I-pneumonia: Iingcebiso ngokuthintela

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Oonobangela
• Ugonyo lwepneumonia
• Izilumkiso kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Iingcebiso zokuthintela
• Iingcebiso zokuchacha
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

I-pneumonia sisifo semiphunga. Ayisosuleli, kodwa ihlala ibangelwa zizifo eziphezulu zokuphefumla ezimpumlweni nasemqaleni, ezinokuthi zisasazeke.

I-pneumonia inokwenzeka nakubani na, nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 basemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• uhlala kwindawo yokunyamekela abagulayo okanye indawo yokuhlala
• usebenzisa isixhobo sokuphefumla
• ukulaliswa esibhedlele rhoqo
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• isifo semiphunga esiqhubela phambili, njengeCOPD
• umbefu
• isifo sentliziyo
• ukutshaya icuba

Abantu abasemngciphekweni wokuphefumula inyumoniya babandakanya abo:

• utywala obuninzi okanye iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa
• banemicimbi yezonyango echaphazela i-gag reflex yabo, enjengokwenzakala kwengqondo okanye ingxaki yokuginya
• bayachacha kwiinkqubo zotyando ezifuna ianesthesia

Ukuphefumla kwe-pneumonia luhlobo oluthile losulelo lwemiphunga olubangelwa kukungena ngamathe ngengozi, ukutya, ulwelo, okanye ukugabha kwimiphunga yakho. Ayosuleli.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeendlela zokuzikhusela kwinyumoniya.

Oonobangela

I-pneumonia ihlala isenzeka emva kosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla. Usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla lunokubangelwa yingqele okanye umkhuhlane. Zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezinjengeentsholongwane, ukungunda, kunye neebhaktiriya. Iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• ngokudibana, njengokuxhawulana okanye ukuncamisana
• emoyeni, ngokuthimla okanye ngokukhohlela ungakhange ugqume umlomo okanye impumlo
• ngemihlaba echukumisiweyo
• ezibhedlele okanye kwizibonelelo zononophelo lwempilo ngokunxibelelana nabanikezi nkonzo okanye izixhobo zokusebenza

Ugonyo lwepneumonia

Ukufumana isitofu sokuthintela inyumoniya kunciphisa, kodwa akuphelisi, umngcipheko wokufumana inyumoniya. Zimbini iintlobo zokugonya inyumoniya: iyeza lokugonya i-pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13 okanye Prevnar 13) kunye nepneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23 okanye Pneumovax23).

Isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal conjugate sithintela kwiintlobo ezili-13 zebacteria ezibangela usulelo olukhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala. I-PCV13 yinxalenye yenkqubo esemgangathweni yokugonya abantwana kwaye ilawulwa ngugqirha wabantwana. Kwiintsana, inikwa njengothotho lweedosi ezintathu okanye ezine, ukuqala xa zineenyanga ezimbini ubudala. Idosi yokugqibela inikwa abantwana kwiinyanga ezili-15.

Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, i-PCV13 inikwa ngenaliti yexesha elinye. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuvuselelwa kwakhona kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Abantu babo nabuphi na ubudala abanemingcipheko, njengamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kufuneka nabo bafumane eli chiza.

I-Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine isitofu sokugonya esikhusela kwiintlobo ezingama-23 zebhaktiriya. Akucetyiswa kubantwana. I-PPSV23 icetyiswa kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 esele beyifumene iyeza lokugonya i-PCV13. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva konyaka.

Abantu abaneminyaka eli-19 ukuya kwengama-64 abatshayayo okanye abaneemeko ezonyusa umngcipheko wenyumoniya nabo kufuneka balifumane eli chiza. Abantu abafumana i-PPSV23 kwiminyaka eyi-65 ngokubanzi abadingi ukuphinda baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde bakwenze oku kamva.

Izilumkiso kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Abantu abathile akufuneki ukuba bafumane isitofu sokuthintela inyumoniya. Ziquka:

• abantu abangadibaniyo nesitofu sokugonya okanye nasiphi na isithako esikuso
• abantu ababenempendulo engahambelaniyo ne-PCV7, uhlobo lwangaphambili lokugonya inyumoniya
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo
• abantu abanomkhuhlane obandayo, umkhuhlane, okanye esinye isigulo

Zombini izitofu zokuthintela inyumoniya zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ububomvu okanye ukudumba kwindawo yenaliti
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ifiva
• Ukugodola

Abantwana akufuneki ukuba bafumane isitofu sokuthintela inyumoniya kunye nokugonya komkhuhlane ngaxeshanye. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nokuhlutha okunxulumene nomkhuhlane.

Iingcebiso zokuthintela

Kukho izinto onokuzenza endaweni okanye ukongeza kwisitofu sokugonya se-pneumonia. Imikhwa esempilweni, enceda ukugcina amajoni akho omzimba omelele, unokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana inyumoniya. Ucoceko olulungileyo lunokunceda. Izinto onokuzenza zibandakanya:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo emanzini ashushu anesepha.
• Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekwe etywaleni xa ungakwazi ukuhlamba izandla.
• Kuphephe ukuboniswa ngabantu abagulayo nanini na kunokwenzeka.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni okubandakanya iziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, ifayibha, kunye neprotheni ebuthathaka.

Ukugcina abantwana neentsana kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Qiniseka ukuba ugcina iimpumlo ezicocekileyo kwaye zomile, kwaye ufundise umntwana wakho ukuthimla nokukhohlela kwingqiniba yakhe endaweni yesandla sakhe. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane kwabanye.

Ukuba sele unengqele kwaye ukhathazekile ukuba inokuthi iguquke ibe yinyumoniya, thetha nogqirha wakho ngamanyathelo asebenzayo onokuwathatha. Ezinye iingcebiso zibandakanya:

• Qiniseka ukuba uphumla ngokwaneleyo ngelixa uchacha kwingqele okanye kwesinye isigulo.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi ukunceda ukuphelisa ukuxinana.
• Sebenzisa isihlanganisi.
• Thatha izongezo, ezinjengevithamini C kunye ne-zinc, ukunceda ukomeleza amajoni akho omzimba.

Iingcebiso zokuphepha i-pneumonia yasemva kokusebenza (inyumoniya emva kotyando) zibandakanya:

• ukuphefumla okunzulu kunye nokwenza umthambo, oya kuthi ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi ahambe kuwe
• ukugcina izandla zakho zicocekile
• ukugcina intloko yakho iphakanyisiwe
• ucoceko lomlomo, olubandakanya i-antiseptic efana ne-chlorhexidine
• uhleli kangangoko unakho, kwaye uhamba ngokukhawuleza kangangoko unakho

Iingcebiso zokuchacha

Ukuba unenyumoniya ebangelwe lusulelo lwebhaktiriya, ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Unokufuna kwakhona unyango lokuphefumla okanye ioksijini kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha isigqibo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho.

Unokufumana izibonelelo ngokuthatha iyeza lokukhohlela ukuba ukukhohlela kwakho kuyaphazamisa ukukwazi ukuphumla. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhwehlela kubalulekile ekuncedeni umzimba wakho uphelise i-phlegm kwimiphunga.

Ukuphumla nokusela amanzi amaninzi kungakunceda ukuba ubhetele ngokukhawuleza.

Yise kude

I-pneumonia yinto enokubakho enkulu yosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla olusasazeka kwimiphunga. Ingabangelwa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya. Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kwama-65 bayacetyiswa ukuba bafumane iyeza lokuthintela inyumoniya. Abantu babo nabuphi na ubudala abasemngciphekweni owandileyo kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya. Imikhwa esempilweni kunye nococeko kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana inyumoniya.