Konke malunga neHepatitis B

Umxholo

• Ukuhanjiswa kweHepatitis B
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Ugonyo lwe-Hepatitis B
• IHepatitis B inonyango?
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango njani
• Iifom zokuthintela

I-Hepatitis B sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B, okanye i-HBV, ebangela utshintsho kwisibindi kwaye inokukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu kunye neempawu ezibi, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha namehlo amthubi nolusu. Ukuba esi sifo asichongwanga kwaye sinyangwa, sinokuqhubela phambili kwisigaba esinganyangekiyo, esinokuthi singabonakali okanye sibonakaliswe kukhubazeka kwesibindi, ukuqhubela phambili kwisifo sokuqina kwesibindi kunye nomsebenzi otshintshiweyo.

I-Hepatitis B ithathwa njengesifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STI), kuba intsholongwane ingafumaneka egazini, amadlozi nakukhuselo lobufazi, kwaye inokudluliselwa ngokulula komnye umntu xa usabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga (ngaphandle kwekhondom). Ke, kunokwenzeka ukunqanda ukosuleleka ngokusetyenziswa kweekhondom kunye nokugonya. Funda indlela yokuzikhusela kwi-Hepatitis B.

Unyango lwe-hepatitis B luyahluka ngokwamanqanaba esi sifo, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba uphumle, ucoceke kwaye unakekele ukutya, ngelixa unyango olunganyangekiyo lwe-hepatitis luqhele ukwenziwa ngamayeza amiselwe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ugqirha osulelekileyo okanye ugqirha jikelele.

Ukuhanjiswa kweHepatitis B

Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis B inokufumaneka ikakhulu egazini, kwisidoda, kwimfihlo yelungu lobufazi kunye nobisi lwebele. Ngale ndlela, ukuhambisa kunokwenzeka nge:

• Ukuqhagamshelana ngqo negazi kunye nokufihla komntu osulelekileyo;
• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwekhondom;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingcoliswe ligazi okanye ukufihlakala okunje ngeesirinji ezisetyenziswa kakhulu xa kusetyenziswa iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa ngqo emthanjeni, iinaliti kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iitattoo okanye iacupuncture, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ukugqobhoza;
• Ukwabelana ngezinto ezicocekileyo ezifana nezitshetshe okanye ukucheba kunye nokuzilungisa okanye izixhobo zokuhambahamba;
• Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwesiqhelo okanye ukuncancisa, nangona kunqabile.

Nangona inokudluliselwa ngamathe, intsholongwane ka-B ayisasazeki ngokwanga okanye ngokwabelana ngezicuku okanye iiglasi, njengoko kufanele kubekho isilonda esivulekileyo emlonyeni.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis B kwenziwa ngokuqhuba uvavanyo lwegazi ukubona ubukho be-HBV ekujikelezeni, kunye nobungakanani bayo, kwaye ezi datha zibalulekile kugqirha ukubonisa unyango.

Ukongeza, kuvavanyo lwegazi kunokuboniswa kuvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi, xa kucelwa idosi yeGlutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase (TGO / AST - Aspartate aminotransferase), iGlutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (TGP / ALT - Alanine Aminotransferase), Gamma- glutamyltransferase (gamma -GT) kunye ne-bilirubin, umzekelo. Funda ngakumbi ngezi kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezivavanya isibindi.

Ukuchonga ubukho bentsholongwane egazini, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kweeantigen (Ag) kunye nezibulala-ntsholongwane (anti) egazini kuyaphandwa, kwaye iziphumo ezinokubakho zezi:

• HBsAg esebenzayo okanye ethembekileyo: usulelo kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B;
• HBeAg reagent: inqanaba eliphezulu lokuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B, oko kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane mkhulu;
• Ulwaphulo-mthetho reagent: ukunyanga okanye ukungakhuseleki kwintsholongwane ukuba umntu ugonyelwe i-hepatitis B;
• Ukuchasana neHbc I-reagent: ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B.

I-biopsy yesibindi ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ekufumaneni isifo, ukuvavanya ukukhubazeka kwesibindi, ukuqikelela ukuqhubeka kwesifo kunye nesidingo sonyango.

Ugonyo lwe-Hepatitis B

Isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela isifo kwaye, ke, kufuneka sithathwe kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa, kude kube ziiyure ezili-12 zokuqala emva kokubeleka, kwinyanga yesi-2 nakwinyanga yesi-6 yobomi bosana, isenza isi-3 amathamo.

Abantu abadala abangakhange bagonywe njengabantwana banokufumana isitofu sokugonya, kubandakanya nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwikota yesibini yokukhulelwa. Kubantu abadala, iyeza lokugonya i-hepatitis B likwalawulwa ngeedosi ezi-3, eyokuqala inokuthathwa xa kukho imfuneko, okwesibini emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 kunye neyesithathu emva kweentsuku ezili-180 zedosi yokuqala. Yazi xa kubonisiwe kunye nendlela yokufumana isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B.

Uvavanyo olubonisa ukusebenza kweyeza lokugonya i-hepatitis B yi-Anti-hbs elungileyo xa isitofu sikwazi ukwenza intsholongwane.

IHepatitis B inonyango?

I-hepatitis B ebukhali inokunyanga okuzenzekelayo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ngenxa yomzimba ngokwawo odala ii-antibodies zokuphelisa intsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, i-hepatitis B inokuba sisifo esinganyangekiyo kwaye intsholongwane ihlala emzimbeni ubomi bonke.

Kwi-hepatitis B engapheliyo kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wezifo zesibindi, ezinje ngesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi, ukusilela kwesibindi kunye nomhlaza wesibindi, onokudala umonakalo ongenakulungiseka esibindini, ke kwezi meko, izigulana kufuneka zilandele unyango oluboniswe ngugqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango umntu angaba sisiphatho esinganyangekiyo esempilweni, Oko kukuthi, unokuqulatha intsholongwane emzimbeni, kodwa angabinaso isifo sesibindi esisebenzayo, kwaye kule meko, akunyanzelekanga ukuba athathe amayeza athile. Ukongeza, abaguli abane-hepatitis B enganyangekiyo banokunyangeka emva kweminyaka emininzi yonyango.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ixesha lokuxubusha kwi-hepatitis B ziinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6, ke iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi kohlobo B zinokuvela emva kwenyanga e-1 ukuya kwezi-3 zokungcola. Iimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ze-hepatitis B zibandakanya:

• Ukugula kwesithuthi;
• Ukuphalaza;
• Ukudinwa;
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi;
• Ukungabikho komdla;
• Intlungu zesisu;
• Ubuhlungu kumalungu kunye nezihlunu.

Iimpawu ezifana nombala otyheli eluswini nasemehlweni, umchamo omnyama kunye nezihlalo ezikhanyayo zithetha ukuba esi sifo siyakhula kwaye kukho nomonakalo esibindini. Kwi-hepatitis B engapheliyo, uninzi lwezigulana alubonakalisi zimpawu, kodwa intsholongwane ihlala emzimbeni kwaye inokudluliselwa ngendlela efanayo.

Unyango njani

Unyango lwe-hepatitis B ebukhali lubandakanya ukuphumla, ukutya, i-hydration kwaye akukho tywala. Ukuba kunyanzelekile, umntu angathatha amayeza okususa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, izihlunu kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu nokugabha.

Unyango lwe-hepatitis B enganyangekiyo, ukongeza ekungaseleni utywala kunye nokutya okunamafutha asezantsi, kubandakanya iziyobisi ezichasene ne-antiviral kunye ne-immunomodulatory ezifana ne-Interferon kunye neLamivudine ukunqanda umonakalo wesibindi ongenakulungiseka, onokuthi uthathwe ubomi.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuqinisekiswa kuvavanyo lwegazi ukuba umntu onesifo sesibindi esinganyangekiyo akanaso isifo sesibindi, akufuneki athathe amanye amayeza, yiyo loo nto abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheliyo kufuneka bevavanywe igazi rhoqo. Fumana ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nonyango lwe-hepatitis B.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo ngendlela yokutya kwimeko ye-hepatitis B ukunqanda ezinye iingxaki esibindini:

Iifom zokuthintela

Uthintelo lwe-hepatitis B lunokwenziwa ngeedosi ezi-3 zokugonya kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhondom kuzo zonke iintlobano zesini. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom kubaluleke kakhulu kuba zininzi iintlobo zeentsholongwane ze-hepatitis ezahlukeneyo kwaye isigulana esineyeza lokugonya i-hepatitis B sinokufumana i-hepatitis C.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ungabelani ngezinto zobuqu, ezinje ngebrashi yamazinyo, isitshetshe okanye isitshetshe sokucheba, kunye nezixhobo zokuzicoca okanye zokuhambahamba, kunye neesring okanye ezinye izixhobo ezibukhali. Ukuba umntu ufuna ukwenza umvambo, ukugqobhoza okanye ukwenza i-acupuncture, qiniseka ukuba zonke izinto zithintelwe ngokufanelekileyo.