Ngaba ityhefu yokutya iyosulela?

Umxholo

• Iindidi zetyhefu yokutya
• 1. Iintsholongwane
• 2. Iintsholongwane
• 3. Izidudu
• Ungakuthintela njani ukusasazeka kwetyhefu yokutya
• Iintsholongwane
• Intsholongwane
• Isidudu
• Ithini imbonakalo yetyhefu yokutya?

Ushwankathelo

Ityhefu yokutya, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukugula okubangelwa kukutya, kubangelwa kukutya okanye ukusela ukutya okanye iziselo ezingcolileyo. Iimpawu zetyhefu yokutya ziyahluka kodwa zinokubandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo, kunye neekram zesisu. Abanye abantu bakwanomkhuhlane.

Kuqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-48 zabantu abagula zizigulo ezibangelwa kukutya minyaka le e-United States, abangama-3 000 bazakufa, ngokokutsho kuka.

Iimpawu zingakhula ngaphakathi kweeyure okanye iintsuku zokutya ukutya okungcolileyo.

Ityhefu yokutya ebangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezithile, iintsholongwane, okanye iiparasites ziyosulela. Ke, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu zetyhefu yokutya, thatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela nokukhusela ukusasazeka kwesifo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ityhefu yokutya sisiphumo seekhemikhali okanye iityhefu ezifumaneka kukutya. Olu hlobo lwetyhefu yokutya aluthathelwa ingqalelo njengosulelo, ngenxa yoko alusuleli kwaye alunwenisanga ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Iindidi zetyhefu yokutya

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezibangelwa kukutya. Uninzi lwezi zifo lubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo.

1. Iintsholongwane

Iibacteria - ezizinto ezincinci ezincinci - zinokungena kwithumbu lesisu (GI) ngokutya okungcolileyo kwaye zizise iimpawu ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo, kunye nentlungu esiswini.

Ibacteria inokukungcolisa ukutya ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Unokuthenga ukutya esele konakele okanye kungcoliswe yintsholongwane.
• Ukutya kwakho kungangcoliseka ngaxa lithile xa kugcinwa okanye kulungiswa.

Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba awuzihlambi izandla zakho phambi kokuba ulungiselele okanye uphathe ukutya. Kungenzeka kwakhona xa ukutya kudibana nomhlaba ongcoliswe yintsholongwane.

Ukugcinwa okungalunganga kokutya, njengokugcina ukutya kubushushu begumbi okanye ngaphandle ixesha elide, kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zikhule kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza.

Kubalulekile ukukhenkcezisa ukutya okanye ukubandisa ukutya emva kokupheka. Musa ukutya ukutya okushiyeke kuhleli ixesha elide. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukutya okungcolileyo kunokungcamla kunye nevumba eliqhelekileyo.

Intsholongwane enokubangela ityhefu yokutya ibandakanya:

• Salmonella
• Shigella
• E. coli (ezinye iintlobo, kubandakanya E. coli O157: H7)
• IListeria
• I-Campylobacter jejuni
• IStaphylococcus aureus (isitampu)

2. Iintsholongwane

Ityhefu yokutya ebangelwa ziintsholongwane nayo inokudlula isuke komnye umntu iye komnye. Intsholongwane eqhelekileyo yokutya yi-norovirus, ebangela ukuvuvukala esiswini nasemathumbu.

IHepatitis A sesinye isifo esibangelwa kukutya okuvela kwintsholongwane. Olu sulelo lusulelayo ngesibindi olubi kakhulu lubangela ukudumba kwesibindi. Intsholongwane kaHepatitis A inokufumaneka esitulweni nasegazini labantu abosulelekileyo.

Ukuba awuzihlambi izandla zakho emva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela, kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulise intsholongwane kwabanye ngokuxhawulana kunye nokunye ukudibana komzimba. Unokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye ukuba ulungisa ukutya okanye iziselo ngezandla ezingcolileyo.

Iintsholongwane ezosulelayo ezibangelwa kukutya nazo zisasazeka ngokudibana ngokungangqalanga. Ngalo lonke ixesha losuku, unokuchukumisa imiphezulu eliqela ngezandla ezingcolileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukutshintshela ukukhanya, izixhobo zokubala, iifowuni, kunye neziphatho zeminyango. Nabani na ochukumisa le mihlaba unokugula xa bebeka izandla zabo emlonyeni wabo.

Intsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zihlala ngaphandle komzimba kwiindawo ezinzima iiyure, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iintsuku. I-Salmonella kunye ne-campylobacter banokuhlala kumphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezine, ngelixa i-norovirus inokuphila ngaphezulu kweeveki.

3. Izidudu

Izidleleli ezinokubangela ityhefu yokutya zibandakanya:

• Giardia duodenalis (eyayisaziwa njenge G. lamblia)
• I-Cryptosporidium parvum
• ICyclospora cayetanensis
• Toxoplasma gondii
• I-Trichinella spiralis
• Taenia saginata
• Taenia solium

Iincukuthu zizinto eziphila ngokobukhulu bazo. Ezinye ziyimicroscopic, kodwa ezinye, ezinje ngee-parasite worms, zinokubonakala ngeliso lenyama. Ezi zinto zihlala okanye kwezinye izinto eziphilayo (ezibizwa ngokuba ngumamkeli-zindwendwe) kwaye zifumana izakhamzimba ezivela kulo mninimzi.

Xa zikhona, ezi zinto ziphilayo zifunyanwa esihlalweni sabantu nakwizilwanyana. Banokudlulisela emzimbeni wakho xa usitya ukutya okungcolileyo, usele amanzi angcolileyo, okanye ufake nantoni na emlonyeni wakho edibene nelindle lomntu osulelekileyo okanye isilwanyana.

Ungaluhambisa olu hlobo lokutya ityhefu ngokudibana ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokulungiselela ukutya ngezandla ezingcolileyo.

Ungakuthintela njani ukusasazeka kwetyhefu yokutya

Nabani na onokufumana ukutya okunetyhefu, kodwa zikhona iindlela zokuthintela ukusasazeka kwako wakube wosulelekile.

Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezibangelwa kukutya kubalulekile kuba iingxaki zinokuvela.

Kuba ityhefu ekutyeni inokubangela ukugabha kunye norhudo, kukho umngcipheko wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kwiimeko ezinzima zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kuyafuneka ukuze kubuyiselwe ulwelo olulahlekileyo. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwiintsana, kubantu abadala, nakubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa zokuthintela ukusasazeka kwetyhefu yokutya xa sele ugula.

Iintsholongwane

• Hlala ekhaya ungahambi esikolweni okanye emsebenzini de iimpawu ziphele
• Hlamba izandla ngamanzi ashushu anesepha emva kokuba uye kwigumbi lokuhlambela nasemva kokudibana nelindle lezilwanyana okanye lomntu.
• Sukulungiselela okanye ukuphatha ukutya okanye iziselo de iimpawu ziphele kwaye uzive ungcono.
• Fundisa abantwana indlela yokuhlamba izandla. Ngokwe-CDC, kufuneka kuthathe malunga nemizuzwana engama-20, ubude obufanayo bexesha elithathwayo ukucula ingoma ethi "Happy Birthday" kabini.
• Zibulale iintsholongwane kwiindawo eziqhele ukuchukunyiswa ekhaya - izibane ezikhanyayo, amaqhina omnyango, imiphezulu yeetafile, izinto ezikude, njl.
• Coca indlu yangasese qho emva kokuyisebenzisa, usebenzisa iisuli zokubulala iintsholongwane okanye isitshizi sokubulala iintsholongwane kwisihlalo nakwiphatho.

Intsholongwane

• Hlala ekhaya uphume esikolweni uphinde usebenze de iimpawu ziphele kwaye uphephe ukuhamba.
• Hlamba izandla ngamanzi ashushu anesepha emva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela nasemva kokudibana nelindle lomntu okanye elezilwanyana.
• Sukulungiselela okanye ukuphatha ukutya okanye iziselo de iimpawu ziphele kwaye uzive ungcono.
• Zibulale iintsholongwane kumphezulu wendlu.
• Nxiba iiglavu xa ucoca umgabho okanye urhudo lomntu osulelekileyo.

Isidudu

• Hlamba izandla ngamanzi ashushu anesepha emva kokuba uye kwigumbi lokuhlambela nasemva kokudibana nelindle lomntu okanye elezilwanyana
• Sukulungiselela okanye ukuphatha ukutya okanye iziselo de iimpawu ziphele kwaye uzive ungcono.
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo. Ezinye izifunxi-gazi (Giardia) unokusasazeka ngokulalana okungakhuselekanga ngokwesini.

Ithini imbonakalo yetyhefu yokutya?

Ityhefu ekutyeni inokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu ezinje ngesifo sorhudo, ukugabha, iintlungu zesisu kunye nomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zihlala zisombulula ngokwazo ngaphakathi kweeyure ukuya kwiintsuku kwaye azidingi kugqirha.

Ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi kunye nokusela amanzi kunokukunceda uzive ungcono. Nangona ungeva ngathi ufuna ukutya, umzimba wakho ufuna amandla, ke kubalulekile ukuba ubambe ukutya okungekho mthethweni njengokuqhekeza, i-toast kunye nerayisi.

Ulwelo (amanzi, incindi, iti engenakunqunyulwa) lubalulekile ukukhusela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, yiya esibhedlele kwangoko. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo, ukungachami rhoqo, umchamo onombala omnyama, ukudinwa kunye nesiyezi.

Kubantwana, iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zibandakanya ulwimi olomileyo, akukho manapukeni manzi kangangeeyure ezintathu, ubuthathaka, ukuba nochuku, kunye nokulila ngaphandle kweenyembezi.