Isodiyam yegazi esezantsi (Hyponatremia)

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zesodiyam esezantsi egazini
• Iimbangela zesodium ephantsi egazini
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wesodium ephantsi egazini?
• Uvavanyo lwe-sodium esezantsi egazini
• Unyango lwe-sodium ephantsi yegazi
• Ukuthintela i-sodium ephantsi yegazi
• Ezinye iingxaki ze-electrolyte: Hypernatremia

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Kuthetha ntoni ukuba nesodiyam ephantsi yegazi?

Isodiyam yi-electrolyte ebalulekileyo enceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi ngaphakathi nakwiiseli zakho. Kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemisipha kunye nemithambo-luvo. Kuyanceda ukugcina amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukungabikho kwesodium egazini lakho kwaziwa njenge hyponatremia. Kwenzeka xa amanzi kunye nesodiyamu zingalingani. Ngamanye amagama, kukho amanzi amaninzi kakhulu okanye akwanelanga isodiyam egazini lakho.

Ngokwesiqhelo, inqanaba lesodiyam kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-135 kunye ne-145 yeemilimitha ngetitha nganye (mEq / L). IHyponatremia yenzeka xa inqanaba lesodiyam lihamba ngaphantsi kwe-135 mEq / L.

Iimpawu zesodiyam esezantsi egazini

Iimpawu zesodiyam yegazi ephantsi inokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-sodium ehla ngokuthe ngcembe, unokungafumani zimpawu. Ukuba ziyehla ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu zakho zinokuba nzima ngakumbi.

Ukuphulukana nesodiyamu ngokukhawuleza kungxamiseko kwezonyango. Ingabangela ukulahleka kwengqondo, ukuxhamla, kunye ne-coma.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesodium ephantsi yegazi zibandakanya:

• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa okanye amandla aphantsi
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• izihlunu okanye izihlunu
• ukudideka
• ukucaphuka

Iimbangela zesodium ephantsi egazini

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela isodiyam ephantsi yegazi. Amanqanaba akho e-sodium anokuhla kakhulu ukuba umzimba wakho uphulukana namanzi amaninzi kunye nee-electrolyte. IHyponatremia inokuba luphawu lweemeko ezithile zonyango.

Izizathu zesodium ephantsi zibandakanya:

• ukugabha kakhulu okanye urhudo
• ukuthatha amayeza athile, kubandakanya neyeza lokuthomalalisa uxinzelelo kunye neyeza zentlungu
• ukuthatha i-diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi)
• ukusela amanzi kakhulu ngexesha lokuzilolonga (oku kunqabile kakhulu)
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• isifo sezintso okanye ukusilela kwezintso
• isifo sesibindi
• iingxaki zentliziyo, kubandakanya ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo
• iingxaki ze-adrenal gland, ezifana nesifo se-Addison, esichaphazela amandla akho e-adrenal glands 'ukulawula umlinganiselo we-sodium, i-potassium kunye namanzi emzimbeni wakho
• i-hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi)
• i-polydipsia ephambili, imeko apho ukunxanwa okungaphezulu kukwenza ukuba usele kakhulu
• usebenzisa ukonwaba
• isifo sehomoni ye-antidiuretic engafanelekanga (SIADH), eyenza umzimba wakho ugcine amanzi
• isifo seswekile i-insipidus, imeko enqabileyo apho umzimba ungenzi i-hormone ye-antidiuretic
• ICushing's syndrome, ebangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-cortisol (oku kunqabile)

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wesodium ephantsi egazini?

Izinto ezithile zonyusa umngcipheko we-sodium ephantsi yegazi, kubandakanya:

• iminyaka emidala
• Ukusetyenziswa komchamo
• Ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo
• ukuba ngumdlali weqonga ophezulu
• uhlala kwindawo eshushu
• ukutya ukutya okune-sodium encinci
• ukusilela kwentliziyo, isifo sezintso, isifo sehomoni engeyiyo ye-anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH), okanye ezinye iimeko

Ukuba usemngciphekweni we-sodium ephantsi, kusenokufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi indlela othatha ngayo ii-electrolyte kunye namanzi.

Uvavanyo lwe-sodium esezantsi egazini

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ugqirha wakho akhangele amanqanaba asezantsi esodium. Nokuba awunazo iimpawu zesodiyam ephantsi yegazi, ugqirha wakho unoku-odola iphaneli esisiseko ye-metabolic. Olu vavanyo lixabiso le-electrolyte kunye neeminerali egazini lakho. Iphaneli esisiseko ye-metabolic ihlala iyinxalenye yesiqhelo somzimba. Inokuchonga isodiyam yegazi esezantsi emntwini ngaphandle kweempawu.

Ukuba amanqanaba akho aqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lomchamo ukujonga inani le-sodium kumchamo wakho. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo ziya kunceda ugqirha wakho abone unobangela wesodiyam ephantsi yegazi:

• Ukuba amanqanaba esodiyam egazini akho asezantsi kodwa amanqanaba esodium womchamo aphezulu, umzimba wakho uphulukana nesodiyam eninzi.
• Amanqanaba esodiyamu asezantsi egazini lakho nakwimichamo yakho kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awuthathi ngokwaneleyo isodiyam. Kunokubakho amanzi amaninzi emzimbeni wakho.

Unyango lwe-sodium ephantsi yegazi

Unyango lwe-sodium ephantsi yegazi luyahlukahluka kuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Ingabandakanya:

• ukunciphisa ukuthoba ukutya
• Ukulungelelanisa idosi ye-diuretics
• ukuthatha amayeza kwiimpawu ezinjengeentloko, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlutha
• ukunyanga iimeko ezisisiseko
• ukufaka isisombululo se-intravenous (IV) sesodium

Ukuthintela i-sodium ephantsi yegazi

Ukugcina amanzi akho kunye namanqanaba e-electrolyte ngokulinganisela kunokunceda ukukhusela i-sodium ephantsi yegazi.

Ukuba ungumdlali weembaleki, kubalulekile ukuba usele isixa esifanelekileyo samanzi ngexesha lokuzilolonga. Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukusela isiselo sokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni, njengeGatorade okanye iPowerade. Ezi ziselo ziqulethe ii-electrolyte, kubandakanya isodiyam. Banceda ukuzalisa isodiyam elahlekileyo ngokubila. Ezi ziselo ziyanceda xa uphulukana nolwelo oluninzi ngokugabha okanye urhudo.

Ngexesha lomhla oqhelekileyo, abasetyhini kufuneka bajonge ukusela iilitha ezi-2.2 zolwelo. Amadoda kufuneka ajonge iilitha ezi-3. Xa uhlanjululwe ngokwaneleyo, umchamo wakho uya kuba mthubi mthubi okanye ucace kwaye awuzukuziva unxaniwe.

Kubalulekile ukonyusa ukungenisa ulwelo xa:

• Imozulu ishushu
• ukwindawo ephakamileyo
• ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa
• uyagabha
• unesisu esihambisayo
• unefiva

Akufanele usele ngaphezulu kwe-1 litre yamanzi ngeyure. Ungalibali ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba usele amanzi amaninzi ngokukhawuleza.

Ezinye iingxaki ze-electrolyte: Hypernatremia

Hypernatremia inqabile. Kwenzeka xa umntu angafumani manzi ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yokufikelela okulinganiselweyo emanzini okanye indlela yokunxanwa engalunganga. Kubangelwa okungaqhelekanga sisifo seswekile i-insipidus. Kwenzeka xa inqanaba lesodiyam yesodium yakho idlula kwi-145 mEq / L.

Hypernatremia inokubangela:

• ukudideka
• Ukonwaba kwe-neuromuscular
• Isifo sephepha
• ukuxhuzula
• ikhoma