Usebenza Njani uStrogu?

Umxholo

• Kuyintoni ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu?
• Kutheni Umele Ufune Umntu Obambeleyo?
• Ufumana njani uMfazi ongena kwelinye ilizwe?
• Ingaba Ijongeka Njani Imithetho emalunga nokuQalwa kweMbele?
• Ikhulelwa Njani I-Surroge?
• Zithini iindleko zoMzali?
• Unokwenza Njani Ukuba NguMbathile?
• Iimpembelelo zeMpilo yengqondo ye-Surrogacy
• Uphengululo lwe

UKim Kardashian uyenzile. Ngokunjalo noGabrielle Union. Kwaye ngoku, uLance Bass uyayenza nayo.

Kodwa ngaphandle koluhlu lwayo oluluhlu kunye nexabiso elinokubaluleka, i-surrogacy ayisiyiyo yeenkwenkwezi kuphela. Iintsapho zijikela kobu buchule bokuzala benkampani yesithathu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo-ukanti ukuzala ngokwesivumelwano kuhlala kuyinto eyimfihlakalo kwabo bangayilandelanga.

Kodwa, njani, ngokusebenza ngokwesivumelwano? Ngaphambili, iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo enxulumene nokuzalelwa kwakho ngokwesivumelwano, ngokweengcali.

Kuyintoni ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu?

"I-surrogacy ligama eliqhelekileyo lelungiselelo phakathi kwamaqela amabini: I-surrogate iyavuma ukuthwala ukukhulelwa kwabazali abajoliswe kuyo okanye umzali. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-surrogacy: i-gystational surrogacy kunye ne-surrogacy yendabuko," kusho uBarry Witt, MD, umlawuli wezonyango WIN Ukuchuma.

Ugqirha Witt uthi:

Kwelinye icala, "ukumitha umntwana ngokwesiko kulapho kusetyenziswa khona amaqanda omntu omthatheyo ngokwesivumelwano, ukumenza ukuba abe ngumama womntwana. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokudlulisa umntu ophethe isidoda kutata (okanye umniki wesidoda) emva koko okhulelweyo, kwaye UGqr. Witt uthi.

Kodwa ukubambela umntwana ngokwesiko kukungaqheleki ngo-2021, ngokukaGqirha Witt. "[Kungoku] isenziwa kunqabile kakhulu kuba intsonkothile, ngokusemthethweni nasemphefumlweni," uyacacisa. "Ekubeni umama wezofuzo kunye nomama ozalayo bafana, imeko esemthethweni yomntwana inzima kakhulu ukucacisa kunokuba kwimeko ye-gestational surrogacy apho iqanda livela kumzali ocetywayo." (Inxulumene: Yintoni i-Ob-Gyns enqwenela ukuba abantu basetyhini bazi malunga nokuchuma kwabo)

Ingxaki kukuba xa uva malunga nokuzalelwa (nokuba kunjalo kwimeko kaKim Kardashian okanye ummelwane wakho) kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungamelana nogonyo.

Kutheni Umele Ufune Umntu Obambeleyo?

Into yokuqala yokuqala: Yiyeke le ngcamango yokuba ukumela umntwana ngokugqithileyo kumalunga nokunethezeka. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezenza ukuba oku kube yinkqubo efanelekileyo yonyango. (Idibeneyo: Yintoni ukungabikho komntwana wesibini, kwaye Yintoni ongayenza ngayo?)

Abantu balandela i-surrogacy ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesibeleko (nokuba kungowasetyhini webhayoloji owayene-hysterectomy okanye umntu owabelwa indoda ekuzalweni) okanye imbali yotyando lwesibeleko (umz. ukucima isibeleko emva kokuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukukhupha isisu), kuchaza uSheeva Talebian, MD, i-endocrinologist yokuzala kwi-CCRM Fertility kwisixeko saseNew York. Ezinye izizathu zokuzalelwa kwelinye umntwana? Xa umntu ebekhe wafumana ubunzima bokukhulelwa okunobunzima okanye obunobungozi obukhulu, ukuphuphuma kwesisu okungachazwanga, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwemijikelo ye-IVF; kwaye, kunjalo, ukuba isibini sesini esinye okanye umntu ongatshatanga ongakwaziyo ukuthwala usukela ubuzali.

Ufumana njani uMfazi ongena kwelinye ilizwe?

Amabali omhlobo okanye ilungu losapho lokuvolontiya ukuthwala umntwana amthandayo? Ayizizo nje izinto zeemovie okanye iintloko zentsholongwane. Amanye amalungiselelo e-surrogacy, eneneni, aphathwa ngokuzimeleyo, ngokutsho kukaJanene Oleaga, Esq., igqwetha elincedisayo leteknoloji yokuzala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, iintsapho zisebenzisa i-arhente ye-surrogacy ukufumana umthwali.

Ngelixa inkqubo inokwahluka ukusuka kwi-arhente enye ukuya kwelinye, kwi-Circle Surrogacy, umzekelo, "amaqela ahambelanayo kunye nasemthethweni asebenza kunye ukuze anqume olona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuthelekisa olusekwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo," utshilo uJen Rachman, LCSW, iqabane lokufikelela kwi-Circle. Umfazi omnye. Oku kubandakanya ilizwe ahlala kulo umntu omele umntwana, nokuba unayo i-inshurensi, kunye nokukhetha okufanayo kubo bobabini abazali ekujongwe kubo nakwisivumelwano, uyachaza. Wakuba nje ufunyenwe umdlalo, kuya kutshintshwa iiprofayili zabazali ekujoliswe kubo kunye nabalingane (kungekho lwazi luchazayo) luya kutshintshwa. Ukuba omabini amaqela abonakalisa umdla, iSangqa silungiselela umnxeba womdlalo (ngokuqhelekileyo umnxeba wevidiyo) kunye ukuze lowo ubambeleyo kunye nabo bafune abazali sazaneni."

Kwaye ukuba omabini la maqela ayavuma ukulandela umdlalo, inkqubo ayipheli apho. "Ugqirha we-IVF uhlola i-surrogates emva komdlalo," utshilo uRachman. "Ukuba nangasiphina isizathu, umntu obambeleyo akaluphumeleli uvavanyo lwezonyango (into leyo inqabileyo), isangqa sokuzalelwa kwabafazi siveza umdlalo omtsha ngaphandle kwentlawulo." (Idibeneyo: Ngaba kufuneka uvavanywe ukuchuma ngaphambi kokuCinga ngokuba nabantwana?)

Ngokubanzi, "umntu olindelekileyo uza kudibana nengcali yenzala ukuze enze iimviwo ezithile zokuvavanya ingaphakathi lesibeleko (ngesiqhelo isonogram ese-ofisini), ukuhanjiswa kwetyala (ukuhanjiswa kombungu okumbumbulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-catheter ingafakwa kakuhle ), kunye ne-transvaginal ultrasound ukuvavanya ubume besibeleko kunye namaqanda, utshilo uGqirha Talebian. "Umntu obambeleyo uzakufuna iPap smear ehlaziyiweyo kwaye ukuba ungaphaya kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, [a] isisu sokuncancisa. Uyakudibana kwakhona nalowo uzakubelekisa oza kulawula ukukhulelwa kwakhe." Ngelixa ukuvavanywa kwezonyango kuqhubeka, kwenziwa ikhontrakthi yezomthetho kubo bobabini abantu ukuba batyikitye.

Ingaba Ijongeka Njani Imithetho emalunga nokuQalwa kweMbele?

Ewe, oko kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

"[Kukho umahluko omangalisayo] ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente," utshilo u-Oleaga. "Umzekelo, eLouisiana, ukumela umntu obambeleyo [okuthetha ukuba ubhatala umntu obambeleyo] akuvumelekanga konke konke. ENew York, ukubuyekezwa kokukhulelwa kwakungekho semthethweni de kwaba nguFebruwari odlulileyo. Ukuba ulandela imigaqo ingaphezulu kwebhodi kwaye iyonke ngokusemthethweni, kodwa yindlela amazwe ahluka ngayo. "

Izibonelelo ezifana neQela lobuGcisa loMthetho le-American Society for Reproductive Medicine (LPG) kunye neFamily Inceptions, inkonzo yokuzala, zombini zibonelela ngocalucalulo olubanzi lwemithetho yangoku ye-surrogacy yamazwe kwiiwebhusayithi zabo. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuya phesheya ukuze ufumane i-surrogacy, uyakufuna kwakhona ukufunda malunga nezigqibo zesizwe malunga ne-surrogacy yamazwe ngamazwe kwiwebhusayithi yeSebe leSizwe laseMelika.

Ewe ewe, iinkcukacha zomthetho wokuzalelwa kwabasetyhini zintsonkothe ​​ngendlela emangalisayo-abazali ekujongwe ukuba bayenze njani le nto? U-Oleaga ucebisa ukuba adibane ne-arhente kwaye mhlawumbi afune ukubonisana simahla kwezomthetho nomntu owenza umthetho wosapho ukuze afunde ngakumbi. Ezinye iinkonzo, ezinje ngeFamily Inceptions, nazo zinenketho kwiwebhusayithi yazo ukuze ziqhagamshelane neqela leenkonzo zomthetho zombutho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo ukunceda abazali bangomso abanokuthi baqalise. Into ekufuneka ikhunjulwe, nangona kunjalo, kukuba bobabini abazali ekujongwe kubo kunye nomntu ogqwethayo bafuna ukumelwa ngokwasemthethweni ukuze baqhubeke nenkqubo yokufaka umbungu kwisibeleko sommeleli. Oku kuthintela iimeko ezibuhlungu ekudlaleni ezantsi emgceni.

"Kudala, wonke umntu esoyika ukuba umntu oza kumela umntwana [wayezokutshintsha] ingqondo yakhe. Ndicinga ukuba amazwe amaninzi anayo le mithetho ngesizathu," utshilo u-Oleaga. "[Njengomntu obambeleyo], utyikitya umyalelo wangaphambi kokuzalwa usithi 'andingomzali ekujongwe kuye,' ekufuneka inike abazali [ekujongwe kubo] uluvo oluthile lokhuseleko besazi ukuba amalungelo abo asemthethweni njengabazali ayamkelwa lo gama usana lusekhona esibelekweni." Kodwa, kwakhona, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Amazwe amaninzi enza njalo hayi vumela ii-odolo zaphambi kokuzalwa ngelixa abanye bevumela ii-odolo zasemva kokuzalwa (ezifanayo ngokufanayo neqabane labo "langaphambili" kodwa zifumaneka kuphela emva kokubeleka). Kwaye kwamanye amazwe, indlela onokuthi uwakhusele ngayo amalungelo akho obuzali (i-pre-birth order, i-post-birth order, okanye i-post-birth adoption) ixhomekeke kwisimo sakho somtshato kwaye nokuba uyinxalenye ye-hetero- okanye isini esingqingiliyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokweLPG.

Ikhulelwa Njani I-Surroge?

Ngokusisiseko, i-gestational surrogacy isebenzisa i-in vitro fertilization; amaqanda ayavunwa ngotyando (akhutshwe) kumnikeli okanye kumzali ekujongwe kuye kwaye achunyiswe kwilabhoratri ye-IVF. Phambi kokuba iimbumba zingeniswe kwisibeleko somphathi okhulelweyo, kufuneka "kulungiselelwe ngokwezonyango ukufumana umbungu ukuze ufakwe," utshilo uGqirha Witt.

"[Oku] ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iyeza elicinezela i-ovulation (ngoko [aka]khuphi iqanda lakhe ngexesha lomjikelo), elandelwa yi-estrogen ethathwa malunga neeveki ezimbini ukwenza i-uterine lining ityebe," uyachaza. Xa ulwenja lwesibeleko lungqindilili ngokwaneleyo [umthwali wokukhulelwa] uthatha iprogesterone, ethi ivuthe ucweyo ukuze ikwazi ukwamkeleka kwimbumba ebekwe esibelekweni emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zeprogesterone. ihamba inyanga nenyanga kwabasetyhini abasexesheni. " (Idibeneyo: Ngokuchanekileyo njani amaNqanaba akho eHormone atshintsha ngexesha lokukhulelwa)

"Kwiimeko ezininzi, abazali abacetywayo benza uvavanyo lwemfuza kwiimbumba ukuze bakhethe iimbumba ezinamanani aqhelekileyo e-chromosome ukwenzela ukwandisa amathuba okusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu ngexesha lokukhulelwa," wongezelela uDkt Witt.

Zithini iindleko zoMzali?

Isilumkiso seSpoiler: Amanani anokuba phezulu ngokumangalisayo. "Inkqubo inokuthintela iindleko kwabaninzi," utshilo uGqirha Talebian. "Iindleko ze-IVF zinokuhluka kodwa ubuncinci malunga ne-$ 15,000 kwaye inokunyuka ukuya kwi-$ 50,000 ukuba amaqanda abanikeli nawo ayafuneka." (Izinto eziNxulumeneyo: Ngaba Iindleko eziPhezulu ze-IVF zabasetyhini eMelika ziyimfuneko ngokwenene?)

Ukongeza kwiindleko ze-IVF, uGqr Talebian uxela ukuba kukho iarhente kunye neefizi zomthetho. Kulabo basebenzisa amaqanda abanikeli, kukho indleko ezinxulumene noko, kunye nabazali ekujongwe kubo bahlawula zonke iindleko zonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, kukho intlawulo ye-surrogate, enokwahluka ngokusekwe kwimeko ahlala kuyo, nokuba banayo i-inshurensi, kunye ne-arhente abasebenza nayo kunye nemirhumo ebekiweyo, ngokutsho kwe-Circle Surrogacy. Njengoko sele kutshiwo apha ngasentla, amanye amazwe awavumeli amanye ama-surrogators ukuba ahlawulwe. Kwabo benzayo, nangona kunjalo, iifizi zokuzalela umntu omnye zivela kwi- $ 25,000 ukuya kwi- $ 50,000, utshilo uRachman- kwaye naphambi kokuba uthathe inxaxheba kwimbuyekezo yomvuzo olahlekileyo (ixesha elithathiweyo lokuqeshwa, ukuhanjiswa emva kwexesha, njl.njl.) xa usiya, usithi, idinga), uhambo (cinga: ukuya nokubuya kwidinga lonyango, ukuhanjiswa, ukutyelela umntu obambeleyo, njl. njl.), kunye nezinye iindleko.

Ukuba uqikelele ukuba konke kudibanisa nesixa esikhulu, ulungile. (Idibeneyo: Iindleko eziPhakamileyo zokungabikho komntwana: Abafazi basengozini yokuchithwa koMntwana)

"Inkqubo yokuzalela umntu omnye [isonke] inokusuka kwi-75,000 yeedola ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100, 000," utshilo uGqirha Talebian. "Ezinye i-inshurensi ezibonelela ngezibonelelo zokuchuma zinokugubungela imiba eyahlukeneyo yale nkqubo, zinciphise iindleko eziphuma epokothweni." Oko kuthethiweyo, ukuba i-surrogacy yeyona ndlela iyimfuneko kwaye ingcono, abantu ngabanye bangakwazi ukufumana uncedo lwezemali ngeegranti okanye iimali-mboleko kwimibutho efana neGift of Parenthood. (Unokufumana uluhlu lwemibutho enika la mathuba kunye neenkqubo zazo zesicelo kwi-intanethi, ezinjengeewebhusayithi zeenkonzo zokuzala.) "Ndiyabazi abantu abadale amaphepha eGoFundMe ukunceda ukuqokelela imali kwinkqubo," wongeza uGqr. Talebian.

Kukho umahluko omkhulu ojikeleze into eyiyo kwaye engagutyungelwanga yi-inshurensi yakho, nangona kunjalo, ngokukaRachman. Ukufunda kuhlala kuncinci kwaye iindleko ezininzi ziphumile epokothweni. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ukuba yintoni na eyakukhutshelwa nengayi kugutyungelwa kukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ne-arhente yeinshorensi enokukucalula oku.

Unokwenza Njani Ukuba NguMbathile?

Isinyathelo sokuqala kukugcwalisa isicelo kunye ne-arhente yokuzimela, onokuyifumana kwiwebhusayithi ye-arhente.Abaphindi kufuneka babe phakathi kweminyaka engama-21 nengama-40 ubudala, babe ne-BMI engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-32, kwaye bazale umntwana omnye ubuncinci (ngoko ke oogqirha banokuqinisekisa ukuba abo bameleneyo bayakwazi ukukhulelwa okusempilweni ukuya kuthi ga), ngokukaGqirha Talebian. Ukwathi umntu obambeleyo akufuneki ancancise okanye abe nokuhambisa okungaphezulu kwesihlanu okanye ngaphezulu kwamacandelo amabini e-C; Kuya kufuneka ukuba babe nokukhulelwa okungaqondakaliyo kwangaphambili, imbali engekho ngaphezulu kokukhulelwa komzimba, babe sempilweni entle, kwaye baphephe ukutshaya kunye neziyobisi.

Iimpembelelo zeMpilo yengqondo ye-Surrogacy

Kwaye ngelixa kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza malunga nemvakalelo yokuthwala umntwana ongayi kumkhulisa, iingcali zinamagama aqinisekisayo.

UGqr. Witt uthi: “Abanye abantu abaninzi baye banikela ingxelo yokuba abanalo ulwalamano olufana nolo baye baluhlakulela xa babekhulelwe nabantwana babo yaye oku kufana nqwa nokugada umntwana ngokunzulu. "Abaphumeleleyo bafumana uvuyo olungathethekiyo ekukwazini kwabo ukunceda abazali bafezekise iinjongo zabo zosapho kwaye bazi kwasekuqaleni ukuba umntwana ayingowabo. (Idibeneyo: Ndifunde njani ukuThemba uMzimba wam kwakhona emva kokutshata)

Ngelixa inkxaso ekhoyo ye-surrogates ixhomekeke kwi-arhente, "bonke abangeneleli kwinkqubo yethu baqhagamshelwe kunontlalontle ojongana ne-surrogate rhoqo ngenyanga ukuze abone ukuba wenza njani / uziva njani kwi-surrogacy," utshilo uSolveig Gramann. , umlawuli weenkonzo zokumkela umntu ngokwesondo kwi-Circle Surrogacy. "Unontlalontle oxhasayo uya kuhlala enxibelelana ne-surrogate ade abe neenyanga ezimbini emva kokubeleka ukuze aqinisekise ukuba uhlengahlengisa kakuhle ubomi bakhe, kodwa siyafumaneka ukuba sihlale namaqabane abambeleyo ixesha elide kunoko ukuba bafuna inkxaso (umzekelo, ubenonikezelo olunzima okanye amava emva kokubeleka kwaye ufuna ukuqhubeka nokujonga kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kokuziswa).

Kwaye malunga nabazali ekujoliswe kubo, uRachman ulumkisa ukuba ingayinkqubo ende enokuthi ivelise iimvakalelo ezinzima, ngakumbi kumntu osele efumene ubudlolo okanye ilahleko. Ngokwesiqhelo, abazali ekujoliswe kubo bayakufumana iiseshoni zokufumana iingcebiso kwiklinikhi yabo ye-IVF ukuqinisekisa ukuba bacinge ngezicwangciso zabo zokuzalela umntwana kwaye bakwiphepha elinye nelokumelwa umntwana wabo, "utshilo. (Edibeneyo: UKatrina Scott unika abaFundi bakhe ukuJonga okuKrwada kokungachumi okuSwelekayo okuKhangeleka kunjalo)

"Ndiyabakhuthaza abazali ekujongwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekuthini bakulungele ngokwasemphefumlweni nangokwezimali ukuqhubela phambili ngokuzimela," utshilo uRachman. "Le nkqubo yi-marathon, kungekhona i-sprint, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uzive ulungele ukuthatha loo nto. Ukuba ulungele ukuvula intliziyo yakho kule nkqubo, ingaba yinto emangalisayo kwaye inomvuzo."

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