Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni

Umxholo

• Iindidi zamachiza
• Izikhuthazi
• Iipioids
• Hallucinogens
• Uxinzelelo okanye ukuthomalalisa
• Ukuqonda imiqondiso yeziyobisi
• Izikhuthazi
• Iipioids
• Hallucinogens
• Izinketho zonyango
• Inkqubo yokunyanga ngaphakathi
• Inkqubo yokuvuselela abagulayo
• Iinkqubo ezili-12
• Unyango ngengqondo okanye unyango lokuziphatha
• Amayeza
• Izixhobo
• Okulindelweyo kunye nembono yexesha elide

Ushwankathelo

Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni zezi zingekho mthethweni ukuzenza, ukuzithengisa okanye ukuzisebenzisa. Ziquka:

• icocaine
• amphetamines
• Iheroin
• hallucinogens

Uninzi lweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni zikhobokisa kakhulu kwaye zibeka emngciphekweni omkhulu. Ukusebenzisa la machiza kuhlala kuqala njengokuzama okanye ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ingaqala ekusebenziseni amayeza eentlungu amiselweyo ukunyanga ukugula okanye ukonzakala.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, umsebenzisi unokubambeka kwimpembelelo yengqondo okanye yomzimba ichiza. Oku kukhokelela kumsebenzisi ofuna into engaphezulu ukuze afumane iziphumo ezifanayo. Ngaphandle koncedo, umntu olikhoboka leziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni uya kubeka impilo yakhe kunye nokhuseleko emngciphekweni.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba umlutha ayibobuthathaka okanye ukhetho. Ngokwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), umlutha sisifo esinganyangekiyo esenza ukuba abantu bafune umvuzo okanye isiqabu ngezinto okanye ngezinye iindlela zokuziphatha.

Iindidi zamachiza

Iziphumo zeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni zixhomekeka kuhlobo lweziyobisi. Iziyobisi zihlelwe ngokwamaqela ngokwempembelelo zazo:

Izikhuthazi

Izinto ezikhuthazayo zibandakanya icocaine okanye imethamphetamines. Zibangela uxinzelelo kunye nokunyusa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.

Iipioids

Iiopioids zizipilisi zentlungu ezichaphazela neekhemikhali kwingqondo ezilawula imeko. Banokucinezela okanye bacothise inkqubo ye-nervous system kwaye banokuchaphazela ukuphefumla.

Hallucinogens

Intsangu, i-psilocybin mushroom, kunye ne-LSD zonke zithathwa njenge-hallucinogens. Batshintsha umbono womsebenzisi wendawo, ixesha, kunye nenyani.

Uxinzelelo okanye ukuthomalalisa

La machiza awahlali engekho mthethweni. Kodwa abantu banokufumana iziyobisi kuzo zonke iintlobo zonyango. Ukuba iziyobisi zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezingakhange zichazwe ngumntu olikhoboka leziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, banokugqibela bebile ukugcina ukubonelelwa kwabo.

Ukuqonda imiqondiso yeziyobisi

Abanye abantu abakhoboka leziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni banokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokudibeneyo. Banokutshintsha phakathi kokuthatha iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa nokuba zithathwa njani iziyobisi, kukho iindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ezinokubonisa ukuba likhoboka:

• utshintsho olukhulu, olungaqhelekanga, okanye olukhawulezileyo kwinqanaba lamandla
• Ukuziphatha gwenxa okanye utshintsho lobundlobongela
• ukuzibandakanya ekufumaneni nasekusebenziseni iziyobisi
• Ukurhoxa kubahlobo nakusapho
• ubuhlobo obutsha nabanye abasebenzisi
• ukuya kwiminyhadala yoluntu apho ichiza liza kubakho khona
• iingxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo okanye ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwesiyobisi ngaphandle komngcipheko womzimba
• indlela yokuziphatha eyaphula isimilo somntu okanye amaxabiso akhe ukuze ufumane ichiza
• Iziphumo zomthetho okanye zobungcali ezivela ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa kweziyobisi, ezinje ngokubanjwa okanye ukuphulukana nomsebenzi

Kukho neempawu ezithile ezinxulunyaniswa neendidi ezithile zeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.

Izikhuthazi

Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zibandakanya:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ubushushu bomzimba
• ukuhla ukusinda
• izifo ezinxulumene nokusilela kweevithamini kunye nokungondleki
• ukuphazamiseka kolusu okanye izilonda
• ukuphuthelwa
• ukudakumba
• abafundi abahluthayo rhoqo

Iipioids

Iziyobisi zeOpioid zinokubangela:

• amajoni omzimba athathaka ngenxa yokungondleki
• usulelo ludlula ngegazi
• imiba zesisu
• ubunzima bokuphefumla

Iziyobisi ezinjengeheroin zikwenza wozele, ngoko ke abo baxhaphazayo baya kubonakala ngathi badinwe kakhulu. Kwakhona, xa umsebenzisi engafumani ngokwaneleyo kwichiza, banokuba namava:

• Ukugodola
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukugabha

Hallucinogens

Ukuxhatshazwa kweHallucinogen kuxhaphake kakhulu kunesiyobisi se-hallucinogen. Iimpawu zoxhatshazo zinokubandakanya:

• abafundi abaxubileyo
• iintshukumo ezingalungelelananga
• igazi elonyukayo
• isiyezi
• ukugabha

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho neemvakalelo zokuzibulala okanye ezinobundlobongela.

Izinketho zonyango

Unyango lweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni lunokubandakanya ukunyanga ngaphakathi okanye ukunyanga ngaphandle kunye nonyango lokugcina. Rhoqo kunokuba nzima ukuba umntu olikhoboka leziyobisi ayeke ukuzisebenzisa kwaye ahlale esempilweni ngaphandle koncedo lobungcali.

Inkqubo yokurhoxa inokuba yingozi kwaye yonakalise impilo yomsebenzisi. Abantu abaninzi kufuneka babe phantsi kweliso likagqirha kwiiveki zokuqala zokuqaqamba ukuze bakwazi ukukhupha i-detox ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukudityaniswa kwezi ndlela zonyango zilandelayo kunokuba yimfuneko:

Inkqubo yokunyanga ngaphakathi

Inkqubo yokunyanga isigulana ihlala sisiqalo esihle somntu onamakhoboka eziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Oogqirha, abongikazi, kunye nonyango babek 'esweni lo mntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba bakhuselekile.

Ekuqaleni, umntu unokuba neempawu zomzimba ezibi njengoko umzimba wakhe uhlengahlengisa ukungabinachiza.

Emva kokurhoxa ngokwasemzimbeni, banokugxila ekuhlambulukeni kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ubude beenkqubo zokunyanga ngaphakathi bunokwahluka. Kuxhomekeke kwiziko, imeko, kunye nokugubungela i-inshurensi.

Inkqubo yokuvuselela abagulayo

Kwinkqubo yezigulana ezingalaliswayo abantu baya kwiiklasi kunye neengcebiso kwiziko. Kodwa bayaqhubeka nokuhlala ekhaya kwaye baya kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nomsebenzi.

Iinkqubo ezili-12

Iinkqubo ezinje ngeNarcotic Anonymous (NA) kunye neziyobisi iziyobisi ezingaziwa (iDAA) zilandela indlela efanayo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo njengotywala obungaziwayo (AA).

Ezi nkqubo zigxile kwimigaqo eyaziwa ngokuba ngamanyathelo ali-12. Umntu ujongene nesiyobisi sakhe kwaye uya kufunda ukukhulisa indlela yokuziphatha entsha. Ezi nkqubo zikwasebenza njengamaqela enkxaso ngokubandakanya abanye abantu abanamakhoboka.

Unyango ngengqondo okanye unyango lokuziphatha

Umntu onomlutha unokuxhamla kunyango lomntu ngamnye. Iziyobisi zihlala zihlala zibandakanya imicimbi yeemvakalelo ekufuneka kujongwane nayo ukuze kutshintshwe iindlela zokuzenzakalisa.

Kwakhona, i-Therapist inokunceda umntu oneziyobisi ukumelana neemvakalelo ezichaphazelekayo ekubuyiseni. Umntu onomlutha unokujamelana nokudakumba, ukuziva enetyala kunye neentloni.

Amayeza

Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza ayimfuneko ukunceda ukoyisa iminqweno okanye iminqweno. IMethadone sisiyobisi esinokusetyenziselwa ukunceda iziyobisi ze-heroin zibethe iziyobisi. Kwakhona, i-buprenorphine-naloxone iyafumaneka ukunceda abantu abane-opiate yeziyobisi ukulawula iminqweno.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bayazinyanga. Bajikela kwiziyobisi ukujongana nemicimbi yezempilo yengqondo. Kule meko, i-anti-depressants inokunceda kwinkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni zihlala ziguqula imichiza yobuchopho. Oku kunokuba nzima okanye kutyhile iimeko ezikhoyo zempilo yengqondo. Nje ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kuyekile, ezi meko zempilo yengqondo zihlala zilawulwa ngamayeza afanelekileyo.

Izixhobo

Kukho imibutho ethile encedisa ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nonyango. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-Narcotic Engaziwayo (NA)
• Iziyobisi Iziyobisi ezingaziwa (iDAA)
• Iziko leLizwe leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
• DrugFree.org
• IBhunga leLizwe kuTywala kunye nokuxhomekeka kweziyobisi (i-NCADD)

Abantu abasondeleyo kumntu onomlutha bahlala bejongana noxinzelelo lwabo ngexesha lothandiweyo okanye ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Iinkqubo ezinje ngeAl-Anon zinokunceda iintsapho kunye nabahlobo bomntu onomlutha ukuba zifumane inkxaso.

Okulindelweyo kunye nembono yexesha elide

Unyango lweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni lunokunyangwa. Kodwa kunokuba yinkqubo enzima, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Abantu abanomlutha bahlala besithi "abanyangeki." Bafunda ukumelana nesifo sabo.

Ukubuyela umva kunokwenzeka kodwa kubalulekile ukuba umntu ofuna unyango abuyele emgceni kwaye aqhubeke nonyango.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba kuphuhliswe inkqubo yenkxaso eyomeleleyo ebandakanya abantu abanesidima ukunceda ngokufumana kwakhona ixesha elide.