumaneka kuphela njengegama lophawu lweziyobisi iPurixan.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-methotrexate, azathioprine, kunye ne-mercaptopurine

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zala ma-immunomodulators angabandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• izilonda zomlomo
• ukudinwa
• amanqanaba eseli ephantsi egazi

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokuthi zinxibelelane nee-immunomodulators zibandakanya:

• Zonke iinkonzo ze-intanethi
• ii-aminosalicylates ezinje nge-sulfasalazine, mesalamine, kunye ne-olsalazine
• ii-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ezinjenge lisinopril kunye ne-enalapril
• iwarfarin
• mzantsiweb
• iziyobisi ezichasayo (ii-NSAID) ezinjenge-naproxen kunye ne-ibuprofen
• Yenyani
• Yenyani
• isulfonamides
• zintso
• Ii-retinoids
• mzobozi

Ibhayoloji

I-Biologics ngamachiza enzelwe ngokwemfuza aphuhliswe elebhu kwinto ephilayo. La machiza athintela iiproteni ezithile emzimbeni wakho ekubangeleni ukudumba. Amachiza e-Biologic asetyenziselwa abantu abane-ulcerative colitis ephakathi. Zikwasetyenziselwa abantu abaneempawu ezingalawulwayo ngonyango olufana ne-aminosalicylates, ii-immunomodulators, okanye i-corticosteroids.

Kukho iziyobisi ezintlanu zebhayoloji ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ulonda lweempawu zesisifo. Ezi zifumaneka kuphela njengamachiza anegama lophawu, kubandakanya:

• adalimumab (Humira), enikezwe ngenaliti engaphantsi
• golimumab (Simponi), enikezwe ngenaliti engaphantsi
• infliximab (Remicade), enikezwe nge-IV ukumnika
• infliximab-dyyb (Inflectra), enikezwe nge-IV ukumnika
• I-vedolizumab (Entyvio), enikezwe nge-IV ukumnika

Kuya kufuneka uthathe i-adalimumab, i-golimumab, i-infliximab, okanye i-infliximab-dyyb ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezisibhozo ngaphambi kokuba ubone naluphi na uphuculo. IVedolizumab iqala ukusebenza kwiiveki ezintandathu.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zeziyobisi ze-biologic zingabandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• ifiva
• Ukugodola
• urhashalala okanye irhashalala
• ukwanda kwezifo

Iziyobisi zebhayoloji zinokunxibelelana nezinye iiarhente zebhayoloji. Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya:

• natalizumab
• adalimumab
• golimumab
• infyoximab
• anakinra
• kuxhelwa
• tycityumab
• iwarfarin
• cyclosporine
• mzobozi
• aphilile amachiza okugonya afana ne-varicella zoster vaccine

Gwema ii-NSAID

Ii-NSAID, ezinje nge-ibuprofen kunye ne-naproxen, zihlala zinciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni. Ukuba une-ulcerative colitis, nangona kunjalo, la machiza anokwenza iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu. Qiniseka ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-NSAID.

Thetha nogqirha wakho

Amachiza amaninzi anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho zesisu esinesilonda esibuhlungu. Ukuba une-ulcerative colitis, liphonononge eli nqaku nogqirha wakho kwaye uthethe malunga nokuba ngawaphi amayeza anokukulungela. Ugqirha wakho uya kuphakamisa amayeza ngokusekwe kwizinto ezinje ngempilo yakho iyonke kunye nokuba imeko yakho imbi kangakanani.

Kuya kufuneka uzame amayeza ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ufumane isicwangciso sonyango esikusebenzelayo. Ukuba ukuthatha iyeza elinye akunciphisi iimpawu zakho ngokwaneleyo, ugqirha wakho unokongeza iyeza lesibini elenza ukuba elokuqala liphumelele ngakumbi. Kungathatha ixesha, kodwa ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukufumana amayeza afanelekileyo okunceda ukukhulula iimpawu zakho zesisu esibuhlungu.