Iindlela zokutya kunye nokutya - abantwana iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2

Ukutya okufanele ubudala:

• Inika umntwana wakho isondlo esifanelekileyo
• Ilungile imeko yokukhula komntwana wakho
• Unokunceda ukuthintela ukutyeba kakhulu komntwana

Iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8

Kule minyaka, umntwana wakho uya kutya malunga nama-4 ukuya kuma-6 ngamaxesha ngosuku, kodwa uya kutya kakhulu kwisondlo ngasinye kuneenyanga ezi-6 zokuqala.

• Ukuba utyisa ifomula, usana lwakho luza kutya malunga nee-ounces ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 (i-180 ukuya kwi-240 yeemililitha) ngokutyisa, kodwa akufuneki ibe nee-ounces ezingaphezulu kwama-32 (950 milliliters) kwiiyure ezingama-24.
• Ungaqala ukwazisa ukutya okuqinileyo kwiinyanga ezi-6 zobudala. Uninzi lweekhalori zomntwana wakho kusafuneka zivela kubisi lwebele okanye kwifomula.
• Ubisi lwebele aluyontsusa elungileyo yentsimbi. Ke emva kweenyanga ezi-6, umntwana wakho uya kuqala ukufuna i-iron engaphezulu. Qalisa ukondla okuqinileyo ngokutya okuziinkozo okusisi okuxutywe nobisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo. Hlanganisa nobisi olwaneleyo ukuze ubume bube buncinci kakhulu. Qala ngokunikezela nge-cereal amaxesha ama-2 ngosuku, kwiicephe ezimbalwa.
• Unokwenza umxube ube mkhulu njengoko umntwana wakho efunda ukuwulawula emlonyeni wabo.
• Unokwazisa kwakhona ukutya okune-iron-pureed pureed, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno. Zama ii-ertyisi eziluhlaza, iminqathe, ibhatata, isikwashi, iapilesauce, amapere, iibhanana kunye neepesika.
• Abanye abantu abadla ngokutya bacebisa ukuba bazise imifuno embalwa ngaphambi kweziqhamo. Ubumnandi beziqhamo bungenza eminye imifuno ingathandeki.
• Isixa esityiwa ngumntwana wakho siyakwahluka phakathi kweepunipuni ezimbini (30 gram) kunye neekomityi ezi-2 (480 gram) zeziqhamo nemifuno ngosuku. Ukutya kakhulu umntwana wakho kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokuba zitya kangakanani iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

Zininzi iindlela onokuthi uxele ukuba umntwana wakho ukulungele ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo:

• Ubunzima bokuzalwa komntwana wakho buphindwe kabini.
• Usana lwakho luyakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwentloko nentamo.
• Umntwana wakho unokuhlala kunye nenkxaso ethile.
• Usana lwakho lunokubonisa ukuba zizele ngokuguqula iintloko zalo okanye ngokungawuvuli umlomo.
• Umntwana wakho uqala ukubonisa umdla kukutya xa abanye besitya.

Kuya kufuneka uyazi:

• Ungaze unike ubusi kusana lwakho. Inokuba neentsholongwane ezinokubangela i-botulism, isifo esinqabileyo, kodwa esibi.
• Musa ukunika umntwana wakho ubisi lwenkomo de babe nonyaka omnye. Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1 zinobunzima ekucoleni ubisi lweenkomo.
• Ungaze ulalise umntwana wakho ngebhotile. Oku kunokubangela ukubola kwamazinyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna ukuncanca, mnike i-pacifier.
• Sebenzisa icephe elincinci xa utyisa umntwana wakho.
• Kulungile ukuqala ukunika umntwana wakho amanzi phakathi kokondliwa.
• Ungamniki umntwana wakho okusanhlamvu kwibhotile ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha otya ukutya ucebisa, umzekelo, ngereflux.
• Nika umntwana wakho ukutya okutsha kuphela xa elambile.
• Yazisa ukutya okutsha ngexesha, ulinde iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 phakathi. Ngale ndlela unokujonga ukusabela komzimba. Iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba zibandakanya urhudo, ukukhawuleza, okanye ukugabha.
• Gwema ukutya kunye netyuwa okanye iswekile.
• Tyisa usana lwakho ngokuthe ngqo engqayini ukuba usebenzisa yonke imixholo yeengqayi. Ngaphandle koko, sebenzisa isitya ukukhusela ukugula okubangelwa kukutya.
• Izikhongozeli ezivulekileyo zokutya komntwana kufuneka zigutyungelwe kwaye zigcinwe kwifriji ngaphandle kweentsuku ezi-2.

Iinyanga ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ZABUDALA

Kule minyaka, unganikezela ngokutya ngeminwe ngesixa esincinci. Umntwana wakho uya kuthi akwazise ukuba bakulungele ukuqala ukuzondla ngokubamba ukutya okanye icephe ngesandla sabo.

Ukutya okufanelekileyo komnwe kubandakanya:

• Imifuno ethambileyo ephekiweyo
• Iziqhamo ezihlanjiweyo nezihluziweyo
• Abaqhekezi bakaGraham
• Isonka saseMelba
• IiNoodle

Unokwazisa kwakhona ukutya okutyayo, njenge:

• Imigca ye thowusti
• Abaqholi abangatywinwanga kunye neebhegels
• Amaqebengwana enziwe ngamazinyo

Qhubeka nokunika umntwana wakho ubisi lwebele okanye ifomula amaxesha ama-3 ukuya kwayi-4 ngemini kobu ubudala.

Kuya kufuneka uyazi:

• Kulumkele ukutya okunokubangela ukurhwaxwa, okufana neziqwenga zama-apile okanye izilayi, iidiliya, amaqunube, iivini ezomileyo, ukutya okuziinkozo okomileyo, izinja ezishushu, iisoseji, ibhotolo yamandongomane, ipapa, amandongomane, iimbewu, iilekese ezingqukuva kunye nemifuno eluhlaza.
• Unganika umntwana wakho izikhupha zamaqanda amaxesha ama-3 ukuya kwayi-4 ngeveki. Abanye abantwana banovakalelo kumhlophe qanda. Ke musa ukubanikela de kube emva kweminyaka eyi-1.
• Unokunikela ngexabiso elincinci leeshizi, i-cottage cheese, kunye ne-yogurt, kodwa akukho bisi lweenkomo.
• Ngeminyaka eyi-1, uninzi lwabantwana luphumile ebhotileni. Ukuba umntwana wakho usasebenzisa ibhotile, kufanele ibe namanzi kuphela.

UNYAKA 1 WABUDALA

• Kule minyaka, unokunika umntwana wakho ubisi olupheleleyo endaweni yobisi lwebele okanye ifomula.
• Uninzi loomama eUnited States balumla abantwana babo ngeli xesha. Kodwa kulungile ukuba uqhubeke nokonga ukuba wena nosana lwakho nifuna njalo.
• Musa ukunika umntwana wakho ubisi olunamafutha asezantsi (2%, 1%, okanye skim) de kube semva kweminyaka emi-2. Umntwana wakho ufuna iikhalori ezongezelelekileyo kumanqatha ukuze akhule kwaye akhule.
• Kule minyaka, umntwana wakho uya kufumana uninzi lwezondlo zawo kwiiprotheni, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, isonka kunye neenkozo, kunye nobisi. Unokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke iivithamini kunye neeminerals abazidingayo ngokunika iintlobo zokutya.
• Umntwana wakho uya kuqala ukukhasa ahambe kwaye asebenze ngakumbi. Baza kutya izixa ezincinane ngexesha, kodwa baya kutya rhoqo (amaxesha ama-4 ukuya kwayi-6 ngemini). Ukuba nokutya okutyayo ngesandla ngumbono olungileyo.
• Kule minyaka, ukukhula kwabo kuyacotha. Abayi kuphinda kabini ngobukhulu njengoko benzayo xa babelusana.

Kuya kufuneka uyazi:

• Ukuba umntwana wakho akakuthandi ukutya okutsha, zama ukukunika kwakhona ngelinye ixesha. Rhoqo kuthatha amatyeli aliqela abantwana ukuba bathathe ukutya okutsha.
• Musa ukunika umntwana wakho iilekese okanye iziselo ezinencasa. Banokulonakalisa umdla wabo wokutya kwaye babangele ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Gwema ityuwa, iziqholo ezomeleleyo, kunye neemveliso zecaffeine, kubandakanya iziselo ezinxilisayo, ikofu, iti kunye netshokholethi.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho unomdla, banokufuna ingqalelo, kunokutya.

IMINYAKA emi-2 yobudala

• Emva kokuba umntwana wakho ejika i-2, ukutya komntwana wakho kufanele kube kumgangatho ophantsi kumanqatha. Ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kunokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo kamva ebomini.
• Umntwana wakho kufuneka atye iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kwiqela ngalinye lokutya: isonka kunye neenkozo, iiproteni, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kunye nobisi.
• Ukuba amanzi akho awekho fluoridated, licebo elihle ukusebenzisa intlama yamazinyo okanye i-mouthwash ene-fluoride eyongeziweyo.

Bonke abantwana badinga i-calcium eninzi ukuxhasa amathambo abo akhulayo. Kodwa ayingabo bonke abantwana aboneleyo. Imithombo elungileyo yecalcium ibandakanya:

• Ubisi olunamafutha asezantsi okanye olungenamafutha, iyogathi, kunye netshizi
• Imifuno ephekiweyo
• Isalmon enkonkxiweyo (enamathambo)

Ukuba ukutya komntwana wakho kulunge kwaye kunempilo, akufuneki ukuba badinge isongezelelo sevithamini. Abanye abantwana badla ngokukhetha, kodwa bahlala befumana zonke izondlo abazifunayo. Ukuba unenkxalabo, buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ngaba umntwana wakho ufuna i-multivitamin yabantwana.

Fowunela umnikezeli ukuba unomdla kumntwana wakho:

• Ngaba awutyi ngokwaneleyo
• Ngaba utya kakhulu
• Ngaba ufumana ubunzima obuninzi okanye obuncinci kakhulu
• Ngaba uxabane ukutya

Ukondla abantwana iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2; Ukutya okufanelekileyo ubudala - abantwana iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2; Iintsana-ukondla ukutya okuqinileyo

IAmerican Academy yePediatrics, Icandelo lokuncancisa; UJohnston M, Landers S, Noble L, Szucs K, Viehmann L. Ukuncancisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kobisi lomntu. IPediatrics. Ngo-2012; 129 (3): e827-e841. IINKCUKACHA: 22371471 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371471.

IAmerican Academy yePediatrics iwebhusayithi. Isiseko sokondla iibhotile. www.healthychildren.org/IsiNgesi/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Bottle-Feeding-How-Its-Done.aspx. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 21, 2012. Kufumaneka ngoJulayi 23, 2019.

Iipaki ze-EP, uShaikhkhalil A, uSainath NN, uMitchell JA, uBrownell JN, uStallings VA. Ukondla iintsana ezisempilweni, abantwana kunye nolutsha. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 56.

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