Ungakuyeka njani ukuxhaphaza ezikolweni

Umxholo

• Ukuchonga ukuxhatshazwa
• Kutheni kuyingxaki
• Iindlela zokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa
• Bandakanya umntwana wakho
• Yiba ngumzekelo
• Fumana imfundo
• Yakha indawo yenkxaso
• Yiba ngokungaguquguqukiyo
• Ukuxhobisa ababukeli
• Sebenza nomxhaphazi
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

Ukuxhaphaza yingxaki enokuphazamisa ukufunda komntwana, impilo yasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuphila kakuhle ngokwasemoyeni. Ingxelo ekhutshwe yi-Bureau of Justice Statistics ithi ukuxhatshazwa kwenzeka mihla le okanye ngeveki kwiipesenti ezingama-23 zezikolo zikarhulumente eMelika. Umcimbi ufumene ingqalelo ngakumbi kule minyaka idlulileyo ngenxa yetekhnoloji kunye neendlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana nokuhlukumeza omnye komnye, njenge-intanethi, iiselfowuni, kunye nemidiya yoluntu. Abantu abadala banokuba notyekelo lokungahoyi ukuxhatshazwa kwaye bayibhale njengenxalenye eqhelekileyo yobomi bonke abantwana abaya kuyo. Kodwa ukuxhaphaza yingxaki yokwenene enemiphumo emibi.

Ukuchonga ukuxhatshazwa

Wonke umntu ufuna ukukholelwa ukuba "izinti kunye namatye anokuwaphula amathambo am, kodwa amagama awasoze andonzakalise," kodwa kwabanye abantwana nakwishumi elivisayo (nakubantu abadala), ayonyani leyo. Amagama anokuba yingozi, okanye nangaphezulu, kunokuxhatshazwa emzimbeni.

Ukuxhaphaza kukuziphatha okubandakanya uluhlu lwezenzo ezibangela iintlungu ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo, ukusuka ekusasazeni amarhe, ukukhutshwa ngabom, ukuya ekuphathweni gadalala. Inokuba nobuqili kwaye abantwana abaninzi abaxeleli abazali babo okanye ootitshala ngayo ngenxa yokoyika ihlazo okanye impindezelo. Abantwana banokwesaba ukuba abayi kuthathwa ngokungathí sina xa bexela ukuxhatshazwa. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali, ootitshala, kunye nabanye abantu abadala bahlala bejonga iindlela zokuziphatha zokuxhaphaza.

Ezinye iimpawu zokulumkisa ukuba umntwana wakho uxhatshazwa zibandakanya:

• ukusikeka okanye ukugruzuka okungachazwanga
• impahla eyonakeleyo okanye elahlekileyo, iincwadi, izinto zesikolo, okanye ezinye izinto
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ingxaki yokulala
• Ukuthula ngokweemvakalelo
• Ukuthatha iindlela ezinde ngokungeyomfuneko ukuya esikolweni
• ukusebenza kakubi ngesiquphe okanye ukuphulukana nomdla kumsebenzi wesikolo
• ndingasafuni ukuxhoma nabahlobo
• ukucela ukuhlala ekhaya ndigula ngenxa yezikhalazo rhoqo zentloko, isisu esibuhlungu, okanye ezinye izigulo
• unxunguphalo lwasentlalweni okanye ukuzithemba okuphantsi
• ukuziva unomsindo okanye udandathekile
• naluphi na utshintsho olungachazwanga ekuziphatheni

Kutheni kuyingxaki

Ukuxhaphaza kunefuthe elibi kuye wonke umntu, kubandakanya:

• umxhaphazi
• ekujoliswe kuko
• abantu ababonayo
• Nabani na umntu odibene nayo

Ngokwendawo yeSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neNkonzo yaBasebenzi iStopbullying.gov, ukuxhatshazwa kungakhokelela kwimpilo egwenxa kunye nemicimbi yeemvakalelo, kubandakanya:

• ukudakumba noxinzelelo
• utshintsho ekulaleni nasekutyeni
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi ekhe yananditshwa
• imiba yezempilo
• ukuncipha kwimpumelelo yezifundo nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezikolo

Iindlela zokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa

Bandakanya umntwana wakho

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile ukuba uqaphela ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngomntwana wakho kukuthetha naye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu onokuyenza kumntwana oxhatshazwayo kukuqinisekisa imeko. Nika ingqalelo kwiimvakalelo zomntwana wakho kwaye ubazise ukuba uyakhathala. Usenokungakwazi ukusombulula zonke iingxaki zabo kodwa kubalulekile ukuba bazi ukuba banokuthembela kuwe ngenkxaso.

Yiba ngumzekelo

Ukuxhatshazwa yindlela yokuziphatha efundwayo. Abantwana bathatha isimilo sokuziphatha kakubi njengokuxhaphaza kubantu abadala, abazali, ootitshala kunye nemithombo yeendaba. Yiba ngumzekelo omhle kwaye ufundise umntwana wakho indlela elungileyo yokuziphatha kwasekuqaleni. Umntwana wakho mancinci amathuba okuba angene kubudlelwane obonzakalisayo okanye obenzakalisayo ukuba wena njengomzali uphepha unxulumano olubi.

Fumana imfundo

Ukuqhubeka noqeqesho kunye nemfundo kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuxhatshazwa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Oku kunika ootitshala ithuba lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nabafundi malunga nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuziva ukuba yintoni imeko yezulu esikolweni. Iya kunceda nabantwana ukuba baqonde ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokuziphatha ezithathwa njengokuxhaphaza Iindibano zesikolo ngokubanzi kulo mbandela zinokuwukhuphela ekuhleni umba.

Kukwabalulekile ukufundisa abasebenzi besikolo kunye nabanye abantu abadala. Kufuneka bayiqonde imeko yokuxhaphaza kunye neziphumo zako, indlela yokuphendula ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni, kunye nendlela yokusebenza nabanye ekuthinteleni oku.

Yakha indawo yenkxaso

Ukuxhatshazwa ngumba woluntu kwaye kufuna isisombululo kuluntu. Wonke umntu kufuneka abe ebhodini ukuze ayikhuphe ngempumelelo. Oku kubandakanya:

• abafundi
• abazali
• ootitshala
• abalawuli
• abacebisi
• abaqhubi beebhasi
• abasebenzi bokutyela
• abongikazi besikolo
• abafundisi basemva kwesikolo

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyaxhatshazwa, kubalulekile ukuba ungajongani nomxhaphazi lowo okanye umzali womxhaphazi ngokwakho. Ihlala ingenamveliso kwaye inokuba yingozi. Endaweni yoko, sebenza noluntu lwakho. Ootitshala, abacebisi, kunye nabalawuli banolwazi kunye nezixhobo zokunceda ukumisela ikhondo elifanelekileyo lesenzo. Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso soluntu sokujongana nokuxhatshazwa.

Yiba ngokungaguquguqukiyo

Kubalulekile ukuba nesicwangciso sendlela yokujongana nokuxhatshazwa. Imigaqo-nkqubo ebhaliweyo yindlela elungileyo yokuba nento enokuthi isetyenziswe ngumntu wonke ekuhlaleni. Wonke umntwana kufuneka aphathwe kwaye aphathwe ngokulinganayo nangokungaguquguqukiyo, ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo kufuneka kujongwane nako ngendlela efanayo nokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni.

Imigaqo-nkqubo ebhaliweyo yesikolo akufuneki ithintele kuphela indlela yokuziphatha kwabangcungcuthekisayo, kodwa ibenze abafundi babe noxanduva lokunceda abanye abasengxakini. Imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka icace kwaye icace gca ukuze wonke umntu ayiqonde ngokujonga nje.

Kubalulekile ukuba imithetho yokuxhatshazwa inyanzeliswe ngokungaguquguqukiyo kuso sonke isikolo. Abasebenzi besikolo kufuneka babenako ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza bayeke ukuxhaphaza, kwaye kufuneka kubekho iintlanganiso zokulandelela abo bangcungcuthekisayo kunye nabo kujoliswe kubo. Abazali babafundi abachaphazelekayo kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba xa kunokwenzeka.

Ukuxhobisa ababukeli

Rhoqo, abantu ababukeleyo baziva bengenamandla okunceda. Banokucinga ukuba ukubandakanyeka kunokuzisa uhlaselo kubo okanye kubenze balahlwe eluntwini. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuxhobisa ababukeli ukuba bancede. Izikolo kufuneka zisebenze ukukhusela abo babukele ekuziphindezeleni kwaye zibancede baqonde ukuba ukuthula nokungasebenzi kungenza ukuba abo baxhaphaza abanye babe namandla.

Sebenza nomxhaphazi

Ungalibali ukuba umxhaphazi unemicimbi yokujongana naye kwaye ufuna uncedo kubantu abadala. Abahlukumezi bahlala bezibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuxhaphazayo ngenxa yokungabikho kovelwano kunye nokuthembela, okanye ngenxa yemicimbi esekhaya.

Abantu abahlupha abanye kufuneka kuqala baqonde ukuba indlela abaziphethe ngayo iyangcungcuthekisa. Emva koko, kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukuxhaphaza kuyingozi kwabanye kwaye kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi. Unganqumamisa isimilo sokungcungcuthekisa kwi-bud ngokubabonisa ukuba ziziphi iziphumo zezenzo zabo.

Imbonakalo

Ukuxhaphaza ngumba oqhelekileyo xa ukhula, kodwa ngumba ongafanelekanga ukuba ukhukuliswe. Ukusombulula kuthatha amanyathelo kumalungu oluntu luphela kunye nokujongana nomcimbi ngqo kuya kuyiveza elubala. Inkxaso kufuneka inikwe abo bangcungcuthekiswayo, abo bangqina ukungcungcuthekiswa, nabo bangcungcuthekisayo ngokwabo.