IHepatitis B

Umxholo

• Ngaba i-hepatitis B iyasulela?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-hepatitis B?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zehepatitis B?
• Ichongwa njani i-hepatitis B?
• Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B kumphezulu we-antigen
• Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B engundoqo ye-antigen
• Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B kumphezulu womzimba
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Luthini unyango lwe-hepatitis B?
• Ukugonywa kwe-Hepatitis B kunye ne-immune globulin
• Unyango ukhetho lwe-hepatitis B
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho kwi-hepatitis B?
• Ndingasithintela njani i-hepatitis B?

Yintoni ihepatitis B?

IHepatitis B sisifo sesibindi esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV). I-HBV yenye yeentlobo ezintlanu ze-hepatitis yentsholongwane. Ezinye zi-hepatitis A, C, D, no-E. Uhlobo ngalunye lwentsholongwane, kwaye iintlobo B no-C kunokwenzeka kakhulu.

I-CDC ithi abantu abamalunga ne-3,000 e-United States bayafa minyaka le ngenxa yeengxaki ezibangelwa yi-hepatitis B. Kukrokrelwa ukuba i-1.4 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika bane-hepatitis B.

Usulelo lwe-HBV lunokuba buhlungu okanye lunganyangeki.

I-hepatitis B ebukhali ibangela ukuba iimpawu zivele ngokukhawuleza kubantu abadala. Iintsana ezosulelwe ekuzalweni kunqabile ukuba zihlakulele kuphela i-hepatitis B ebukhali B. Phantse lonke usulelo lwe-hepatitis B kwiintsana luye lube yinto engapheliyo.

I-hepatitis B engapheliyo ikhula kancinci. Iimpawu zisenokungabonakali ngaphandle kokuba kuvela iingxaki.

Ngaba i-hepatitis B iyasulela?

IHepatitis B iyosulela kakhulu. Isasazeka ngokudibana kwegazi elosulelekileyo kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba. Nangona intsholongwane inokufumaneka ematheni, ayisasazeki ngezixhobo zokwabelana okanye ngokwanga. Ayisasazeki ngokuthimla, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuncancisa. Iimpawu ze-hepatitis B zisenokungabonakali kwiinyanga ezi-3 emva kokuvezwa kwaye zinokuhlala iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-12. Nangona kunjalo, usasulela, nkqu. Intsholongwane inokufikelela kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe.

Iindlela ezinokubakho zokudlulisela zibandakanya:

• ukudibana ngqo negazi elosulelekileyo
• ukusuka kumama uye kosana ngexesha lokuzalwa
• uhlatywa ngenaliti engcolileyo
• ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomntu one-HBV
• ngomlomo, kwilungu lobufazi, kunye nelungu lesini
• usebenzisa isitshetshe okanye nayiphi na into yobuqu enentsalela yencindi yolwelo

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-hepatitis B?

Amanye amaqela asengozini enkulu yosulelo lwe-HBV. Oku kubandakanya:

• abasebenzi bezempilo
• amadoda abelana ngesondo namanye amadoda
• abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ze-IV
• abantu abanamaqabane amaninzi esini
• abantu abanesifo esingapheliyo sesibindi
• abantu abanesifo sezintso
• abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 abanesifo seswekile
• abo bahamba besiya kumazwe aneziganeko eziphezulu zosulelo lwe-HBV

Ziintoni iimpawu zehepatitis B?

Iimpawu ze-hepatitis B ebukhali zisenokungabonakali kangangeenyanga. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• umchamo omnyama
• iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nezihlunu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ifiva
• ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwesisu
• ubuthathaka
• mthubi mhlophe wamehlo (sclera) kunye nolusu (jaundice)

Naziphi na iimpawu ze-hepatitis B zifuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo. Iimpawu ze-hepatitis B ezibi kakhulu zibi kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Yazisa ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba uye wachaphazeleka kwi-hepatitis B. Unokwazi ukuthintela usulelo.

Ichongwa njani i-hepatitis B?

Oogqirha bahlala bechonga i-hepatitis B kuvavanyo lwegazi. Ukuvavanywa kwe-hepatitis B kunokucetyiswa kubantu:

• wadibana nomntu one-hepatitis B
• baye kwilizwe apho i-hepatitis B iqhelekileyo
• bendisentolongweni
• sebenzisa iziyobisi ze-IV
• fumana uxilongo lwezintso
• ukhulelwe
• ngamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda
• une-HIV

Ukukhusela i-hepatitis B, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uthotho lweemvavanyo zegazi.

Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B kumphezulu we-antigen

Uvavanyo lwe-antigen ebusweni be-hepatitis B lubonisa ukuba uyosulela. Iziphumo ezincumisayo zithetha ukuba une-hepatitis B kwaye unokusasaza intsholongwane. Iziphumo ezingalunganga zithetha ukuba awunayo i-hepatitis B. Okwangoku olu vavanyo aluhlukanisi phakathi kosulelo olunganyangekiyo nolunamandla. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwe-hepatitis B ukumisela.

Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B engundoqo ye-antigen

Uvavanyo lwe-hepatitis B oluphambili lwe-antigen lubonisa ukuba ngaba wosulelwe yi-HBV okwangoku. Iziphumo ezincomekayo zihlala zithetha ukuba une-hepatitis B. ebuhlungu okanye enganyangekiyo isenokuthetha ukuba uyachacha kwi-hepatitis B.

Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B kumphezulu womzimba

Uvavanyo lwe-hepatitis B lomphezulu womzimba lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukungakhuseleki kwi-HBV. Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo luthetha ukuba ukhuselekile kwi-hepatitis B. Zimbini izizathu ezinokubangela uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo. Usenokuba ugonyiwe, okanye unokuba uphinde wachacha kusulelo olubi lwe-HBV kwaye awusosuleli.

Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi

Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi lubalulekile kubantu abane-hepatitis B okanye nasiphi na isifo sesibindi. Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi jonga igazi lakho kwisixa se-enzymes ezenziwe sisibindi sakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-enzyme zesibindi abonisa isibindi esonakalisiweyo okanye esidlamkileyo. Ezi ziphumo zinokukunceda ekuchongeni ukuba leliphi na icandelo lesibindi onokuthi usebenze ngokungaqhelekanga.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo zilungile, unokufuna uvavanyo lwe-hepatitis B, C, okanye olunye usulelo lwesibindi. Iintsholongwane zeHepatitis B kunye no-C zezona zinto zibangela ukonakala kwesibindi kwihlabathi liphela. Uya kufuna kwakhona i-ultrasound yesibindi okanye olunye uvavanyo lokucinga.

Luthini unyango lwe-hepatitis B?

Ukugonywa kwe-Hepatitis B kunye ne-immune globulin

Thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ucinga ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwi-hepatitis B kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezidlulileyo. Ukuba awugonywanga, kunokwenzeka ngokufumana isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B kunye nenaliti ye-HBV immune globulin. Esi sisisombululo sezinto ezichasene ne-HBV.

Unyango ukhetho lwe-hepatitis B

I-hepatitis B ebukhali idla ngokungafuni nyango. Uninzi lwabantu luya koyisa usulelo olunzima ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumla kunye ne-hydration kuya kukunceda ufumane kwakhona.

Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hepatitis B. engapheliyo B. Oku kukunceda ukuba ulwe nentsholongwane. Banokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zesibindi zexesha elizayo.

Unokufuna ukufakelwa kwesibindi ukuba i-hepatitis B yonakalise isibindi sakho. Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuthetha ukuba ugqirha uya kususa isibindi sakho aze athathe indawo yesibindi somnikeli. Uninzi lwabanikeli benxaso luvela kubaxhasi abangasekhoyo.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho kwi-hepatitis B?

Ukuba ne-hepatitis B engapheliyo kubandakanya:

• Usulelo lwe-hepatitis D
• ukusilela kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis)
• ukusilela kwesibindi
• umhlaza wesibindi
• ukufa

Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis D lunokwenzeka kuphela kubantu abane-hepatitis B. I-Hepatitis D ayiqhelekanga e-United States kodwa inokukhokelela kuyo.

Ndingasithintela njani i-hepatitis B?

Isitofu sokugonya se-hepatitis B yeyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo. Ugonyo luyacetyiswa kakhulu. Kuthatha amayeza okugonya amathathu ukugqiba uthotho. La maqela alandelayo kufuneka afumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B:

• Zonke iintsana, ngexesha lokuzalwa
• nabaphi na abantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo abangakhange bagonywe ekuzalweni
• Abantu abadala bonyangwa usulelo olosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo
• abantu abahlala kuseto lwamaziko
• abantu umsebenzi wabo ubenza badibane negazi
• Abantu abane-HIV
• amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda
• abantu abanamaqabane amaninzi ezesondo
• Abasebenzisa iziyobisi ngenaliti
• amalungu osapho abo bane-hepatitis B
• abantu abanezifo ezinganyangekiyo
• abantu abahamba kwiindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu e-hepatitis B

Ngamanye amagama, phantse wonke umntu kufuneka afumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B. Isitofu sokugonya esinexabiso eliphantsi nesikhuselekileyo.

Zikwakho nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HBV. Kuya kufuneka usoloko ubuza amaqabane ezesondo ukuba avavanyelwe i-hepatitis B. Sebenzisa ikhondom okanye idama lamazinyo xa usabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini, kwilungu lobufazi okanye ngomlomo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iziyobisi. Ukuba uhamba kwilizwe liphela, jonga ukuba indawo oya kuyo inesifo esiphezulu se-hepatitis B kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ugonywe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kohambo.