Yintoni iqhenqa, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nendlela yokufumana

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zeqhenqa
• Ungaqinisekisa njani ukuba liqhenqa
• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Unganyanga njani iqhenqa xa ukhulelwe

Iqhenqa, elikwabizwa ngokuba liqhenqa okanye isifo sikaHansen, sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwaneIMycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kwamabala amhlophe eluswini kunye nokutshintsha kwemithambo-luvo, enciphisa ubuntununtunu bomntu kwintlungu, ukubamba kunye nobushushu, umzekelo.

Amalungu omzimba achaphazeleka kakhulu ngamehlo, izandla neenyawo, kodwa amanxeba anokuvela ebusweni, ezindlebeni, ezinqeni, ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasemqolo kwaye usulelo lwenzeka ngokunxibelelana nolusu lomntu osulelekileyo.

Iqhenqa liyanyangeka xa unyango lulandelwa ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha, ngokuhlonipha idosi kunye nexesha lonyango, kwaye lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane.

Iimpawu zeqhenqa

Iimpawu zokuqala nezibalulekileyo zeqhenqa kukubonakala kwamachaphaza athe tyaba okanye aphakanyisiweyo, ohlobo olujikeleziweyo, okhanyayo ngombala kunolusu, olunokwanda emzimbeni wonke. La mabala anokuchaphazela amashiya kunye neenkophe kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abe bomvu. Kuyo yonke indawo kukho ukulahleka kobuntununtunu, oko kukuthi, abonzakalisi, lo ngumahluko omkhulu kwezinye izifo zolusu, njengoko umntu engasaziva ukwahluka kubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwindawo enenxeba, kwaye angonzakala kakhulu , ngaphandle kokuqaphela.

Amabala esikhumbeni kunye nelahleko yovakalelo kwenzeka ngenxa yokukrala kwemithambo-luvo kuloo mmandla, kwaye ezinye iimpawu zinokubonakala, ezinje:

• Ukudumba kommandla;
• Ukuphulukana namandla kwiimisipha ezingafakwanga zezi mithambo-luvo zichaphazelekayo, ngakumbi emehlweni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
• Ukuphulukana namandla okubila;
• Ulusu olomileyo;
• Ukuphulukana nemvakalelo kunye nokuba ndindisholo;
• Ukwenzakala kunye namanxeba kumatheni eenyawo;
• Ukwenzakala kwempumlo;
• Ukonakala kwamehlo kunokubangela ukungaboni;
• Ukukhubazeka kweengalo okanye imilenze;
• Ukungabi namandla kunye nokuzala, njengoko usulelo lunokunciphisa isixa se testosterone kunye nenani lesidoda esiveliswe ngamatyhalarha.

Ukongeza, ngokwenani lamabala, iqhenqa linokuhlelwa libe:

• Iqhenqa okanye iqhenqa lepaucibacillary, apho phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5 izilonda zibonwa, ezinokuthi zibe nemiphetho echazwe kakuhle okanye engachazwanga kakuhle kunye nokuzibandakanya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 nerve;
• Iqhenqa okanye iqhenqa le-multibacillary, apho izilonda ezingaphezulu kwesi-5 zijongwa ngemiphetho echazwe kakuhle okanye engachazwanga kakuhle kunye nokubandakanyeka kwe-2 okanye imithambo-luvo engaphezulu, ukongeza ekubeni kunzima ukwahlula ulusu oluqhelekileyo kulusu ngokwenzakala, kwezinye iimeko.

Iimpawu zochoko zinokuthatha iminyaka ukubonakala ngokuxhomekeka kwimpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye nexesha lokufukama kwebhaktiriya, oko kukuthi, ixesha elithatha iarhente eyosulelayo ukwenza iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo, ziyahluka ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5.

Ungaqinisekisa njani ukuba liqhenqa

Ukuxilongwa kweqhenqa kwenziwa ngokujonga amabala eluswini kunye neempawu ezibonakaliswa ngumntu. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuvavanywa ubuntununtunu kulo mmandla, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni ukuba ngaba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lokukhubazeka emehlweni, ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasebusweni, kuba oko kungenzeka ngenxa yokuqina kolusu kwezinye iintlobo zeqhenqa, ngakumbi kwimeko yonyango. ayenziwanga ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukongeza, ukukhuhla okuncinci kunokwenziwa emanxebeni kuze kuthunyelwe elabhoratri ukuze kuhlalutywe kuchongwe intsholongwane ebangela iqhenqa.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

Iqhenqa sisifo esosulela kakhulu, nesinokudluliselwa komnye umntu ngokudibana nemfihlo yokuphefumla komntu osulelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba umntu oneqhenqa akuphephe ukuthetha, ukuncamisa, ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla kufutshane kakhulu nabanye abantu, de kube uqala unyango.

Umntu unokosulelwa yi-bacillus yeqhenqa kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu emva kweminyaka emininzi. Ukuqhakamshelana nokuchukumisa kwesigulana akubonakalisi umngcipheko omkhulu wokosulela kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zabemi zinokhuselo lwendalo kwesi sifo, kwaye ke indlela esibonakalisa ngayo esi sifo ixhomekeke kwimfuza yomntu ngamnye.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lweqhenqa lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, ekufuneka liqaliswe kwakamsinya nje ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zivele kwaye zigcinwe iinyanga ezimbalwa. Ke ngoko, unyango kufuneka luhlale lujongwa kakuhle, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kwiziko lezempilo okanye kwiziko lonyango ekubhekiswa kulo, ngesiqhelo ngenyanga, okanye ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha, ukuze isiphumo sivavanywe. kukho imfuneko yokutshintsha idosi.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angakumisa ukuvela kweqhenqa kwaye asiphelise nya isifo, kodwa ukuze kufunyanwe unyango, kunyanzelekile ukuba luqhubeke ixesha elide, ukusukela kwiinyanga ezi-6 kuye kwiminyaka emi-2, kuba ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kweqhenqa elibangela iqhenqa kunokuba nzima ukufezekisa.

Kwezinye iimeko, iingxaki kunye nokukhubazeka kunokubangela ukuba kube nzima ukusebenza, kuphazamise ubomi boluntu kwaye, ke, kuchaphazela icala lomntu wengqondo.

Unyango luphela xa unyango lufezekisiwe, oluhlala lwenzeka xa umntu ethatha ubuncinci amaxesha ali-12 amayeza amiselweyo ngugqirha. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa kukho iingxaki ngenxa yokubonakala kweziphene, unyango lomzimba kunye / okanye utyando lunokuba yimfuneko. Bona ezinye iinkcukacha zonyango lokunyanga iqhenqa.

Unganyanga njani iqhenqa xa ukhulelwe

Njengokuba ukukhulelwa kunciphisa ukukhuselwa kwabasetyhini, ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala zeqhenqa. Unyango lweqhenqa xa ukhulelwe
inokwenziwa ngee-antibiotics ezifanayo, kuba azilimazi mntwana, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuncancisa. Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lunokuba nolusu oluntsundu kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi, kodwa ithoni yolusu ithambekele ekukhanyeni ngokwendalo.