Yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nosulelo losulelo lomntu lwePapillomavirus

Umxholo

• Izizathu ze-HPV
• Iimpawu ze-HPV
• I-HPV emadodeni
• I-HPV kwabasetyhini
• Uvavanyo lwe-HPV
• Abafazi
• Amadoda
• Unyango lwe-HPV
• Ungayifumana njani i-HPV?
• Uthintelo lwe-HPV
• I-HPV kunye nokukhulelwa
• Iinyani ze-HPV kunye nezibalo

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni usulelo lwe-papillomavirus yomntu?

I-papillomavirus yomntu (i-HPV) sisifo sentsholongwane esidlulayo phakathi kwabantu ngokudibana kolusu nolusu. Kukho iindidi ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV, ezidlulayo kunxibelelwano ngokwesondo kwaye zinokuchaphazela amalungu akho esini, umlomo, okanye umqala.

Ngokwe-HPV sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Kuqhelekile ukuba uninzi lwabantu ababelana ngesondo baya kufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngaxa lithile, nokuba banamaqabane ambalwa ezesondo.

Ezinye iimeko zosulelo lwe-HPV yesini sangoku azinakubangela naziphi na iingxaki zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV zinokukhokelela kuphuhliso lweentsumpa zangasese kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, umva, nomqala.

Izizathu ze-HPV

Intsholongwane ebangela usulelo lwe-HPV idluliselwa ngokudibana kolusu nolusu. Uninzi lwabantu lufumana usulelo lwe-HPV yesini ngokwabelana ngesondo ngqo, kubandakanya isini sangasese, ezimpundu, kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-HPV sisifo solusu esikhumbeni, iintlobano zesini azifuneki ukuba ukuhambisa kwenzeke.

Abantu abaninzi bane-HPV kwaye abayazi nokuyazi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba usengayifumana ikhontrakthi nokuba iqabane lakho alinazo iimpawu. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neentlobo ezininzi ze-HPV.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umama one-HPV unokuhambisa le ntsholongwane kusana lwakhe ngexesha lokubeleka. Xa oku kusenzeka, umntwana angakhula imeko ebizwa ngokuba yinto ephindaphindayo yokuphefumla i-papillomatosis apho baphuhlisa khona iintsumpa ezinxulumene ne-HPV ngaphakathi emqaleni okanye kumoya womoya.

Iimpawu ze-HPV

Rhoqo, usulelo lwe-HPV alubangeli naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo okanye iingxaki zempilo.

Ngapha koko, usulelo lwe-HPV (i-9 kwayi-10) luya kuzihambela ngokwalo kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, ngokwe-CDC. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane isesemzimbeni womntu ngeli xesha, loo mntu angadlulisela ngokungazi i-HPV.

Xa intsholongwane ingahambi yodwa, inokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Oku kubandakanya iintsumpa zangasese kunye neentsumpa emqaleni (ezaziwa njengephillomatosis yokuphefumla ephindaphindayo).

I-HPV inokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye neminye imihlaza yelungu lesini, intloko, intamo kunye nomqala.

Iindidi ze-HPV ezibangela iintsumpa zahlukile kwiindidi ezibangela umhlaza. Ke, ukuba neemfazwe zangasese ezibangelwa yi-HPV akuthethi ukuba uya kuba nomhlaza.

Umhlaza obangelwa yi-HPV uhlala ungabonisi mpawu de umhlaza ukwizigaba zokukhula kamva. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kunokunceda ukufumanisa iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene ne-HPV kwangoko. Oku kunokuphucula umbono kunye nokwandisa amathuba okusinda.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu ze-HPV kunye nosulelo.

I-HPV emadodeni

Amadoda amaninzi osulelwe yi-HPV awana zimpawu, nangona abanye benokuphuma kwiimfazwe. Yiya kugqirha wakho ukuba uphawula nawaphi na amaqhuma okanye izilonda kwilungu lobudoda, kwisingxobo samatyhalarha, okanye ezimpundu.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV zinokubangela umhlaza we-penile, anal, kunye nomqala wamadoda emadodeni. Abanye abantu banokuba semngciphekweni wokuphuhliswa komhlaza onxulumene ne-HPV, kubandakanya amadoda afumana isini ezimpundu kunye namadoda anamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Iintlobo ze-HPV ezibangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini azifani nezo zibangela umhlaza. Fumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nosulelo lwe-HPV emadodeni.

I-HPV kwabasetyhini

Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwabasetyhini baya kuthi banesivumelwano okungenani uhlobo olunye lwe-HPV ngexesha lokudla kwabo ubomi. Njengamadoda, uninzi lwabasetyhini abafumana i-HPV alunazo iimpawu kwaye usulelo luyahamba ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iingxaki zempilo.

Abanye abantu basetyhini banokuthi baqaphele ukuba baneentsumpa kumalungu esini, ezinokubonakala ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi, ngaphakathi okanye ngakuyo, kwi-esusini okanye kwilungu lobufazi.

Yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ukuba uphawula nayiphi na into engachazwanga okanye ukukhula ngaphakathi okanye kwindawo ejikeleze amalungu akho obuni.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV zinokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye umhlaza welungu lobufazi, umva, okanye umqala. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokunceda ekufumaneni utshintsho olunxulumene nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwabasetyhini. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwe-DNA kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko lunokubona iintlobo ze-HPV ezinxulumene nomhlaza wesini.

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV

Ukuvavanywa kwe-HPV kwahlukile emadodeni nakwabasetyhini.

Abafazi

Izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo ezivela kwi-US Prestive Services Task Force (USPSTF) zincomela ukuba abasetyhini mabavavanywe okokuqala kwi-Pap, okanye kwi-Pap smear, kubudala beminyaka engama-21, ngaphandle kokuqala kwesondo.

Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwePap kunceda ekuchongeni iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwabasetyhini. Oku kunokubonisa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-HPV.

Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kuma-29 kufuneka babe novavanyo lwePap qho kwiminyaka emithathu. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-65, abafazi mabenze enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• ukufumana uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu
• fumana uvavanyo lwe-HPV rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu; iya kujonga iintlobo ezinobungozi obuphezulu be-HPV (hrHPV)
• fumana zombini iimvavanyo kunye rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu; oku kwaziwa ngokuba kukuvavanya

Iimvavanyo ezizimeleyo zikhethwa ngaphezu kovavanyo kunye, ngokwe-USPSTF.

Ukuba umncinci kuneminyaka engama-30, ugqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wamazinyo unokucela uvavanyo lwe-HPV ukuba iziphumo zakho zePap aziqhelekanga.

Kukho ze-HPV ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza. Ukuba unayo enye yezi ngxaki, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukukujonga malunga notshintsho lomlomo wesibeleko.

Kuya kufuneka ufumane uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho unokucela inkqubo yokulandelela, njenge-colposcopy.

Utshintsho lomlomo wesibeleko olukhokelela kumhlaza kuhlala kuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukukhula, kwaye usulelo lwe-HPV luhlala luzihambela ngokwalo ngaphandle kokubanga umhlaza. Unokufuna ukulandela ikhondo lokulinda ulindile endaweni yokufumana unyango kwiiseli ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinesifo.

Amadoda

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HPV DNA lufumaneka kuphela ekuchongeni i-HPV kwabasetyhini. Okwangoku akukho vavanyo luvunyiweyo lwe-FDA lufumanekayo lokuchonga i-HPV emadodeni.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukujongwa kwesiqhelo komhlaza, womqala, okanye wesini kumadoda awukhuthazwa okwangoku.

Abanye oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lwePap lwangaphambili kumadoda anomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wangasemva. Oku kubandakanya amadoda afumana isondo ezimpundu kunye namadoda ane-HIV.

Unyango lwe-HPV

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-HPV zihamba zodwa, ke akukho lonyango kusulelo ngokwalo. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuba uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uhlole.

Iimfazwe zomzimba zingaphathwa ngamayeza kagqirha, ukutshisa ngombane, okanye ukubanda nge-nitrogen engamanzi. Kodwa, ukulahla iintsumpa zomzimba akuyinyangi intsholongwane uqobo, kwaye iintsumpa zinokubuya.

Iiseli ezinomhlaza zingasuswa ngenkqubo emfutshane eyenziweyo kwiofisi kagqirha wakho. Umhlaza ophuma kwi-HPV unokunyangwa ngeendlela ezinje ngechemotherapy, unyango ngemitha, okanye uqhaqho. Ngamanye amaxesha, iindlela ezininzi zinokusetyenziswa.

Okwangoku azikho naziphi na unyango lwendalo oluxhaswe lonyango olufumanekayo kusulelo lwe-HPV.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-HPV kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kubalulekile ekuchongeni, ekubekeni esweni nasekunyangeni iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa lusulelo lwe-HPV. Jonga iindlela zokhetho ze-HPV.

Ungayifumana njani i-HPV?

Nabani na ononxibelelwano ngokwesikhumba nolusu usengozini yosulelo lwe-HPV. Ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zibeke umntu emngciphekweni wokosuleleka yi-HPV zibandakanya:

• ukwanda kwenani lamaqabane ezesondo
• ukungakhuselekanga ngokwesini, ngomlomo, okanye ngesondo ezimpundwini
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• ukuba neqabane lokwabelana ngesondo eline-HPV

Ukuba uthatha uhlobo lomngcipheko ophezulu we-HPV, ezinye izinto zinokwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba usulelo luqhubeke kwaye lube nomhlaza:

• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• ukuba nezinye ii-STIs, ezinjenge-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, kunye ne-herpes simplex
• ukudumba okungapheliyo
• ukuba nabantwana abaninzi (umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko)
• ukusebenzisa izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo ixesha elide (umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko)
• ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (umlomo okanye umhlaza womqala)
• Ukwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini (umhlaza wangasemva)

Uthintelo lwe-HPV

Ezona ndlela zilula zokuthintela i-HPV kukusebenzisa iikhondom kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ukongeza, isitofu sokugonya seGardasil 9 siyafumaneka kuthintelo lweentsumpa kumalungu esini kunye nomhlaza obangelwa yi-HPV. Isitofu sokugonya sinokukhusela kwiintlobo ezilithoba ze-HPV ezaziwa ukuba zinxulunyaniswa nomhlaza okanye iintsumpa zangasese.

I-CDC icebisa isitofu sokugonya se-HPV samakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana aneminyaka eli-11 okanye eyi-12. Amayeza amabini esitofu anikwa ubuncinci iinyanga ezintandathu ngokwahlukeneyo. Abafazi kunye namadoda aneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-26 banokugonywa kwishedyuli yedosi ezintathu.

Ukongeza, abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-27 nengama-45 abangakhange bagonyelwe i-HPV ngaphambili bagonyo ngeGardasil 9.

Ukuthintela iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene ne-HPV, qiniseka ukufumana uvavanyo lwempilo rhoqo, ukuhlolwa, kunye nePap smears. Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokulunga kunye nokuchaphazeleka kogonyo lwe-HPV.

I-HPV kunye nokukhulelwa

Ukungena kwi-HPV akwehlisi amathuba akho okuba ukhulelwe. Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye une-HPV, unganqwenela ukulibazisa unyango de kube semva kokuhanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, usulelo lwe-HPV lunokubangela iingxaki.

Utshintsho lwehomoni olwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukuba iintsumpa zangasese zikhule kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ezi ntsumpa zisopha. Ukuba iintsumpa kumalungu esini zixhaphakile, zinokwenza ukuhanjiswa kwelungu lobufazi kube nzima.

Xa ii-warts zangasese zivimba umjelo wokuzalwa, icandelo le-C linokufuneka.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, owasetyhini one-HPV unokuyidlulisela kusana lwakhe. Xa oku kusenzeka, imeko enqabileyo kodwa enzulu ebizwa ngokuba yinto ephindaphindayo yokuphefumla i-papillomatosis inokwenzeka. Kule meko, abantwana bakhula ukukhula okunxulumene ne-HPV kwiindlela zabo zomoya.

Utshintsho lomlomo wesibeleko lusenokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ke kuya kufuneka ucwangcise ukuqhubeka nokuhlola rhoqo umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-HPV ngelixa ukhulelwe. Fumanisa okungakumbi malunga ne-HPV kunye nokukhulelwa.

Iinyani ze-HPV kunye nezibalo

Nazi ezinye iinyani kunye namanani malunga nosulelo lwe-HPV:

• I-CDC iqikelela ukuba abantu baseMelika bane-HPV. Uninzi lwaba bantu sele bekwishumi elivisayo okanye kwi-20s.
• Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantu baya kusanda kufumana ikhontrakthi ye-HPV rhoqo ngonyaka.
• E-United States, i-HPV ibangela umhlaza unyaka nonyaka kumadoda nabasetyhini.
• Kuqikelelwa ukuba umhlaza wangasemva ubangelwa lusulelo lwe-HPV. Uninzi lwezi meko lubangelwa luhlobo olunye lwe-HPV: HPV 16.
• Iintlobo ezimbini ze-HPV-HPV 16 kunye ne-18-akhawunti ubuncinci bamatyala omhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ugonyo lunokukhusela ekufumaneni ezi ntlobo.
• Ngo-2006 kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba kugonywe i-HPV okokuqala. Ukusukela ngoko, ukuncitshiswa kweentlobo ze-HPV ezigqunywe ngesitofu sokugonya kuye kwaqatshelwa kumantombazana akwishumi elivisayo eUnited States.