Uhlobo lwe-2 lweSwekile kunye neZifo zeZintso

Umxholo

• Iimpawu nephropathy
• Imiba yomngcipheko we-nephropathy yeswekile
• Unobangela wesifo seswekile
• Ukuthintela isifo se-nephropathy yeswekile
• Ukutya
• Zilolonge
• Iziyobisi
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya

Yintoni i-nephropathy yeswekile?

I-Nephropathy, okanye isifo sezintso, sesinye sezona ngxaki zinzima kubantu abaninzi abanesifo seswekile. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokusilela kwezintso eUnited States.

Ngokwe-National Kidney Foundation, ngaphezulu kwama-660,000 aseMelika anesifo sezintso esiphelayo kwaye aphila ngokusebenzisa idialysis.

I-Nephropathy ineempawu ezimbalwa zokuqala okanye iimpawu zokulumkisa, ezifanayo kwezinye izifo ezinxulumene nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile. Umonakalo kwizintso ezivela kwi-nephropathy inokwenzeka kangangesithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu zokuqala.

Iimpawu nephropathy

Rhoqo, akukho zimpawu zesifo sezintso ezibonakalayo de izintso zingasasebenzi kakuhle. Iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba izintso zakho zinokuba semngciphekweni zibandakanya:

• ukugcinwa kolwelo
• ukudumba kweenyawo, amaqatha kunye nemilenze
• ukungathandi ukutya
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kwaye ndibuthathaka ixesha elininzi
• intloko rhoqo
• isisu esimoshakele
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukuphuthelwa
• ubunzima bokugxila

Imiba yomngcipheko we-nephropathy yeswekile

Ukuchongwa kwangoko kwesifo sezintso kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo esempilweni. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, chwetheza 2 isifo seswekile, okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zeswekile, izintso zakho sele zisebenza kakhulu kwaye umsebenzi wazo kufuneka uvavanywe rhoqo ngonyaka.

Ngaphandle kweswekile, ezinye izinto ezinobungozi besifo sezintso zezi:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalawulekiyo
• iglucose ephezulu engalawulekiyo
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• cholesterol ephezulu
• Imbali yosapho yesifo sezintso
• Imbali yosapho yesifo sentliziyo
• ukutshaya icuba
• ukwaluphala

Ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kwesifo sezintso kukho phakathi:

• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• AmaNdiya aseMelika
• Abantu baseSpain baseMelika
• Abantu baseAsia baseMelika

Unobangela wesifo seswekile

Isifo sezintso asinasizathu esinye. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukukhula kwayo kunxulunyaniswa neminyaka yeglucose engalawulwayo yegazi. Eminye imiba enokudlala indima ebalulekileyo, enjengokubakho kwemfuza.

Izintso yinkqubo yokucoca igazi emzimbeni. Nganye yenziwe ngamakhulu amawaka eefroni acoca igazi lenkunkuma.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi xa umntu enesifo seswekile sesi-2, izintso zisebenza kakhulu kuba zihlala zisusa iswekile egazini. Iifrons ziyavutha kwaye zibenamanxeba, kwaye azisasebenzi ngokunjalo.

Kungekudala, ii-nephrons azisenako ukukucoca ngokupheleleyo ukunikezelwa kwegazi lomzimba. Izinto ezinokuthi zisuswe egazini, ezinje ngeprotein, zidlulela kumchamo.

Uninzi lwezinto ezingafunekiyo yiprotein ebizwa ngokuba yialbumin. Amanqanaba omzimba wakho wealbin anokuvavanywa kwisampulu yomchamo ukunceda ekuchongeni ukuba zisebenza njani izintso zakho.

Inani elincinci le-albin kumchamo kuthiwa yi-microalbuminuria. Xa izixa ezikhulu ze-albin zifumaneka kumchamo, imeko ibizwa ngokuba yi-macroalbuminuria.

Ingozi yokungaphumeleli kwezintso inkulu kakhulu nge-macroalbuminuria, kunye nesifo sokugqibela se-renal (ESRD) yingozi. Unyango lwe-ERSD yi-dialysis, okanye ukuba igazi lakho lihluzwe ngomatshini lize liphontshelwe emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuthintela isifo se-nephropathy yeswekile

Ezona ndlela ziphambili zokuthintela ukunganyaniseki kwesifo seswekile kubandakanya ezi zilandelayo:

Ukutya

Eyona ndlela yokugcina impilo yezintso kukubukela ukutya okutyayo ngononophelo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile abanomsebenzi wezintso okhethekileyo kufuneka baphaphame ngakumbi malunga nokugcina:

• iswekile yegazi esempilweni
• cholesterol yegazi
• amanqanaba lipid

Ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi olungaphantsi kwe-130/80 kubalulekile. Nokuba unesifo sezintso esincinci, sinokuthi senze mandundu kakhulu ngoxinzelelo lwegazi. Landela ezi ngcebiso ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi:

• Yitya ukutya okungenatyuwa ingako.
• Musa ukufaka ityuwa ekudleni.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebile.
• Gwema utywala.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ulandele ukutya okunamafutha asezantsi, ukutya okuneprotein encinci.

Zilolonge

Ngokusekwe kwizindululo zikagqirha wakho, umthambo wemihla ngemihla nawo ubalulekile.

Iziyobisi

Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abanxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu bathatha i-angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors kunyango lwesifo sentliziyo, njenge-captopril kunye ne-enalapril. La machiza nawo anakho ukucotha ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sezintso.

Oogqirha bahlala bemisela i-angiotensin receptor blockers.

Olunye ukhetho olunokubakho kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 kunye nesifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso inokuba kukusetyenziswa kwesodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor okanye i-glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 receptor agonist. La machiza anokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhubela phambili kwesifo sezintso kunye neziganeko zentliziyo.

Ukuyeka ukutshaya

Ukuba uyatshaya imidiza, kufuneka uyeke ngoko nangoko. Ngokophando olwenziwe ngo-2012 olupapashiweyo, ukutshaya icuba yinto ebeka umngcipheko ekuphuhliseni isifo sezintso.