Unokuzalwa Kamsinya Njani Ngokukhuselekileyo?

Umxholo

• Kukhuseleke nini ukubeleka?
• Yeyiphi iveki yokuqala onokuyihambisa ngokukhuselekileyo?
• Uninzi lwabantwana luzalwa nini?
• Zintoni izizathu kunye nemingcipheko yokuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha?
• Izinto zokwazi malunga neNICU
• Uthintela njani ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha?
• Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
• Ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Emva kokubeleka
• Yise kude

Ukuphela kwekota yesithathu yokukhulelwa kuhlala kugcwele ukonwaba kunye noxinzelelo lokufika komntwana. Isenokuba kukungonwabi ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokutsala ngokwasemphefumlweni.

Ukuba ukweli nqanaba lokukhulelwa ngoku, usenokuba namaqatha okudumba, ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwisisu sakho esisezantsi kunye nesinqe, kunye nokujikeleza iingcinga, ezinje, ndiya kuzala nini?

Ngexesha lokufikelela kwiiveki ezingama-37, ukungeniswa kwabasebenzi kunokubonakala njengesipho esihle esivela kwindalo iphela, kodwa abaphandi bacebisa ukuba ulinde de kube lixesha elipheleleyo umntwana wakho, ngaphandle kokuba kukho iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo kuwe okanye kusana lwakho.

Kukhuseleke nini ukubeleka?

Ukukhulelwa ngokusisigxina ziiveki ezingama-40 ubude. Nangona abasebenzi bezempilo bebecinga ukuba "ixesha" lisukela kwiveki yama-37 ukuya kwiveki yama-42, ezo veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba zingakhathalelwa.

Kukweli xesha lokugqibela apho umzimba wakho wenza amalungiselelo okugqibela okuzala, ngelixa umntwana wakho egqibezela ukukhula kwamalungu ayimfuneko (njengengqondo nemiphunga) kwaye efikelela kubunzima bokuzalwa obunempilo.

Umngcipheko weengxaki zokuzalwa komntwana usezantsi kakhulu ekukhulelweni okungaqondakaliyo okuhanjiswa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-39 nama-41.

Ukunika umntwana wakho isiqalo esisempilweni, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unomonde. Ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi ngaphambi kweveki ye-39 kunokubangela umngcipheko wempilo okwexeshana kunye nexesha elide kusana. Ukuhanjiswa okwenzeka ngeveki yama-41 okanye kamva kunokuba nako ukunyuka kweengxaki.

Akukho babini bafazi - akukho bakhulelweyo babini - bayafana. Ezinye iintsana ziya kuthi zifike kwangethuba ngokwendalo, ezinye zihambe kade, ngaphandle kwengxaki ezinkulu.

I-American College ye-Obstetricians kunye ne-Gynecologists ibeka ukuhanjiswa kwiveki ye-37 ukuya kwe-42 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ixesha lokuqala: Iiveki ezingama-37 ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-38, iintsuku ezi-6
• Ixesha elipheleleyoIiveki ezingama-39 ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-40, iintsuku ezi-6
• Ixesha elizayo: Iiveki ezingama-41 ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-41, iintsuku ezi-6
• Emva kwexesha: Iiveki ezingama-42 nangaphaya

Yeyiphi iveki yokuqala onokuyihambisa ngokukhuselekileyo?

Ukuzalwa komntwana wakho kwangethuba, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba kube semngciphekweni kakhulu empilweni nasekusindeni.

Ukuba uzalwe ngaphambi kweveki yama-37, umntwana wakho uthathwa ngokuba "ngumntwana wokuqala" okanye "umntwana ngaphambi kwexesha". Ukuba uzalwe ngaphambi kweveki yama-28, usana lwakho luthathwa ngokuba “luphambi kwexesha kakhulu.”

Iintsana ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-25 zinethuba eliphantsi kakhulu lokusinda ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kwe-neurodevelopmental. Iintsana ezihanjiswa phambi kweveki yama-23 zinepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 kuphela zamathuba okusinda.

Kule mihla, iintsana zokuqala kunye neentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zinesibonelelo senkqubela phambili yezonyango ukunceda ukuxhasa ukukhula okuqhubekekayo kwamalungu de inqanaba labo lempilo lilingane nelekota.

Ukuba uyazi ukuba uya kuba nokuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha, ungasebenza nonyango lwakho ukwenza isicwangciso sokhathalelo wena nosana lwakho eniza kulifumana. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe ngokuphandle nogqirha okanye umbelekisi wakho ukuze ufunde ngazo zonke iingozi ezinokubakho.

Esinye sezona zizathu zibalulekileyo ufuna ukufikelela kwikota epheleleyo ekukhulelweni kukuqinisekisa ukukhula okupheleleyo kwemiphunga yomntwana.

Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto ezinxulumene nomama, usana, kunye ne-placenta eziya kufuna ugqirha, ugqirha, okanye umbelekisi ukuba alinganise umngcipheko onxulumene nokufikelela ixesha elipheleleyo ngokuchasene nokufumana ukukhula okupheleleyo kwemiphunga.

Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya i-placenta previa, i-cearean yangaphambili okanye i-myomectomy, i-preeclampsia, amawele okanye amawele amathathu, uxinzelelo lwegazi olunganyangekiyo, isifo seswekile kunye ne-HIV.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kweeveki ezingama-39 kuyimfuneko. Ukuba uya emsebenzini ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo ucebisa ukufakwa emsebenzini, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube namava aqinisekileyo, asempilweni.

Uninzi lwabantwana luzalwa nini?

Ngokuka, uninzi lwabantwana luzalwa ixesha elipheleleyo. Ukucaciswa:

• Iipesenti ezingama-57.5 kuko konke ukuzalwa okurekhodiweyo kwenzeka phakathi kweeveki ezingama-39 nama-41.
• Iipesenti ezingama-26 zokuzalwa zenzeka kwiiveki ezingama-37 ukuya kuma-38.
• Phantse iipesenti ezisi-7 zokuzalwa zenzeka kwiiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-36
• Phantse iipesenti ezingama-6.5 zokuzalwa zenzeka ngeveki yama-41 okanye kamva
• Phantse iipesenti ezi-3 zokuzalwa zenzeka ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-34 zokukhulelwa.

Abanye abantu basetyhini bafumana amava okuqala okuqala (ukuhanjiswa kabini okanye nangaphezulu phambi kweeveki ezingama-37).

Njengokuba umntwana owandulelayo ngaphambi kokuba abe nayo kukuba abe nolunye umntwana ngaphambi kwexesha, abasetyhini abanonikezelo lwangaphambi kwexesha lokuhamba kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nolunye uhambiso lwasemva kwexesha.

Amathuba okuba ukwanda emva kwexesha lokuzalwa ukuba ungumama wokuqala, ukuba nomntwana oyinkwenkwe, okanye otyebileyo (i-BMI enkulu kunama-30).

Zintoni izizathu kunye nemingcipheko yokuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha?

Uninzi lwexesha, unobangela wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha uhlala ungaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, abasetyhini abanembali yeswekile, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi kunye nezizathu zibandakanya:

• ukhulelwe abantwana abaninzi
• ukopha ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• ukusebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa
• ukufumana usulelo lomchamo
• ukutshaya icuba
• ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokukhulelwa kwangaphambili
• ukuba nesibeleko esingaqhelekanga
• ukuphuhlisa usulelo lwe-membrane ye-amniotic
• ukungatyi ukutya okusempilweni ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa
• umlomo wesibeleko obuthathaka
• Imbali yokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo
• ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukuba noxinzelelo olukhulu kakhulu

Kukho imingcipheko emininzi yempilo yabantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Imiba emikhulu esongela ubomi, njengokuphuma kwegazi kwingqondo okanye emiphungeni, patent ductus arteriosus, kunye neonatal yokuphefumla kwesifo soxinzelelo, ngamanye amaxesha inokunyangwa ngempumelelo kwicandelo lokhathalelo olunamandla lwe-neonatal (NICU) kodwa ihlala ifuna unyango lwexesha elide.

Eminye imingcipheko echaphazelekayo ekuhanjisweni kwangaphambili kubandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• iingxaki zokujonga kunye nokuva
• ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi
• ubunzima bokuncancisa ibele nokondla
• inyongo
• ubunzima bokulawula ubushushu bomzimba

Uninzi lwezi meko luya kufuna inkathalo ekhethekileyo kwi-NICU. Kulapho iingcali zononophelo lwempilo ziya kuthi zenze iimvavanyo, zibonelele ngonyango, zincede ukuphefumla, kwaye zincede ukondla iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Unonophelo olusandul 'ukuzalwa olusandul' ukuzalwa kwi-NICU luya kunceda ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wobomi obuhle kakhulu kumntwana wakho.

Izinto zokwazi malunga neNICU

Kwiintsapho ezigqibela ngokuba nosana kwi-NICU, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula ezinokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwimpilo yomntwana kunye nokubuyiselwa.

Okokuqala, ukuziqhelanisa nokhathalelo lwe-kangaroo, okanye ukubamba ulusu ngqo kulusu kuye kwaba kukufa, usulelo, ukugula kunye nobude bokuhlala esibhedlele. Inokunceda abazali kunye neentsana.

Okwesibini, ukufumana ubisi lwebele lomntu kwi-NICU kufunyenwe ukuphucula amanqanaba okusinda kunye nokunciphisa ngokumangalisayo amaxabiso osulelo lwesisu esibi esibizwa ngokuba yi-necrotizing entercolitis xa kuthelekiswa neentsana ezifumana ubisi olungumgubo.

Oomama abazala umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kufuneka baqale ukumpompa ubisi lwebele ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, kunye nempompo amaxesha asibhozo ukuya kwali-12 ngemini. Ubisi lwabanikeli olusuka kwibhanki yobisi lukhetho.

Oogqirha nabongikazi baya kubukela umntwana wakho njengoko ekhula ukuqinisekisa ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo nonyango, ukuba oko kuyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unolwazi, ufumane unonophelo olufanelekileyo, kwaye uhlale uhambelana naluphi na unyango kunye nokuqeshwa.

Uthintela njani ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha?

Nangona kungekho ziqheno zomlingo zokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kwexesha elipheleleyo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza wedwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqalwa kwabasebenzi kunye nokuzalwa.

Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa

Yiba sempilweni! Ngaba ukhuluphele emzimbeni? Ngaba uthatha iivithamini zokubeleka? Uya kufuna kwakhona ukunciphisa utywala, uzame ukuyeka ukutshaya, kwaye ungasebenzisi gwenxa naziphi na iziyobisi.

Zilolonge rhoqo kwaye uzame ukuphelisa nayiphi na imithombo yoxinzelelo olungafunekiyo ebomini bakho. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko yezempilo engapheliyo, fumana unyango kwaye uhlale uhambelana nonyango.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Landela imigaqo. Yitya usempilweni kwaye ufumane inani elifanelekileyo lokulala. Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo (qiniseka ukuba ujonge umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuzilolonga rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa).

Yiya kulungiselelo lokuqeshwa kokubeleka ngaphambi kwexesha, unike imbali yezempilo ethembekileyo neqinisekileyo, kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zabo. Zikhusele kusulelo olunokubakho kunye nokugula. Yenza umgudu wokufumana ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bobunzima (kwakhona, thetha ne-OB yakho malunga noko kukulungeleyo).

Funa uncedo lwezonyango nakweyiphi na imiqondiso yesilumkiso sokusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha, ezinje ngesiphambano, iintlungu ezisezantsi zangasemva, ukophuka kwamanzi, iitampu zesisu, kunye nalo naluphi na utshintsho ekuphumeni kwelungu lobufazi.

Emva kokubeleka

Linda ubuncinci iinyanga ezili-18 ngaphambi kokuzama ukumitha kwakhona. Ngokufutshane ixesha liphakathi kokukhulelwa, umngcipheko omkhulu wokuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha, ngokwe-Matshi ye-Dimes.

Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokulinda ngaphambi kokuzama kwakhona.

Yise kude

Ukubeleka ngokungalindelekanga kusengaphambi kwexesha okanye emva kwexesha umntwana kunokuba noxinzelelo kwaye kube nzima, ngakumbi xa kungenakuthintelwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umbelekisi kwaye uhlale unolwazi.

Ukufunda okuninzi kangangoko malunga neenkqubo kunye nonyango olufumanekayo kuwe nakumntwana wakho kuya kunceda ukunciphisa amaxhala kwaye kukunike amandla olawulo.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukhetho kunye nenkxaso yeentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ziphucukile kule minyaka idlulileyo, kwaye amathuba okushiya isibhedlele nosana olusempilweni aphezulu kunakuqala. Okukhona uyazi, kokukhona uzilungiselele ngakumbi ukuba uya kunika umntwana wakho omncinci lonke uthando kunye nenkathalo ebafaneleyo.