I-cutaneous leishmaniasis: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• 1. I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo
• 2. I-leishmaniasis ebusucu okanye yangaphakathi
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Indlela yokuthintela

I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo yabantu sisifo esosulelayo esisasazeka kwihlabathi liphela, esibangelwa sisifo seprotozoan.I-Leishmania, ebangela amanxeba angenabuhlungu kulusu kunye neembumba zomzimba.

EBrazil, i-leishmaniasis yaseMelika esikiweyo, eyaziwa njenge "bauru ulcer" okanye "isilonda sasendle", idluliselwa zizinambuzane zohloboILutzomyia, eyaziwa ngokuba ziingcongconi zomququ, kwaye unyango lwenziwa phantsi kwesikhokelo sogqirha wesikhumba, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingena ngenaliti, ezaziwa ngokuba ziipentanalente antimonials.

Indlela yokufumana esi sifo kukulunywa sisinambuzane, nesingcoliswe sisifo I-Leishmania emva kokuluma abantu okanye izilwanyana ezinesi sifo, ikakhulu izinja, iikati kunye neempuku, kwaye ke, esi sifo asosuleli kwaye akukho sosulelo lusuka emntwini luye emntwini. Izinambuzane ezihambisa i-leishmaniasis zihlala kwindawo ezishushu, ezinomswakama kunye nezimnyama, ikakhulu emahlathini okanye ngasemva kweeyadi ezinenkunkuma.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ezona ndlela ziphambili zokubonisa leishmaniasis ezinqamlezileyo zezi:

1. I-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo

I-leishmaniasis ye-cutaneous yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yesi sifo, kwaye ihlala ibangela ukukhula kwenxeba, ethi:

• Iqala njengeqhuma elincinci kwindawo yokuluma;
• Ivela kwilonda elivulekileyo elingenabuhlungu kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa;
• Uphilisa ngokuthe chu ngaphandle kwesidingo sonyango phakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-15;
• Ii-lymph node zinokudumba kwaye zibuhlungu.

Amanqanaba wesilonda ukusuka kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa, unobungqingqwa obukhuni obunemiphetho ephakanyisiweyo kunye nomzantsi obomvu onokuthi ube nemfihlo. Xa kukho usulelo olunxulumene nebhaktiriya olunokubangela iintlungu zalapha ekhaya kwaye luvelise ukuphuma kobofu.

Ukongeza kwilonda lendabuko, indlela yokubonisa izilonda inokwahluka, ngohlobo lweprotozoan enoxanduva kunye nokhuselo lomntu, kwaye isenokubonakala ngathi ngamaqhuma asasazwa ngumzimba okanye ukungena kulusu, umzekelo.

2. I-leishmaniasis ebusucu okanye yangaphakathi

Kunqabile ngakumbi, ixesha elininzi livela emva kwesilonda esine-classic, kwaye sibonakaliswa zizilonda ezonakalisayo kwi-mucosa yomoya ophezulu, njengempumlo, i-oropharynx, iipalati, imilebe, ulwimi, ingqula kwaye, kunzima ngakumbi, itrachea kunye inxalenye ephezulu yemiphunga.

Kwi-mucosa, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba, ukungena kunye nesilonda kungabonwa kwaye, ukuba ngaba kukho usulelo lwesibini ziibhaktheriya, izilonda zinokubonisa ukukhupha ubovu kunye ne-crust. Ukongeza, kwi-mucosa yempumlo, kunokubakho ukugcwala okanye ukutshabalalisa i-septum ye-cartilaginous kwaye, emlonyeni, kunokubakho ukugqabhuka kwenkalakahla ethambileyo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Kwiimeko ezininzi ugqirha uyakwazi ukuxilonga i-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo kuphela ngokujonga izilonda kunye nokuxela isigulana, ngakumbi xa isigulana sihlala okanye besikwimimandla echaphazeleke sisidleleli. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sinokubhidaniswa nezinye iingxaki ezinje ngesifo sephepha esisuswayo, usulelo lokungunda okanye iqhenqa, umzekelo.

Ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo apho kukho ezinye iindlela, ezinje ngovavanyo lwesikhumba olusebenzayo lwe-leishmaniasis, ebizwa ngokuba yiMontenegro's Intradermoreaction, ukuvavanywa komnqweno okanye i-biopsy yesilonda, ukuchonga i-parasite, okanye igazi iimvavanyo, i-ELISA okanye i-PCR.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba i-leishmaniasis inokuzibonakalisa ikwimo yayo eqatha, eyi-visceral, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-kala azar. Esi sifo siguquka ngokwahlukileyo kwi-leishmaniasis esisikiweyo, sisasazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi. Qonda indlela yokuchonga i-visceral leishmaniasis.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Izilonda ze-leishmaniasis ezinqamlezileyo zihlala ziphilisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yamanxeba anyukayo ngokobukhulu, makhulu kakhulu, ayaphindaphindeka okanye abekwe ebusweni, ezandleni nasemalungwini, kunokucetyiswa ukwenza unyango ngamayeza, njengezithambiso kunye nenaliti, ekhokelwa ngabagqirha .

Amachiza okhetho lokuqala kunyango lwe-leishmaniasis yi-pentavalent antimonials, ethi, eBrazil, imelwe yi-N-methylglucamine antimoniate okanye i-Glucantime, eyenziwe mihla le, kwiidosi zemithambo okanye kwimithambo yegazi, yeentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30.

Ukuba amanxeba ayosuleleka ngexesha lokuphola, kusenokucetyiswa ukuba unyango kunye nomongikazi ukuze lukhathalelwe kwaye kuthintele ukonyusa inxeba.

Ukongeza, emva kokuphilisa, amanxeba anokuhlala eluswini kwaye abangele utshintsho kubuhle. Ke ngoko, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza iingcebiso ngengqondo okanye ukubhenela kutyando lweplastiki ukunyanga utshintsho ebusweni, umzekelo.

Indlela yokuthintela

Ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-leishmaniasis, kubalulekile ukuba utyalomali kwisimo sengqondo somntu ngamnye kunye nesidibeneyo njenge:

• Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha xa ukwimeko apho kufunyanwa khona ingcongconi, kwaye ukunqande ukubekwa emngciphekweni ngexesha lokuqina kweengcongconi;
• Sebenzisa iinethi zeengcongconi ezilungileyo, kunye nokubeka izikrini kwiingcango nakwiifestile;
• Gcina umhlaba kunye neeyadi ezikufutshane zicocekile, ususa ukungcola nobumdaka, kunye nokuthenwa kwemithi, ukunciphisa ukufuma okuququzelela ukuzala kweengcongconi kunye neempukane;
• Kulumkele ukungcola okusemhlabeni, ukuze ungatsali izilwanyana, ezifana neempuku, ezinokuqulatha esi sifo;
• Gcina izilwanyana zasekhaya zingangeni endlwini ebusuku, ukwenzela ukunciphisa umtsalane weengcongconi kunye neempukane kule ndawo;
• Kunqande ukwakha izindlu ngaphantsi kwe-4000 okanye i-500 yeemitha ukusuka ehlathini.

Ukongeza, kubukho bamanxeba angapholi ngokulula, kwaye anokubonisa esi sifo, kubalulekile ukufuna ukhathalelo kwiziko lezempilo ukuze oonobangela kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lukwazi ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza.