I-Hepatitis C yokunyanga kwinqanaba: Yazi iinyani

Umxholo

• Yintoni omele uyazi nge-hepatitis C
• Unyango kunye namanqanaba onyango e-hepatitis C
• Umbono emva konyango

Ushwankathelo

IHepatitis C (HCV) sisifo esosulelayo esibangela iingxaki ezinzulu empilweni. Kungade kubulale ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle kwaye ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo kwisibindi ube mkhulu kakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, amazinga okunyanga i-HCV ayaphucuka. Iziyobisi ezisandula ukwamkelwa kunye nokwaziswa ngokubanzi kwesi sifo kube negalelo kule meko. Amanye amayeza aqhayisa ngenqanaba lokunyanga elingaphezulu kwama-90 eepesenti.

Oku kuphawula uphuhliso olubalulekileyo nolukhuthazayo kuba amazinga okusweleka ngenxa yeHCV ebesonyuka. Amanqanaba onyango ayaphucuka, kodwa imeko kusafanele ukuba ithathwe ngokungathí sina. Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza xa usazi usulelo olunokwenzeka.

Yintoni omele uyazi nge-hepatitis C

Le ntsholongwane idla ngokusasazwa ngokusebenzisa iinaliti ekwabelwana ngazo ukuze kufakwe iziyobisi. Esi sifo sisifo esihanjiswa ligazi, ngoko ke ukudibana nje nomntu osulelekileyo akunako ukuhambisa intsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa kwindawo yeklinikhi ngenaliti yonyango enesifo.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi elinikelwayo kube semgangathweni ngo-1992, iimveliso zegazi ezingcolileyo zazinoxanduva lokusasazeka kwentsholongwane.

Enye yemingeni enkulu ekuphatheni i-HCV kukuba ingaba kwinkqubo yakho iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele nayiphi na impawu. Ngelo xesha, ukonakala kwesibindi sele kwenzekile. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• umchamo omnyama
• i-jaundice, ukuba mthubi kwesikhumba kunye namhlophe ngamehlo
• intlungu zesisu
• ukudinwa
• isicaphucaphu

Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-HCV, kufuneka uhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu. Nabani na owazalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 kufuneka avavanywe kube kanye. Kuyafana nakubani na okwangoku otofa iziyobisi okanye otofa iziyobisi kube kanye, nokuba yayiyiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Ezinye iindlela zokuhlola zibandakanya abo banentsholongwane kaGawulayo nabathi batofelwa igazi okanye bafakelwa amalungu ngaphambi kukaJulayi 1992.

Unyango kunye namanqanaba onyango e-hepatitis C

Iminyaka emininzi, enye yeendlela zokwenza unyango olusebenzayo yayiyi-interferon yeziyobisi. Eli chiza lifuna inaliti ezininzi kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka. Isilwanyana sivelise iimpawu ezingathandekiyo. Abantu abaninzi abathathe eli chiza beziva ngathi banomkhuhlane emva konyango lwabo. Unyango lwe-Interferon lwalusebenza kuphela, kwaye alunakunikwa abantu abane-HCV ehambele phambili kuba inokuyenzakalisa impilo yabo.

Iyeza lomlomo elibizwa ngokuba yi-ribavirin lalikho ngeli xesha. Eli chiza kwakufuneka lithathwe ngenaliti ye-interferon.

Unyango lwanamhlanje lubandakanya amayeza omlomo anciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuze lisebenze. Omnye wokuqala ukuvela yayiyi-sofosbuvir (Sovaldi). Ngokungafaniyo nolunye unyango lwakwangoko, eli chiza alifunanga ukuba inaliti ye-interferon isebenze.

Ngo-2014, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yavuma isiyobisi esidityanisiweyo esenziwe nge-ledipasvir kunye ne-sofosbuvir (Harvoni). Iyeza lonyango kanye ngosuku kwiklasi yeziyobisi ebizwa ngokuba yi-antivirals esebenza ngokuthe ngqo. La machiza asebenza kwii-enzymes ezinceda intsholongwane yande.

Unyango oluvunyiweyo emva kweHarvoni luyilelwe ukujolisa kubantu abanee-genotypes ezahlukeneyo. I-genotype ingabhekisa kwiseti yemfuza okanye nakwiseli enye.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba amachiza ahlukeneyo asebenza ngakumbi ngokusekwe kwi-genotype yesigulana.

Phakathi kwamachiza avunyiweyo ukusukela ngo-2014 nge-simeprevir (i-Olysio), eza kusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-sofosbuvir, kunye ne-daclatasvir (Daklinza). Elinye ichiza elidityanisiweyo, elenziwe nge-ombitasvir, paritaprevir, kunye ne-ritonavir (Technivie) lalikwasebenza kakhulu kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Ipesenti enye yabantu abathatha i-Technivie abanamava e-enzyme yesibindi. Umsebenzi wesibindi ongaqhelekanga wabonwa ikakhulu kubafazi abathatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa. Amanye amachiza ayafumaneka ngokusekwe kwi-genotype nakwimbali yonyango lwangaphambili.

Inaliti ye-Interferon yayinezinga lokunyanga malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 ukuya kuma-50. Unyango olutsha lweepilisi lunamazinga onyango phantse lweepesenti ezili-100. Kwezilingo zeklinikhi, umzekelo, uHarvoni, uphumelele ngenqanaba lokunyanga malunga neepesenti ezingama-94 emva kweeveki ezili-12. Amanye amachiza kunye namayeza okudibanisa ayenamazinga aphezulu onyango ngelo xesha linye.

Umbono emva konyango

Uthathwa njengophilisiweyo xa uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umzimba wakho ucacile kusulelo. Ukuba ne-HCV akuyongozi impilo yakho kunye nexesha lokuphila. Ungaqhubeka nokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obunempilo emva konyango.

Ukuba intsholongwane ibikwinkqubo yakho iminyaka emininzi, kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu esibindini sakho. Unokuphuhlisa imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-cirrhosis, enesiva esibindini. Ukuba ulusu lukhulu, isibindi sakho asinakho ukusebenza kakuhle. Isibindi sihluza igazi kwaye senze amayeza. Ukuba le misebenzi ithintelwe, unokujongana nemiceli mngeni emikhulu yezempilo, kubandakanya nokusilela kwesibindi.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu kuvavanyo lwe-HCV. Fumana unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba unesi sifo.

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ngelixa ingaqhelekanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde usulelwe yintsholongwane. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba usatofa iziyobisi kwaye ubandakanyeka kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi. Ukuba ufuna ukunqanda ukosuleleka kwakhona, thintela ukwabelana ngenaliti kwaye usebenzise ikhondom neqabane elitsha okanye umntu onokuthi afake iziyobisi ngaphambili.

IHepatitis C iyanyangeka ngoku kunokuba ibinjalo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo othintelo ukugcina okanye ukufikelela kwimpilo entle.