Ityhefu yelothe

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zetyhefu yelothe?
• Yintoni ebangela ityhefu yelothe?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wetyhefu yelothe?
• Ichongwa njani ityhefu?
• Iphathwa njani ityhefu yelothe?
• Ithini imbonakalo yetyhefu yelothe?
• Inokuthintelwa njani ityhefu?

Yintoni ityhefu yelothe?

Ilothe yintsimbi enetyhefu kwaye ityhefu eyomelele kakhulu. Ityhefu yelothe yimeko embi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iyabulala. Kwenzeka xa ilothe isakha emzimbeni.

Ilothe ifumaneka kwiipeyinti ezinelothe, kubandakanya ipeyinti eludongeni lwezindlu zakudala kunye nezinto zokudlala. Ikwafumaneka kwi:

• Izinto zobugcisa
• uthuli olungcolileyo
• iimveliso zepetroli ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwe-United States ne Canada

Ityhefu yelothe idla ngokwenzeka kwisithuba seenyanga okanye iminyaka. Ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nomzimba. Abantwana abancinci ngabona basesichengeni.

Abantwana bafumana ilothe kwimizimba yabo ngokufaka izinto ezinelothe emlonyeni wabo. Ukuchukumisa ilothe kunye nokufaka iminwe yabo emilonyeni yabo nako kunokubetyhefa. Ilothe iyingozi ngakumbi ebantwaneni kuba iingqondo kunye neenkqubo zemithambo-luvo zisakhula.

Ityhefu yelothe inokunyangwa, kodwa nawuphi na umonakalo odalekileyo awunakuguqulwa.

Ziintoni iimpawu zetyhefu yelothe?

Iimpawu zetyhefu yelothe ziyahluka. Zinokuchaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba. Uninzi lwexesha, ukukhokelela kwityhefu kwakha kancinci. Ilandela ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kumanani amancinci ekhokelo.

Ityhefu yelothe inqabile emva kokuvezwa okukodwa okanye ukungeniswa kwelothe.

Iimpawu zokubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kokukhokelela kubandakanya:

• intlungu zesisu
• isisu esiswini
• Ukuziphatha gwenxa
• ukuqhina
• iingxaki zokulala
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukucaphuka
• ukulahleka kwezakhono zophuhliso ebantwaneni
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukudinwa
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela emaphethelweni
• ukulahleka kwememori
• ianemia
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso

Kuba ingqondo yomntwana isakhula, ukukhokelela kunokukhokelela kukhubazeko lwengqondo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• iingxaki zokuziphatha
• IQ ephantsi
• amabakala amabi esikolweni
• iingxaki zokuva
• ubunzima obufutshane kunye nexesha elide lokufunda
• ukulibaziseka kokukhula

Idosi ephezulu, ityhefu yetyhefu yelothe inokubangela iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• iintlungu ezinzima zesisu kunye necramping
• ukugabha
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• ukukhubeka xa uhamba
• ukuxhuzula
• ikhoma
• encephalopathy, ebonakalisa ukudideka, isiqaqa kunye nokuxhuzula

Ukuba umntu uneempawu zokuvezwa ngamandla, tsalela umnxeba kwi-911 okanye iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba unolu lwazi lulandelayo olungele ukuxelela umqhubi ongxamisekileyo:

• ubudala bomntu
• ubunzima babo
• imvelaphi yetyhefu
• Isixa siginyiwe
• ixesha lokutyhefa

Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, tsalela umnxeba ulawulo lwakho lwetyhefu ukuze uxoxe ngeempawu zetyhefu ekhokelayo. Baza kukuvumela ukuba uthethe nengcali.

Yintoni ebangela ityhefu yelothe?

Ityhefu yelothe yenzeka xa kufakwa ilothe. Ukuphefumla uthuli oluqulethe ilothe nako kunokubangela. Awunakuva okanye ungcamle ilothe, kwaye ayibonakali ngamehlo.

EUnited States, ilothe yayiqhelekile kwipeyinti yendlu nepetroli. Ezi mveliso aziveliswa ngokukhokelwa kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, ilothe isekhona kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokukodwa kufumaneka kwizindlu ezindala.

Imithombo eqhelekileyo yokukhokela ibandakanya:

• Ipeyinti yendlu eyenziwe ngaphambi kowe-1978
• iithoyi nezinto zekhaya zipeyintwe ngaphambi kowe-1976
• iithoyi ezenziwe zapeyintwa ngaphandle kwaseMelika
• iimbumbulu, ubunzima bekhethini, kunye neesinki zokuloba ezenziwe ngelothe
• imibhobho kunye neepompo zokuntywila, ezinokungcolisa amanzi okusela
• Umhlaba ungcoliswe kukudinwa kwemoto okanye ipeyinti yendlu
• iiseti zepeyinti kunye nezinto zobugcisa
• ubucwebe, ubumba kunye namanani akhokelayo
• iibhetri zokugcina
• I-kohl okanye i-kajal eyeliners
• amanye amayeza emveli

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wetyhefu yelothe?

Abantwana ngabona basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ityhefu yelothe, ngakumbi ukuba bahlala kwizindlu ezindala ezinepeyinti ebunayo. Kungenxa yokuba abantwana bathambekele ekubekeni izinto neminwe emilonyeni yabo.

Abantu abakumazwe asakhasayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu. Amazwe amaninzi akanayo imithetho engqongqo ngokubhekisele kwilothe. Ukuba wamkela umntwana kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo, amanqanaba abo akhokelayo kufuneka ahlolwe.

Ichongwa njani ityhefu?

Ityhefu yelothe ifunyaniswa kuvavanyo olukhokelela egazini. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwisampulu yegazi esemgangathweni.

Ilothe iqhelekile kwindalo esingqongileyo. IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo kwiSayensi yezeNdalo linika ingxelo yokuba akukho lothe egazini ikhuselekile. Kuyaziwa ukuba amanqanaba asezantsi njengee-micrograms ezi-5 nge-desilitha nganye enokunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zempilo ebantwaneni.

Iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zingabandakanya iimvavanyo zegazi ukujonga inani leeseli zokugcina iiseli egazini, i-X-ray, kwaye mhlawumbi i-bone marrow biopsy.

Iphathwa njani ityhefu yelothe?

Inyathelo lokuqala lonyango kukufumana nokususa umthombo wesikhokelo. Gcina abantwana kude nomthombo. Ukuba ayinakususwa, kufuneka itywinwe. Tsalela umnxeba isebe lezempilo lendawo ohlala kuyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngendlela yokususa ilothe. Banokukunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuvezwa kokukhokelela.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yonyango lwe-chelation ingasetyenziswa. Olu nyango lubophelela kukhokelo oluqokelelene emzimbeni wakho. Ikhokelo emva koko ikhutshiwe kumchamo wakho.

Iichemical chelators ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zibandakanya i-EDTA kunye ne-DMSA. I-EDTA ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibandakanya ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, kwaye i-DMSA inokubangela isicaphucaphu, uxinzelelo esiswini, kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba, phakathi kwabanye.

Nokuba kunyango, kunokuba nzima ukuguqula iziphumo zokuvezwa okungapheliyo.

Ithini imbonakalo yetyhefu yelothe?

Abantu abadala abanokuvezwa ngokulingeneyo bahlala bechacha ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Kubantwana, ukuchacha kungathatha ixesha. Nokuba ukubonakaliswa okuphantsi kunokubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina kwengqondo.

Inokuthintelwa njani ityhefu?

Amanyathelo alula anokukunceda ekuthinteleni ityhefu yelothe. Oku kubandakanya:

• Gwema okanye ulahle iithoyi ezipeyintiweyo kunye nezinto ezinamathanga ezivela kumazwe angaphandle.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lingenalo uthuli.
• Sebenzisa amanzi abandayo kuphela ukulungiselela ukutya neziselo.
• Qinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uhlamba izandla ngaphambi kokutya.
• Vavanya amanzi akho ukukhokela. Ukuba amanqanaba okhokelo aphezulu, sebenzisa isixhobo sokucoca ulwelo okanye usele amanzi asebhotileni.
• Coca iipompo kunye neerator rhoqo.
• Hlamba izinto zokudlala zabantwana neebhotile rhoqo.
• Fundisa abantwana bakho ukuhlamba izandla emva kokudlala.
• Qinisekisa ukuba nayiphi ikontraka eyenza umsebenzi endlwini yakho iqinisekisiwe kulawulo lwenkokheli.
• Sebenzisa ipeyinti engenasikhokelo ekhayeni lakho.
• Thatha abantwana abancinci bavavanywe kwinqanaba lokukhangelwa kwegazi kwiofisi yabantwana. Oku kuhlala kwenziwa malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-2 yeminyaka ubudala.
• Gwema indawo apho kusetyenziswe ipeyinti esekwe kwilothe.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nokususwa okukhuselekileyo kokukhokelwa, nxibelelana neZiko leLwazi leNkokheli kuZwelonke kwi800-424-LEAD (5323).