Ikholesterol: Ngaba yiLipid?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Umsebenzi weepids emzimbeni wakho
• Ubuninzi beepoproteins ezixineneyo ngokuchasene neepoproteins ezixineneyo
• I-cholesterol ye-LDL
• I-cholesterol ye-HDL
• I-Triglycerides
• Ukulinganisa amanqanaba eepidid
• Unyango
• Iingcebiso zokulawula icholesterol

Ushwankathelo

Usenokuba uvile ngamagama athi "lipids" kunye "ne-cholesterol" esetyenziswa ngokufanayo kwaye wacinga ukuba athetha into enye. Inyaniso inzima kancinci kunoko.

I-Lipids ziimolekyuli ezinamafutha ezijikeleza kwigazi lakho. Banokufumaneka kwiiseli nakwizicubu emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeepidids, apho i-cholesterol yaziwa kakhulu.

I-cholesterol ngokwenene iyinxalenye ye-lipid, inxalenye yeprotheni. Kungenxa yoko le nto iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zecholesterol zibizwa ngokuba ziipopoprotein.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-lipid yi-triglyceride.

Umsebenzi weepids emzimbeni wakho

Umzimba wakho ufuna iipilisi ezithile ukuze uhlale usempilweni. Umzekelo weCholesterol, kuzo zonke iiseli zakho. Umzimba wakho wenza icholesterol eyifunayo, ethi yona incede umzimba wakho uvelise:

• iihomoni ezithile
• ivithamin D
• ii-enzymes ezikunceda ukwetyisa ukutya
• Izinto ezifunekayo ekusebenzeni kweseli esempilweni

Ukwafumana i-cholesterol ekutyeni okusekwe kwizilwanyana ekutyeni kwakho, njenge:

• izikhupha zamaqanda
• yobisi olunamafutha apheleleyo
• inyama ebomvu
• inyama yehagu

Amanqanaba aphakathi e-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho alungile. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-lipids, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hyperlipidemia, okanye i-dyslipidemia, yonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Ubuninzi beepoproteins ezixineneyo ngokuchasene neepoproteins ezixineneyo

Ezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zecholesterol zii-lipoproteins ezixineneyo (LDL) kunye ne-lipoproteins ezixineneyo (HDL).

I-cholesterol ye-LDL

I-LDL ithathwa njenge-cholesterol "embi" kuba inokwenza idiphozithi ye-wax ebizwa ngokuba yi-plaque kwimithambo yakho.

Iplaque yenza ukuba imithambo yakho iqine. Inokuvala imithambo yakho, yenze ukuba kungabikho gumbi lijikelezayo ligazi. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis. Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba kuthiwa "lukhuni kwemithambo."

Amacwecwe anokuqhekeka, achithe i-cholesterol kunye namanye amafutha kunye nemveliso yenkunkuma kwigazi lakho.

Ukuphendula kukophuka, iiseli zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets zingxamile ziye kwindawo leyo kwaye zenze amahlwili egazi ukunceda ukuqulethe izinto zangaphandle ngoku ezisegazini.

Ukuba ihlwili legazi likhulu ngokwaneleyo, linokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi. Xa oku kusenzeka komnye wemithambo yentliziyo, ebizwa ngokuba yimithambo yegazi, isiphumo kukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.

Xa i-clot yegazi ibhloka umthambo ebuchotsheni okanye umthambo ophethe igazi ukuya kwingqondo, kunokubangela ukubetha.

I-cholesterol ye-HDL

I-HDL yaziwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo" kuba owona msebenzi wayo kukutshayela i-LDL ukuphuma kwegazi lakho nokubuyela esibindini.

Xa i-LDL ibuyela esibindini, i-cholesterol iyaqhekeka kwaye idluliswe emzimbeni. I-HDL imele kuphela malunga ne-1/4 ukuya kwi-1/3 ye-cholesterol egazini.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL ahambelana nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-HDL, kwelinye icala, adibene nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo esisezantsi.

I-Triglycerides

I-Triglycerides inceda ukugcina amanqatha kwiiseli zakho onokuzisebenzisela amandla. Ukuba utya kakhulu kwaye awenzi umthambo, amanqanaba akho e-triglyceride anokuphakama. Ukusela kakhulu utywala kukwangumngcipheko we-triglycerides ephezulu.

Njenge-LDL, amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride abonakala enxulunyaniswa nesifo sentliziyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba banokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

Ukulinganisa amanqanaba eepidid

Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula lunokubonisa amanqanaba akho e-HDL, i-LDL, kunye ne-triglycerides. Iziphumo zilinganiswa ngeemiligram ngedesilitha nganye (mg / dL). Nazi iinjongo eziqhelekileyo kumanqanaba eepidid:

Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba ugxile kumanani athile, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphila ukuze uncede ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Indlela yesiko yokubala i-cholesterol ye-LDL ithathe i-cholesterol iyonke thabatha i-cholesterol ye-HDL thabatha i-triglycerides yohlulwe ngesi-5.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baseJohn Hopkins bafumanise ukuba le ndlela ayichanekanga kwabanye abantu, ibangela ukuba amanqanaba e-LDL abonakale ephantsi kunokuba ayenjalo, ngakumbi xa i-triglycerides yayingaphezulu kwe-150 mg / dL.

Ukusukela ngoko, abaphandi baye baqulunqa ifomula eyintsokothileyo yokubala.

Ngumbono olungileyo ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ahlolwe qho emva kweminyaka embalwa, ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo.

Ukuba sele uhlaselwe yintliziyo okanye ukubetha, unokucetyiswa ukuba i-cholesterol yakho ihlolwe ngonyaka okanye ngaphezulu.

Isindululo esifanayo siyinyani ukuba unengxaki yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, efana nale:

• igazi elonyukayo
• isifo seswekile
• imbali yokutshaya
• Imbali yosapho yesifo sentliziyo

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna noku-odola i-cholesterol rhoqo ukuba sele uqalile iyeza lokunceda ukuthoba inqanaba le-LDL ukubona ukuba ichiza liyasebenza na.

Amanqanaba e-LDL athambekele ekunyukeni njengoko abantu bekhula. Okufanayo akunjalo kumanqanaba e-HDL. Ukuhlala phantsi kunokukhokelela kumanqanaba asezantsi e-HDL kunye ne-LDL ephezulu kunye neenombolo ze-cholesterol zizonke.

Unyango

IDyslipidemia yinto enobungozi besifo sentliziyo, kodwa kubantu abaninzi iyanyangeka. Kunye nokutya kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL bahlala befuna amayeza ukunceda ukugcina amanqanaba e-LDL kuluhlu olusempilweni.

Iitatins ziphakathi kwamayeza asetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunceda ukulawula i-cholesterol. La machiza ahlala enyamezeleka kwaye ayasebenza.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-statins kwiimarike. Ngamnye usebenza kancinci ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa zonke ziyilelwe ukuthoba amanqanaba e-LDL egazini.

Ukuba unikwe i-statin, kodwa unemiphumo emibi efana ne-muscle aches, xela ugqirha wakho. Idosi esezantsi okanye uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-statin inokusebenza kwaye inciphise naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Kuya kufuneka usebenzise ii-statins okanye elinye ichiza elehlisa i-cholesterol ebomini. Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha amayeza ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho uyalela ukuba wenze njalo, nokuba sele ufikelele kwiinjongo zakho ze-cholesterol.

Amanye amayeza anceda i-LDL esezantsi kunye namanqanaba e-triglyceride anokubandakanya:

• I-bile acid-binding resins
• i-cholesterol absorption inhibitors
• indibaniselwano yokungenisa i-cholesterol inhibitor kunye ne-statin
• iifiber
• niacin
• indibaniselwano statin kunye niacin
• PCSK9 inhibitors

Ngamayeza kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni, uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo i-cholesterol yabo.

Iingcebiso zokulawula icholesterol

Ukongeza kwimimiselo okanye enye imishanguzo yokunciphisa i-cholesterol, unokukwazi ukuphucula iphrofayili yakho ye-lipid kunye nezinye zeenguqu zokuphila ezilandelayo:

• Yitya ukutya okune-cholesterol eninzi kunye namafutha apheleleyo, Njengaleyo ibandakanya inyama ebomvu kakhulu encinci, inyama enamafutha, kunye nobisi olunamafutha apheleleyo. Zama ukutya ukutya okuziinkozo okupheleleyo, amandongomane, ifayibha, iziqhamo nemifuno. Ukutya okunesondlo kwintliziyo nako kusezantsi kwiswekile nakwityuwa. Ukuba ufuna uncedo ekuphuhliseni olu hlobo lokutya, ugqirha wakho unokwenza ukuthunyelwa kwisazi sokutya.
• Zilolonge kakhulu, ukuba ayizizo zonke, iintsuku zeveki. Umbutho wentliziyo yaseMelika ucebisa ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, veki nganye. Umsebenzi omninzi womzimba unxulunyaniswa namanqanaba asezantsi e-LDL kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-HDL.
• Landela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho ngokusebenza kwegazi rhoqo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kumanqanaba akho eepidid. Iziphumo zakho zebhu zingatshintsha kakhulu ukusuka kunyaka omnye ukuya komnye. Ukwamkela ukutya okunesifo sentliziyo kunye nokwenza umthambo rhoqo, ukunciphisa umda kotywala, ukungatshayi, kunye nokuthatha amayeza akho njengoko kumiselwe kunokunceda ukuphucula i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.