Ixesha leempawu ze-HIV

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zexesha
• Iimpawu zokuqala kwi-HIV ephambili
• Ukunqongophala kweempawu kwinqanaba lokuqala
• Ukubambezeleka kubangela ukuqhawuka kweempawu
• HIV enganyangekiyo
• Isifo sikagawulayo sisigaba sokugqibela

Yintoni i-HIV?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane eyonakalisa amajoni omzimba. Okwangoku akukho unyango lwayo, kodwa lukhona unyango olufumanekayo ukunciphisa iziphumo zalo kubomi babantu.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, nje ukuba usuleleko lwe-HIV lubambe, intsholongwane ihlala emzimbeni ubomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nento enokwenzeka kusulelo ngezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane, iimpawu ze-HIV aziveli ngequbuliso kwaye ziphakame ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba asishiywanga singanyangwa, esi sifo siqhubeka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokwamanqanaba amathathu, inye ineseti yeempawu ezinokubakho kunye neengxaki- ezinye zinzima.

Unyango rhoqo lwe-antiretroviral lunokunciphisa i-HIV kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo egazini. Kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo, intsholongwane ayizukuqhubela phambili kumanqanaba okugqibela osulelo lwe-HIV. Ukongeza, intsholongwane ayinakugqithiselwa kwiqabane ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Iimpawu zexesha

Iimpawu zokuqala kwi-HIV ephambili

Inqanaba lokuqala eliqaphelekayo lusulelo lokuqala lwe-HIV. Eli nqanaba likwabizwa ngokuba yi-acute retroviral syndrome (i-ARS), okanye usulelo olubi lwe-HIV. Kuba usulelo lwe-HIV kweli nqanaba ludla ngokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu okweli nqanaba acinge ukuba iimpawu zakhe zibangelwe ngumkhuhlane oqatha kune-HIV. Umkhuhlane yeyona mpawu ixhaphakileyo.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• umqala obuhkungu
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• Ukugodola
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• Ukukhawuleza kwe-truncal maculopapular

Ngokuka, iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zinokubonisa iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kokuvezwa kokuqala. Iimpawu zingaqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokubonisa iimpawu kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Abantu abane-HIV kwangoko ngamanye amaxesha ababonakalisi zimpawu, kodwa basenokudlulisela intsholongwane kwabanye. Oku kubangelwa kukuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane okungathintelwanga okwenzeka kwiiveki zokuqala emva kokufumana intsholongwane.

Ukunqongophala kweempawu kwinqanaba lokuqala

I-ARS iqhelekile nje ukuba umntu abe ne-HIV. Sekunjalo, oku akunjalo kuwo wonke umntu. Abanye abantu bane-HIV iminyaka phambi kokuba bazi ukuba banayo. Ngokwe-HIV.gov, iimpawu ze-HIV azinakubonakala kwiminyaka elishumi okanye nangaphezulu. Oku akuthethi ukuba iimeko ze-HIV ngaphandle kweempawu azinzulu kangako. Kwakhona, umntu ongenazo iimpawu usenokudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye.

Iimpawu kwi-HIV kwangoko zihlala zivela ukuba inqanaba lokutshatyalaliswa kweseli liphezulu. Ukungabinazo iimpawu kunokuthetha ukuba azikho kangako iiseli ze-CD4, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi, ezibulawa kwangoko kwesi sifo. Nangona umntu engenazimpawu, usenayo intsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwe-HIV kubalulekile ukuthintela ukosulela. Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesibalo se-CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane.

Ukubambezeleka kubangela ukuqhawuka kweempawu

Emva kokubhencwa kokuqala kunye nosulelo olusisiseko olunokwenzeka, i-HIV inokutshintsha iye kwinqanaba elibizwa ngokuba lusulelo olusebenzayo lwezonyango. Ikwabhekiswa njengosulelo lwe-HIV olungenakubonwa ngenxa yokunqongophala okubonakalayo kweempawu. Oku kusilela kweempawu kubandakanya ukubakho kweempawu ezingapheliyo.

Ngokwe-HIV.gov, ukubambezeleka kusulelo lwe-HIV kunokuhlala iminyaka eli-10 okanye eli-15. Oku akuthethi ukuba i-HIV ihambile, kwaye ayithethi ukuba intsholongwane ayinakugqithiselwa kwabanye. Usulelo olusebenzayo lwezonyango lunokuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lesithathu nelokugqibela le-HIV, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-AIDS.

Umngcipheko wokuqhubela phambili uphezulu ukuba umntu one-HIV akalufumani unyango, njengonyango lwe-antiretroviral. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza amiselweyo kuwo onke amabakala e-HIV-nokuba akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo. Kukho amayeza aliqela asetyenziselwa unyango lwe-HIV.

HIV enganyangekiyo

Emva kokosuleleka kakhulu, i-HIV ithathwa njengehlala ihleli. Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifo siyaqhubeka. Iimpawu ze-HIV engapheliyo ziyahluka. Kunokubakho ixesha elide xa intsholongwane ikhona kodwa iimpawu zincinci.

Kwizigaba eziphambili ze-HIV engapheliyo, iimpawu zinokuba nzima kakhulu kunokuba zikwi-ARS. Abantu abane-HIV ehambele phambili nengapheliyo banokufumana iziqendu ze:

• ukukhwehlela okanye ukuphefumla ubunzima
• ukuhla ukusinda
• urhudo
• ukudinwa
• umkhuhlane ophezulu

Isifo sikagawulayo sisigaba sokugqibela

Ukulawula i-HIV ngamayeza kubalulekile ekugcinweni komgangatho wobomi nasekuncedeni ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Inqanaba 3 Intsholongwane kaGawulayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-AIDS, ikhula xa i-HIV iwenze buthathaka kakhulu amajoni omzimba.

Ngokwe-CDC yeSizwe yeNgcaciso yeNethiwekhi yeNethiwekhi, amanqanaba e-CD4 abonisa into yokuba i-HIV iqhubele phambili ukuya kwinqanaba layo lokugqibela. Amanqanaba e-CD4 ancipha ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 nge-cubic millimeter nganye (mm³) yegazi ithathwa njengophawu lwe-AIDS. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo luqwalaselwa kwi-500 ukuya kwi-1,600 yeeseli / mm³.

UGAWULAYO ​​unokufunyaniswa kuvavanyo lwegazi ukulinganisa i-CD4. Ngamanye amaxesha ikwagqitywa ngokulula yimpilo yomntu iyonke. Ngokukodwa, usulelo olunqabileyo kubantu abangenayo i-HIV lunokubonisa i-AIDS. Iimpawu zikaGawulayo zibandakanya:

• Ukuqhubeka kwemikhuhlane ephezulu engaphezulu kwe-100 ° F (37.8 ° C)
• Ukugodola kakhulu nokubila ebusuku
• amabala amhlophe emlonyeni
• izilonda zangasese okanye ezimpundu
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• irhashalala enokuba mdaka, bomvu, mfusa, okanye pinki ngombala
• iingxaki zokukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla rhoqo
• ukuncipha komzimba
• intloko eqhubekayo
• iingxaki zememori
• ukukrala kwemiphunga

Isifo sikagawulayo sisigaba sokugqibela se-HIV. Ngokwe-AIDSinfo, kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eli-10 ngaphandle konyango kubantu abaninzi abane-HIV ukuba babe ne-AIDS.

Ngelo xesha, umzimba unokuchaphazeleka kuluhlu olubanzi losulelo kwaye awunako ukulwa nawo ngokufanelekileyo. Ungenelelo lwezonyango luyimfuneko ukunyanga izifo ezinxulumene noGawulayo okanye iingxaki ezinokubulala. Ngaphandle konyango, i-CDC iqikelela ukuba izinga lokusinda eliphakathi liyiminyaka emithathu xa i-AIDS ifunyenwe. Kuxhomekeka kubuzaza bemeko yabo, imbonakalo yomntu inokuba mfutshane kakhulu.

Isitshixo sokuphila ne-HIV kukuqhubeka nokubona umboneleli wezempilo kunyango oluqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziya zisiba mandundu zizizathu ezaneleyo zokundwendwela enye ngokukhawuleza. Kukwabalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-HIV iwuchaphazela njani umzimba.