Isikhokelo sakho sendlela yokwenza umgqomo womgquba

Umxholo

• Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa umgquba kwizityalo
• Yintoni kanye kanye, Umgquba?
• Uwenza njani umgqomo womgquba
• Usetyenziswa njani umgquba
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani iCompost ukuba awuyenzi iGadi
• Uphengululo lwe

Xa kuthethwa ngokutya, wonke umntu uzama ukwenza eyona nto anayo ngoku, enqanda ukuhamba rhoqo ukuya kwivenkile yegrosari (okanye ukurhuma kwiinkonzo zokuhanjiswa kwegrosari), ukwenza uyilo ngezinto ezisisiseko zepantry, kunye nokuzama ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya. Kwanasemva kokuba uthathe ukutya okotyiweyo ukuya kuthi ga apho banokuya khona ngendlela etyiwayo (okt, ukwenza "i-cocktails yenkunkuma" kwiipelisi zesitrasi okanye izikhumba zemifuno eseleyo), ungaya kwelinye inyathelo, ulisebenzise kumgquba kunokuwalahla enkunkumeni.

Ke yintoni umgquba, ngokuchanekileyo? Ngumxube wezinto eziphilayo ezibolileyo nezisetyenziselwa ukuchumisa kunye nokulungisa umhlaba — okanye kwinqanaba elincinci, igadi yakho okanye izityalo ezinamanzi, ngokwe-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Kulula kunokuba kuvakala ukwenza umgqomo womgquba, nokuba unqongophele kwindawo. Kwaye hayi, ayizukugqibela ngokunuka ikhaya lakho. Nantsi indlela umgquba onokuba luncedo ngayo, indlela yokwenza umgqomo wokugcina umgquba, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa isicompos sakho ekugqibeleni.

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa umgquba kwizityalo

Nokuba sele ungumlimi onamava kunye nobhontsi oluhlaza okanye uzama nje ukugcina indlu yakho yokuqala iphila, umgquba uluncedo konke izityalo kuba zakha izondlo emhlabeni. “Njengokuba sitya iyogathi okanye ikimchi, esinceda sitofe amathumbu ethu ngeebhaktheriya eziluncedo, ukongeza umgquba kumhlaba wakho uwugalela ngeebhiliyoni zemicroorganisms ezinceda izityalo zakho zihlale zisempilweni,” kucacisa uTucker Taylor, umphathi wegadi yaseKendall-Jackson Wine. Iindawo kunye neeGadi eSonoma, eCalifornia. UTaylor uthi uhlala esenza kwaye asebenzise umgquba kwizitiya azilawulayo.

Yintoni kanye kanye, Umgquba?

Zintathu izinto eziphambili zomgquba: amanzi, initrogen, kunye nekhabhon, ekuthiwa zibizwa ngokuba yi "greens" kunye "browns," ngokwahlukeneyo, utshilo uJeremy Walters, ongunozakuzaku weeNkonzo zeRiphabhlikhi, ongomnye wabaqokeleli abakhulu bokurisayikilisha iunited States. Ufumana i-nitrogen kwimifuno enje ngeziqhamo kunye nemvuthuluka yemifuno, ukusikwa kwengca, kunye nekhofi, kunye nekhabhoni evela kumbala omdaka njengephepha, ikhadibhodi, amagqabi afileyo okanye amasetyana. Umgquba wakho kufuneka ube nezixa ezilinganayo zohlaza-ezibonelela ngezondlo kunye nomswakama othile kuzo zonke izinto zokudiliza-ukuya kwi-browns-ethatha ukufuma okugqithisileyo, incede ukugcina isakhiwo somgquba, kwaye inike amandla kwi-microorganisms ephula yonke into, ngokweZiko loLawulo lweNkunkuma laseCornell.

Nazi ezona mathiriyeli zibalaseleyo onokuzongeza kumgqomo wakho womgquba, ngokukaWalters:

• Imifuno yemifuno (eluhlaza)
• Amaxolo esiqhamo (luhlaza)
• Iinkozo (luhlaza)
• Amaqanda (ahlanjwe) (aluhlaza)
• Iitawuli zephepha (brown)
• Ikhadibhodi (brown)
• Iphephandaba (elimdaka)
• Ilaphu (umqhaphu, uboya, okanye isilika ngamaqhekeza amancinci) (omdaka)
• Iindawo zekofu okanye izihluzi (uhlaza)
• Iibhegi zeti ezisetyenzisiweyo (uhlaza)

Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziphephe ukubeka isichumisi sakho ukuba awufuni ibhokhwe enefiferi, cinga: amatswele, igalikhi, kunye neecitrus peels. Imvumelwano ngokubanzi, ngokutsho kweengcali, kukuba kufuneka ugcine ubisi okanye iziqwenga zenyama ukunqanda imeko enukayo xa usebenzisa umgqomo wangaphakathi we-compost. Ukuba ulandela ezi zikhokelo kwaye usafumanisa ukuba ikhomposti yakho inevumba, sisalathiso sokuba ufuna izinto ezimdaka ngakumbi ukulinganisa izinto eziluhlaza ezine nitrogen, ke zama ukongeza iphephandaba okanye amanye amagqabi awomileyo, kuphakamisa uWalters.

Uwenza njani umgqomo womgquba

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ngomgqomo womgquba, jonga indawo okuyo. Uya kufuna ukusebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokwenza umgquba ukuba uyenza ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle.

Ukuba unokwazi ukwenza umgquba ngaphandle, ukuwa-okujongeka njengesilinda esikhulu esitendini, onokuthi ujikeleze nxamnye neso siwisi sihle sigcina amanzi akho-lukhetho olufanelekileyo xa unendawo ethe kratya yokusebenza nayo, utshilo uWalters. Ngenxa yokuba batywinwe, abayi kunuka okanye batsale izinambuzane. Kwaye ayidingi ukusetyenziswa kweentshulube (jonga ngezantsi malunga nokwenza umgquba ngaphakathi) kuba ubushushu ekutywinweni kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo kunceda umgquba uhla ngokwawo. Ungafumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zokuhambisa umgquba ngaphandle ezithengiswayo kwi-Intanethi, ezinje ngale Tumbling Composter enamagumbi amabini eHome Depot (Thenga yona, $ 91, homedepot.com).

Ukuba wenza umgquba ngaphakathi, ungathenga umgqomo womgquba onje ngale Bin Compost Bin (Thenga yona, $ 40, food52.com). Okanye ukuba uziva unebhongo kwaye ufuna ukuzakhela eyakho i-compost bin yangaphandle ukusuka ekuqaleni, i-EPA inikezela ngezikhokelo zenyathelo nenyathelo kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Uya kufuna ukuseta umgqomo wakho naphina apho unendawo khona: ekhitshini, phantsi kwetafile, kwikhabhathi, uluhlu luyaqhubeka. (Hayi, ayifuni ukuya ekhitshini kwaye akufuneki ivumba.)

1. Beka isiseko.

Nje ukuba ufumene ikhaya lomgqomo wakho ngaphakathi, ungaqala ukubeka amacandelo ngokuqala ukugoba ezantsi kwebin ngephephandaba kunye nee-intshi ezimbalwa zokubumba umhlaba. Okulandelayo, nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomgquba.

2. Qalisa ukubeka umgquba wakho (uneentshulube okanye ungenazo).

Awuyithandi izinto ezihambahambayo? (Uya kuqonda kungekudala.) Emva koko, emva kokufakwa phantsi komgqomo womgquba ngephephandaba kunye nomhlaba othile, yongeza umaleko omdaka. Okulandelayo, yenza "iqula okanye ukudakumba" kwibala elimdaka lohlaza, ngokutsho kweCornell Waste Management Institute. Gquma ngomnye umaleko omdaka ukuze kungabikho kutya kuboniswayo. Qhubeka ukongeza ii-greens kunye ne-browns kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomgqomo wakho kunye nokunyibilikisa kancinci ngamanzi. Tsiba inyathelo lesi-3.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungagqitha kwi-ick-factor, uWalters ucebisa nge-vermicomposting ye-composting encinci yangaphakathi, ebandakanya ukongeza iintshulube kwimifuno yakho kunye no-brown ukuze uguqule ngokufanelekileyo ukutya okutyaliweyo kwezakha mzimba kunye neeminerali zezityalo ezisemhlabeni. Ngelixa kunganyanzelekanga ukuba uquke iintshulube kwinkqubo yakho yokwenza umgquba, inkqubo yokubola ingathatha ixesha elide kwaye ivelise ivumba elingakumbi (kuba izidalwa eziphaphazelayo zitya ibhaktiriya enevumba elibi), ngokutsho kuka-Igor Lochert, umongameli weFama yeWorm Portland eNewberg. , Oregon, evelisa iimveliso zomgquba.

"Ukuba ucinga 'Iintshulube… ngaphakathi?' qiniseka ukuba iintshulube ziyacotha kwaye azinamdla wokuhlala esofeni yakho, utshilo. Bazakufuna ukuhlala kwiziphathamandla zokutya ezinikezelweyo emgqomeni kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba babaleke kwisitya. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukugcina isiciko kwisitya ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala behleli kunye noxolo lwengqondo (kuba, ew, iintshulube).

IVermicomposting iyasebenza ekuguquleni ukutya okushiyekileyo kube zizakha-mzimba ezinokusetyenziswa kwizityalo ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, utsho uLochert. Okokuqala, iintshulube zijika umhlaba ngokuhamba kuwo, zishiya ngasemva (umgquba) kunye ne cocoons (amaqanda). Ivakala imbi kakhulu, kodwa ezo zinto zishiywe ngasemva zinezondlo ezininzi, ezinokunceda ukuqhawuka komgquba. Okwesibini, iintshulube zinceda ukupholisa umhlaba ngokuhamba nje kuwo — kubalulekile ukuba ube nomhlaba osempilweni emgqomeni kwaye ekugqibeleni xa ufakwe kwizityalo zakho. (Jonga kwakhona: IiTweaks ezincinci zokuNceda ukuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo)

Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza i-vermicomposting kukuthenga ikhithi yomgqomo kwi-intanethi okanye kwivenkile yehardware yengingqi yakho okanye i-nursery, efana ne-5-Tray Worm Composting Kit (Yithenge, $90, wayfair.com). Uya kufuneka kwakhona uthenge abaqashi bayo-iimpethu-ukuba uqalise. Olona hlobo lweentshulube olongezayo kumgquba zizinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-wrigglers ezibomvu kuba zisebenzisa inkunkuma ngokukhawuleza, kodwa imisundululu eqhelekileyo iyawenza nalo msebenzi, ngokwe-EPA. Ngaba bangaphi abafana abancinci? Nangona kungekho mgaqo onzima kwaye okhawulezayo, abaqalayo abanemigqomo encinci yangaphakathi yomgquba kufuneka baqale malunga nekomityi enye yeentshulube ngegalon yomgquba, utshilo uLochert.

3. Yongeza amaqhekeza okutya kwakho.

Nangona kunokuba nzima ukuphosa i-veggie shavings kwi-compost bin emva kokwenza isaladi kwisidlo sakusihlwa, musa. Endaweni yoko, gcina ezo zinto zilahlwayo kunye nakuphi na okunye ukutya okushiyekileyo kwisitya esifakwe isiciko efrijini, ukongeza kuphela kumgqomo womgquba kanye ngeveki.

Xa unesikhongozeli esipheleleyo sezinto ezityiwayo zokutya kwaye ukulungele ukongeza emgqomeni, qala ngokufaka iphepha elincinci elifumileyo (ngokwenene naluphi na uhlobo lwephepha elisebenzayo, kodwa i-EPA icebisa ukuthintela iintlobo ezinzima, ezikhazimlayo, okanye ezinemibala, njengoko bengazukuphuka ngokulula), emva koko dibanisa iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwephepha. Gquma konke okushiyekileyo kokutya ngephepha elininzi kunye nomhlaba omdaka okanye umhlaba owotyiweyo, kuba ukutya okutyhilekileyo kunokutsala iimpukane zeziqhamo. Ewe kunjalo, ukukhusela isiciko somgqomo kubalulekile ekulweni naziphi na iimpukane ezinokubakho. Ukuba ujonga umquba wakho kule veki ilandelayo kwaye ufumanise ukuba iintshulube khange zitye uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezilahliweyo (okt irind yeetapile), yisuse okanye uzame ukuyisika ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele kumgqomo wangaphakathi womgquba. Inxalenye yemifuno yomgquba kufuneka ibonelele ngesiqulatho sokufuma esaneleyo, ke akufuneki ukuba udibanise amanzi ongezelelweyo kumxube. (Idibeneyo: Ngaba ufanele ujoyine iSabelo sakho seFama seCSA?)

Usetyenziswa njani umgquba

Ukuba ukondla umgquba ngokuchanekileyo iveki ukuya evekini (okuthetha: ukongeza rhoqo ukutya okushiyekileyo emgqomeni), kufanelekile ukuba ukulungele ukukhulisa izityalo zakho malunga neentsuku ezingama-90, utshilo uAmy Padolk, umlawuli wezemfundo kwiFairchild Tropical Botanic Garden eCoral. IGables, eFlorida. Umgquba ulungele ukusetyenziswa xa ukhangeleka, uziva, kwaye unuka njengomhlaba otyebileyo omnyama, unomhlaba ovuthulukayo phezulu, kwaye i-original material organic [ayisabonakali]," uyongezelela. Emva kokuba uziphumezile zonke ezi zinto, kufuneka wongeze malunga ne-30 ukuya kwi-50 yepesenti yomgquba kumxube wakho wezityalo kwizikhongozeli okanye kwiibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo. Kwizityalo zangaphandle, ungarhola umhlakulo okanye ufefe malunga ne-1/2-intshi-intshi yomaleko ojikeleze iziqu kunye neebhedi zokutyala, uyachaza uPadolk.

Uyisebenzisa kanjani iCompost ukuba awuyenzi iGadi

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-94 zokutya okulahlwayo kuphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwiindawo zokutsha, nto leyo enegalelo ekunyukeni kwezixa zegesi ye-methane (i-ozone eyonakalisa igesi ye-greenhouse), ngokwe-EPA. Ke, ngokuthatha la manyathelo alula, anobuhlobo, unokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nokuhlisa ikhabhoni. Ke ukuba ufuna ukunceda, kodwa awunasidingo sayo yonke le compost uyenzayo, iindawo ezininzi zinemirhumo yokubhalisela apho, ngentlawulo encinci, iinkampani ezinje nge-Canopy yase-Urban okanye i-Health Soil Compost inokuhambisa ibhakethi banokuzalisa ngamaqhekeza okutya, kwaye emva koko baya kuqokelela ibhakethi xa sele ligcwele, utshilo uAshlee Piper, ingcali yozinzo kunye nombhali we Nika iSh*t: Yenza Okulungileyo. Phila ngcono. Gcina iPlanethi. Jonga iinkampani zomgquba kwindawo yakho ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi iinkonzo ezifumaneka kufutshane nawe.

Unokumisa ukutya kwakho ukutya okotyiweyo kwaye unikele ngako kwintengiso yomfama wasekhaya xa ufikelele kubunzima. "Iimarike ezininzi kunye nabathengisi bazakuthatha ukutya okotyiweyo ukuze bazenzele umgquba kwizityalo zabo," utshilo uPiper. "Kodwa soloko ubiza phambili [ukuqiniseka] ukuthintela ukuhamba edolophini kunye nengxowa yezinto ezikhuselekileyo." (Ingcebiso yePro: Ukuba uhlala kwisiXeko saseNew York, khulisa i-NYC inoluhlu lweendawo zokutya ezilahliweyo apha.)

Ewe unako ukuhlala wenza umquba wakho wangaphakathi kwaye wabelane ngawo nabahlobo okanye intsapho enendawo engaphandle, ukuba awunayo indawo oza kuyisasaza ngayo. Bona—kunye nezityalo zabo—ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba noxabiso.

Uphengululo lwe