Ngaba isikhohlela esomileyo luphawu lwe-HIV?

Umxholo

• Ukukhohlela owomileyo
• Ngaba zikhona ezinye iimpawu ze-HIV?
• Isasazeka njani i-HIV?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-HIV?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-HIV?
• Yintoni onokuyenza ukuba une-HIV
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo lwe-HIV

Ukuqonda i-HIV

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane ehlasela amajoni omzimba. Ijolise ngokukodwa kwi-subset yeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezaziwa ngokuba zii-T seli. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukonakala kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwenza kube nzima emzimbeni ukuba ulwe usulelo kunye nezinye izifo. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, abantu baphila ne-HIV. Malunga nabantu bafumana unyango lwe-HIV ngo-2015.

Ukuba ayishiywanga inganyangwa, i-HIV inokuqhubela phambili kwi-AIDS, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisigaba 3 se-HIV. Abantu abaninzi abane-HIV abayi kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa inqanaba 3 le-HIV. Kubantu abakwinqanaba lesi-3 le-HIV, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula kosulelo olungenelelayo kunye nomhlaza ukuba uthathe indawo kwaye ukhokelele kwimpilo enkenenkene. Abantu abanenqanaba lesithathu le-HIV kwaye abalufumani unyango ngayo bahlala iminyaka emithathu.

Ukukhohlela owomileyo

Nangona ukukhwehlela okomileyo kuyimpawu eqhelekileyo ye-HIV, ayisosizathu saneleyo sokuxhalaba. Ukukhwehlela okomileyo ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukukhohlela kunokwenzeka ngenxa yesinusitis, i-acid reflux, okanye kwanokuphendula komoya obandayo.

Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhohlokhohlo luyaqhubeka. Banokumisela ukuba ngaba zikhona izizathu ezingunobangela. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba uvavanyo olubanzi, olunokubandakanya i-X-ray yesifuba ukuchonga unobangela. Ukuba unemingcipheko ye-HIV, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-HIV.

Ngaba zikhona ezinye iimpawu ze-HIV?

Ezinye iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zibandakanya:

• Iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ezinje ngomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-100.4 ° F (38 ° C), ukugodola, okanye iintlungu zemisipha
• Ukudumba kweendawo nkovu entanyeni nasekhwapheni
• isicaphucaphu
• ukunciphisa ukutya
• irhashalala entanyeni, ebusweni, okanye esifubeni phezulu
• izilonda

Abanye abantu abanokufumana naziphi na iimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala. Abanye banokufumana uphawu olunye okanye ezimbini.

Njengokuba intsholongwane iqhubeka, amajoni omzimba aba buthathaka. Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• usulelo lwegwele lobufazi
• I-thrush yomlomo, enokubangela ukuba amabala amhlophe athambekele ekubeni buhlungu kunye nokopha
• i-esophageal thrush, enokubangela ubunzima ekuginyeni

Isasazeka njani i-HIV?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo isasazeka kulwelo lomzimba, kubandakanya:

• igazi
• ubisi lwebele
• Ulwelo lobufazi
• ulwelo lwexande
• ulwelo lwangaphambi kwesidoda
• isidoda

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyasasazeka xa olunye lala manzi emzimbeni lungena egazini lakho. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenaliti ethe ngqo, okanye ngekhefu kulusu okanye inwebu yangaphakathi. Inwebu yangaphakathi ifunyenwe ekuvulekeni kwelungu lobudoda, lobufazi, kunye nakwisikali.

Abantu baqhele ukosulela i-HIV ngenye yezi ndlela:

• ukuba neentlobano zesini emlonyeni, kwilungu lobufazi, okanye ezimpundu kungakhuselwanga ziikhondom
• ukwabelana okanye ukusebenzisa kwakhona iinaliti xa utofa iziyobisi okanye ufumana itattoo
• Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka, okanye ukuncancisa (nangona uninzi lwabasetyhini abaphila ne-HIV bekwazi ukuba neentsana ezisempilweni, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokufumana ukhathalelo olulungileyo lwaphambi kokubeleka)

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayikho kumbilo, amathe, okanye umchamo. Awunakho ukuhambisa intsholongwane emntwini ngokumthinta okanye ukubamba umphezulu abawuchukumisileyo.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-HIV?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokuchaphazela nabani na nokuba:

• ubuhlanga
• Ukwaziswa ngezesondo
• ubuhlanga
• ubudala
• isini

Amanye amaqela anobungozi obukhulu bokufumana i-HIV kunamanye.

Oku kubandakanya:

• abantu ababelana ngesondo ngaphandle kweekhondom
• abantu abanesinye isifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STI)
• abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ngenaliti
• amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda

Ukuba kwelinye okanye kula maqela akuthethi ukuba uyakufumana i-HIV. Umngcipheko wakho umiselwa ikakhulu kukuziphatha kwakho.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-HIV?

Ugqirha wakho unokuchonga intsholongwane kaGawulayo kuphela xa kuvavanywa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yindlela yokuvavanywa kwe-immunosorbent edityaniswe ne-enzyme (ELISA). Olu vavanyo luthatha amanyathelo kwiintsholongwane ezikhoyo egazini lakho. Ukuba ngaba ii-antibodies ze-HIV zifunyenwe, ungathatha uvavanyo lwesibini ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezithi unayo. Olu vavanyo lwesibini lubizwa ngokuba yi. Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lwakho lwesibini luza neziphumo ezithi unayo, ugqirha wakho uyakukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba une-HIV.

Kuyenzeka ukuvavanya ukuba awunayo i-HIV emva kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane. Kungenxa yokuba umzimba wakho awuvelisi izilwa-buhlungu kwangoko emva kokuvezwa yintsholongwane. Ukuba uyifumene intsholongwane, ezi ntsholongwane azizukubakho iiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokubhencwa. Eli xesha ngamanye amaxesha libizwa ngokuba "lixesha lefestile." Ukuba ufumana isiphumo esibi kwaye ucinga ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwintsholongwane, kuya kufuneka uphinde uvavanywe kwakhona kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuba une-HIV

Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo luthi unayo i-HIV, unokukhetha. Nangona i-HIV inganyangeki okwangoku, ihlala ilawulwa ngokusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-antiretroviral. Xa uyithatha ngokuchanekileyo, eli yeza linokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho kwaye lithintele ukuqala kwenqanaba 3 le-HIV.

Ukongeza ekuthatheni amayeza akho, kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho rhoqo, kwaye ubazise ngalo naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho. Kuya kufuneka uxelele abantu abathandana nabo bangaphambili ukuba babe ne-HIV.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo lwe-HIV

Abantu ngokubanzi basasaza i-HIV ngokudibana ngokwesondo. Ukuba uyabelana ngesondo, ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana okanye ukusasaza intsholongwane ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Sazi isimo sakho. Ukuba usabelana ngesondo, zivavanye rhoqo i-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs.
• Sazi isimo seqabane lakho le-HIV. Thetha namaqabane akho owabelana nawo ngesondo malunga nenqanaba labo ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya kwisondo.
• Sebenzisa ukhuseleko. Ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ngokuchanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha usabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, ubufazi, okanye ezimpundu kunokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo.
• Cinga ngamaqabane ambalwa owabelana nawo ngesondo. Ukuba unamaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neqabane ne-HIV okanye enye i-STI. Oku kunganyusa umngcipheko wakho wokosulelwa yi-HIV.
• Thatha i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). I-PrEP iza ngokohlobo lwepilisi yemihla ngemihla ye-antiretroviral. Wonke umntu osemngciphekweni we-HIV kufuneka awathathe la mayeza, ngokwesindululo esivela kwi-US Preventive Services Task Force.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uvelelwe yi-HIV, ungacela ugqirha wakho nge-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). La mayeza anganciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane emva kokubhengeza.Iziphumo ezilungileyo, kufuneka uzisebenzise ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-72 zokuvezwa.