Yintoni i-hypothyroidism ye-congenital, iimpawu kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Izizathu eziphambili
• Unyango lwe-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa

I-hypothyroidism ye-Congenital sisifo sokungasebenzi komzimba apho umntwana engakwazi ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo iihomoni ze-thyroid, i-T3 kunye ne-T4, ezinokuthi zithintele ukukhula komntwana kwaye zibangele utshintsho olusisigxina lwe-neurological ukuba aluchongwanga ngokufanelekileyo kwaye lunyangwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypothyroidism ye-congenital kwenziwa kwiwadi yokubeleka kwaye, ukuba utshintsho kwi-thyroid luchongiwe, unyango luqaliswa kungekudala emva koko ngokutshintshwa kwehomoni ukukhusela iingxaki zomntwana. I-hypothyroidism ye-Congenital ayinanyango, kodwa xa isifo kunye nonyango senziwe kwangethuba, umntwana uyakwazi ukukhula ngesiqhelo.

Iimpawu zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism

Iimpawu zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism zinxulumene namanqanaba asezantsi e-T3 kunye ne-T4 ejikeleza emzimbeni wosana, onokuthi ujongwe:

• Imisipha ye-hypotonia, engqinelana nezihlunu ezinamaphiko kakhulu;
• Ukwanda kwevolumu yolwimi;
• I-hernia eyi-umbilical;
• Ukukhula kwamathambo;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• IBradycardia, ehambelana nokubetha kwentliziyo kancinci;
• Anemia;
• Ukozela kakhulu;
• Kunzima ukondla;
• Ukulibaziseka ekwenziweni kobuqhetseba bokuqala;
• Ulusu olomileyo ngaphandle kokuqina;
• Ukudodobala kwengqondo;
• Ukulibaziseka kuphuhliso lwe-neuronal kunye ne-psychomotor.

Nangona zikhona iimpawu, ziipesenti ezili-10 kuphela zeentsana ezinengxaki yokuzalwa kukuzalwa, kwaye isifo senziwa kwiwadi yokubeleka kunye nonyango lokutshintshwa kwehomoni kuqalwa kwakamsinya emva koko, ukuthintela ukuqala kweempawu.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sokuzalwa se-hypothyroidism kwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuvavanyo lwe-neonatal screening, ngesiqhelo kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwonyawo losana, apho amathontsi egazi aqokelelwa kwisithende somntwana aze athunyelwe elebhu ukuba ivavanywe. Bona ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwesithende.

Ukuba uvavanyo lwesithende lubonisa ukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism, umlinganiso wehomoni T4 kunye ne-TSH kufuneka wenziwe kuvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isifo siqinisekisiwe kwaye unyango luqalisiwe. Olunye uvavanyo lwe-imaging, njenge-ultrasound, i-MRI kunye ne-scintigraphy ye-thyroid, inokusetyenziselwa isifo.

Izizathu eziphambili

I-hypothyroidism ye-Congenital inokubangelwa ziimeko ezininzi, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ukwakheka okungagqitywanga okanye ukungaphelelanga kwe-thyroid gland;
• Ukubunjwa kwindawo engavumelekanga ye-thyroid gland;
• Iziphene kwi-synthesis ye-hormone ye-thyroid;
• Izilonda kwi-pituitary okanye kwi-hypothalamus, ezizidlala ezibini kwingqondo ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa kunye nokulawulwa kwehomoni.

Ngokubanzi, i-hypothyroidism ye-congenital isigxina, nangona kunjalo, okwenzeka okwexeshana kwe-hypothyroidism kunokubakho, kunokubangelwa kukungonelanga okanye ukugqitha kwe-iodine evela kumama okanye usana olusanda kuzalwa okanye ngokudlula kwiplasenta yeziyobisi ze-antithyroid.

I-hypothyroidism yangaphambi kokuzalwa nayo ifuna unyango, kodwa ihlala imisiwe xa ineminyaka emi-3 ubudala, ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo ukuvavanya amanqanaba okujikeleza kwehomoni ye-thyroid kunye nokuba uhlobo kunye nesizathu sesifo sinokuchazwa ngcono.

Unyango lwe-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa

Unyango lwe-hypothyroidism ye-congenital luquka ukubuyisela i-hormone ye-thyroid ebomini ebomini ngokulawulwa komlomo kweyeza, i-Levothyroxine sodium, enokutshatyalaliswa kwinqanaba elincinci lamanzi okanye ubisi lomntwana. Xa isifo kwaye unyango lwenziwe emva kwexesha, iziphumo zokuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism, ezinje ngokudodobala kwengqondo kunye nokudodobala kokukhula, zinokwenzeka.

Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana abe nenqanaba elipheleleyo kunye nesimahla i-T4 kunye ne-TSH amanqanaba abekwe iliso kugqirha wabantwana ukujonga impendulo kunyango. Jonga ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nonyango lwe-hypothyroidism kule vidiyo ilandelayo: