Kukangaphi kufuneka ukuba *Ngokwenyani* uvavanyelwe ii-STD?

Umxholo

• Kufuneka uvavanyelwe kangakanani ii-STD
• Uvavanyelwa njani ii-STD
• Uphengululo lwe

Iintloko, manenekazi: Nokuba awutshatanga kwaye ~ uxubeke ~, kubudlelwane obunzulu ne-bae, okanye utshatile nabantwana, ii-STD kufuneka zibe kwi-radar yakho yezempilo. Ngoba? Amazinga e-STD e-US aphezulu kunanini ngaphambili, kwaye i-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea zisendleleni eya ekubeni yi-superbugs enganyangekiyo ngamayeza. (Ewe, iyothusa njengoko izwakala.)

Ngaphandle kwamaza eendaba ezimbi ze-STD, bambalwa kakhulu abantu basetyhini abaya kuvavanywa izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo. Uphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe yi-Quest Diagnostics lufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-27 zabasetyhini abancinci abaziva bekhululekile xa bethetha ngesondo okanye ngovavanyo lwe-STD nogqirha wabo, kwaye enye iipesenti ezingama-27 zixela ukuxoka okanye ukuthintela iingxoxo malunga nokwabelana ngesondo, njengoko besabelana "Isizathu Esivuthayo Abasetyhini abancinci abavavanyelwa ii-STD. " Oko kuyinxalenye yokuba kusekho ibala elijikeleze ii-STD-njengoluvo lokuba ukuba wenza isivumelwano esinye, ungcolile, awunampilo, okanye kufuneka uzive uneentloni malunga nokuziphatha kwakho ngokwesondo.

Kodwa inyani yile-kwaye oku kuyakubetha ingqondo-yakho abantu babelane ngesondo (!!!). Inxalenye esempilweni kunye nenkululeko eyoyikekayo yobomi. (Jonga nje zonke izibonelelo zempilo ezisemthethweni zokwabelana ngesondo.) Kwaye naluphi na unxibelelwano lwezesondo kukonke kukubeka emngciphekweni wee-STD. Abacaluli phakathi kwabantu "abalungileyo" okanye "ababi", kwaye unokuthatha omnye nokuba ulele nabantu ababini okanye i-100.

Nangona ungafanele ube neentloni malunga nokwabelana ngesondo okanye imeko ye-STD, kuya kufuneka uthathe uxanduva kuyo. Inxalenye yokuba ngumntu omdala osabelayo ngesondo ukhathalela impilo yakho yezesondo-kwaye oko kubandakanya ukwenza isondo elikhuselekileyo kunye nokufumana iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo ze-STD-ngenxa yakho nangenxa yakhe wonke umntu odibana naye.

Ke kufuneka kangaphi ukuba uvavanywe? Impendulo inokukumangalisa.

Kufuneka uvavanyelwe kangakanani ii-STD

Kwabasetyhini, impendulo ixhomekeke ikakhulu kubudala bakho nakwimingcipheko yokuziphatha kwakho ngokwesini, utshilo uMarra Francis, MD, ibhodi eqinisekisiweyo ye-ob-gyn kunye nomphathi wezonyango olawulayo e-EverlyWell, inkampani yovavanyo lwasekhaya. (I-Disclaimer: Ukuba ukhulelwe, uneseti eyahlukileyo yeengcebiso. Kuba kufuneka ubone i-ob-gyn kunjalo, baya kukwazi ukukukhokela kwiimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo.)

Izikhokelo zangoku ngokweZiko loLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC) kunye ne-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-kwinqanaba labo elisisiseko-zilandelayo:

• Nabani na owabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga okanye owabelana ngezixhobo zenaliti ngenaliti kufuneka avavanyelwe i-HIV okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
• Abasetyhini abasebenza ngokwesondo abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 kufuneka bafumane ukuhlolwa kwonyaka nge-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea.
• Abasetyhini ababelana ngesondo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 kufuneka bafumane uhlolo lonyaka lwe-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea ukuba babandakanyeka "kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo enobungozi" (jonga ngezantsi). I-Gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia amazinga ehla emva kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kodwa ukuba ubandakanyeka "engozini" yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kufuneka uvavanywe.
• Abafazi abadala abadingi kuvavanyo lwegcushuwa ngaphandle kokuba balala ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga nendoda eyabelana ngesondo namanye amadoda, utshilo uGqirha Francis. Kungenxa yokuba amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda ngabona bantu baphambili ekufumaneni nasekusasazeni igcushuwa, utshilo uGqirha Francis.Abasetyhini abangadibani nendoda ehambelana nezi nqobo zisemngciphekweni ophantsi wokuba uvavanyo alunyanzelekanga.
• Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kuma-65 kufuneka bahlolwe nge-cytology (iPap smear) qho kwiminyaka emithathu, kodwa uvavanyo lwe-HPV kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela kubafazi abaneminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu. Qaphela: Izikhokelo ze-HPV screenings zitshintsha rhoqo, kwaye i-doc yakho inokucebisa into eyahlukileyo ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko wakho wesondo okanye iziphumo zovavanyo lwangaphambili, utsho uGqr. Francis. Nangona kunjalo, i-HPV ifunyaniswa ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abancinci-abanethuba elikhulu lokulwa intsholongwane kwaye ke ngoko banomngcipheko omncinci wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kuyo-oko kukhokelela kwiicolposcopies ezininzi ezingeyomfuneko, yiyo loo nto izikhokelo ngokubanzi zisenza. ayifuni ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV phambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-30. Ezi zizikhokelo zangoku ezivela kwi-CDC.)
• Amabhinqa azalwe phakathi kowe-1945 no-1965 afanele avavanyelwe ihepatitis C, utsho uGqr. Francis.

"Ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuyingozi" kubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo: Ukwabelana ngesondo neqabane elitsha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondom, amaqabane amaninzi ngexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondom, ukuba neentlobano zesini nabantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa ezifuna inaliti ze-hypodermic, ukuba neentlobano zesini naye nabani na othengisa ngomzimba, kunye nokuba neentlobano zesini ezimpundu (kuba mkhulu umonakalo owenziweyo ngokophuka kwesikhumba nokusasaza ulwelo lomzimba), utsho uGqr. Francis. Nangona "indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi ngokwesondo" ivakala ihlazo-y, inokwenzeka ukuba isebenza kubantu abaninzi: Qaphela ukuba ukwabelana ngesondo nomntu nje omnye omtsha ngaphandle kwekhondom kukubeka kudidi, ke zivavanye ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuba awutshatanga, kukho umgaqo obalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi: Kufuneka uvavanywe emva kweqabane ngalinye elitsha ngesondo elingakhuselekanga. "Ndicebisa ukuba xa ulala ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga kwaye unexhala malunga nokuvezwa kwi-STI, ukuba uvavanywe kwisithuba seveki yokuvezwa kodwa kwakhona kwiiveki ezintandathu kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu," utshilo uPari Ghodsi, MD, ibhodi eqinisekisiweyo. ob-gyn eLos Angeles kunye nogxa we-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Kutheni le nto kufuneka uvavanywe amaxesha amaninzi? Amajoni omzimba wakho athatha ixesha ukwenza amajoni omzimba, utshilo uGqirha Francis. Ingakumbi ngezifo ezosulela ngesondo (ezifana negcushuwa, ihepatitis B, ihepatitis C, kunye neHIV). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-STD (ezifana ne-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea) zinokubonisa iimpawu kwaye zivavanywe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zosulelo, utshilo. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uvavanywe ngaphambi nangemva kweqabane elitsha, kunye nexesha elaneleyo lokwazi ukuba awunayo i-STD-negative ukuze ungadluli ii-STD phambili naphambili, utsho.

Kwaye ukuba uthandana nomntu ongatshatanga naye, kufuneka ugcine engqondweni: Kukho iingcebiso ezahlukeneyo kubantu abakubudlelwane bomntu omnye kunye nakubudlelwane bomntu omnye kunye nomngcipheko wokungathembeki. Jonga i-ego yakho emnyango; ukuba ucinga ukuba likho nethuba lokuba iqabane lakho lingangathembeki, kungcono ukuba uvavanywe egameni lempilo yakho. Ngelishwa, ukuba kuye kwakho inkxalabo yokuba iqabane liphuma ngaphandle kobudlelwane nakoluphi na ulwalamano ngokwesondo, kuya kufuneka ulandele inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwabantu abasemngciphekweni, utshilo uGqirha Francis.

Uvavanyelwa njani ii-STD

Okokuqala, kuhlawulela ukwazi ukuba oogqirha bavavanya njani uhlobo ngalunye lwe-STD:

• I-Gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia zijongwa ngokusebenzisa i-swab yomlomo wesibeleko.
• I-HIV, isifo sokudumba kwesibindi, kunye negcushuwa zijongwa ngovavanyo lwegazi.
• I-HPV isoloko ivavanyelwa ngexesha le-Pap smear. (Ukuba i-pap smear yakho ibonisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho angakucebisa ukuba ufumane icolposcopy, kulapho ugqirha wakho akhangela khona umlomo wesibeleko sakho se-HPV okanye iiseli ezinomhlaza. ukuvavanya, okufana novavanyo zombini kwelinye.)
• I-Herpes ivavanywa ngenkcubeko yesilonda sesini (kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ivavanywa kuphela xa uneempawu). "Igazi lakho linokujongwa kwakhona ukuba ubukhe wanayo na intsholongwane ye-herpes, kodwa kwakhona le nto ayikuxeleli ukuba ukubhencwa kwakungumlomo okanye amalungu esini, kwaye i-herpes yomlomo ixhaphake kakhulu, utshilo uGqirha Ghodsi. (Jonga: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngee-STD zomlomo)

Bona i-doc yakho: I-inshurensi yakho inokugubungela ukuhlolwa konyaka kuphela, okanye inokugubungela "ukuvavanywa kwamakhefu" rhoqo ngokuxhomekeke kubungozi bakho, utshilo uGqirha Francis. Kodwa konke kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sakho, ngoko jonga kunye nomboneleli wakho we-inshurensi.

Ndwendwela ikliniki: Ukuba ukubetha i-ob-gyn yakho ayisiyiyo inketho ngalo lonke ixesha ufuna ukuvavanywa (kukho ukunqongophala kwelizwe lonke kwe-ob-gyn, emva kwayo yonke loo nto), ungasebenzisa iisayithi ezinje ngeCDC okanye iLabFinder.com ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-STD indawo ekufutshane nawe.

Yenza ekhaya: Awunalo ixesha (okanye i-gumption) yokuya kwiklinikhi ye-IRL? Ngethamsanqa, uvavanyo lwe-STD luba lula kunanini ngaphambili, ngenxa yeemodeli ezithe ngqo kumthengi eziqale ngeemveliso ezinjengeebrasi kunye neetampon kwaye ngoku zifikelele kukhathalelo lwempilo yezesondo. Ungaodola uvavanyo lwe-STD ukwenza okulungileyo kwikhaya lakho kwiinkonzo ezifana ne-EverlyWell, i-myLAB Box, kunye ne-iDNA yaBucala malunga ne-$80 ukuya kwi-$400, kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi oyisebenzisayo kunye nokuba zingaphi ii-STD ozivavanyayo.

Uphengululo lwe