Isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwiLeukemia

Umxholo

• Iindidi zegazi
• Iimpawu leukemia
• Uxilongo lwegazi
• Unyango lwe-leukemia
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
• Unyango ngemitha
• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo
• Ngaba leukemia inganyanga?
• Yintoni ebangela leukemia

Ileukemia luhlobo lomhlaza ochaphazela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-leukocyte, eziziiseli zokhuselo lomzimba. Esi sifo siqala emnkantsheni wethambo, nelona nxalenye lingaphakathi lamathambo, elidume ngokuba 'ngumongo wethambo' kwaye sinwenwe emzimbeni ngegazi, sithintele okanye sithintele ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiplatelets kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kuba Oko kuphulukana kwegazi, ukosuleleka kunye nokopha kuyavela.

Ileukemia sisifo esibi esifuna unyango, esinokuthi senziwe ngekhemotherapy, unyango ngemitha okanye ukufakelwa umongo wethambo, umzekelo. Ukhetho lonyango luyahluka ngohlobo lwe-leukemia umntu anayo kunye nobukhali bayo, nto leyo emisela ukuba angaphiliswa ngokupheleleyo na okanye hayi.

Iindidi zegazi

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-leukemia, i-Lymphoid kunye ne-Myeloid, enokuthi ihlelwe njenge-Acute okanye engapheliyo, kodwa kusekho ezinye ii-subtypes ezi-4, njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi:

• Ileukemia eyi-Myeloid: Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuchaphazela nabantu abadala okanye abantwana. Unyango lunokwenziwa ngekhemotherapy kunye / okanye ukufakelwa umongo wethambo kwaye unethuba lokunyanga elinama-80%.
• Ileukemia enganyangekiyo ye-myeloid: Ikhula kancinci kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Unyango lunokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile ebomini.
• Ileukemia eyi-lymphoid: Iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokwenzeka ebantwaneni okanye kubantu abadala. Unyango lunokwenziwa nge-radiotherapy kunye ne-chemotherapy, kodwa ukufakelwa umongo wethambo kukhetho xa unyango lwangaphambili lusilela ukunyanga esi sifo.
• Leukemia enganyangekiyo yeLymphoid: Ikhula kancinci kwaye ichaphazela abantu abadala rhoqo. Unyango akusoloko luyimfuneko.
• T okanye i-NK granular lymphocytic leukemia: Olu hlobo lwe-leukemia luyakhula kancinci, kodwa inani elincinci linokuba ndlongondlongo kwaye kube nzima ukunyanga.
• I-leukemia yesibindi: Ingabangelwa yintsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr, ichaphazela ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala abancinci, ukuba ndlongondlongo. Unyango lwenziwa ngekhemotherapy.
• I-T-cell leukemia yabantu abadala: Kubangelwa yintsholongwane (HTLV-1), i-retrovirus efana ne-HIV, kwaye inzulu kakhulu. Unyango alusebenzi kakuhle kodwa lwenziwa ngekhemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa komongo wethambo.
• Uleukemia weseli yeenwele: Luhlobo lwe-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo, echaphazela iiseli ezibonakala ngathi zineenwele, zichaphazela amadoda ngakumbi, azifumaneki ebantwaneni.

Uhlobo lwe-leukemia umntu analo lumiselwe ngovavanyo oluthile, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele kakhulu.

Iimpawu leukemia

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-leukemia zi-fever ephezulu zilandelwa kukugodola, ukubila ebusuku kunye nokwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, emva koko ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela, ezinje:

• Iilwimi ezivuthayo entanyeni, emakhwapheni nasemva nje kwethambo lengqiniba, elibizwa ngokuba yingqiniba, enye yeempawu zesifo;
• Ukwandiswa kwepeni okubangela intlungu kwingingqi ephezulu yasekhohlo yesisu;
• I-anemia evelisa iimpawu ezinjengokudinwa, ukubola kunye nokozela;
• Ubuninzi beeplatelets egazini;
• Usulelo, njenge-candidiasis yomlomo, kunye nasesiswini (i-thrush) okanye i-pneumonia ye-atypical;
• Iintlungu kumathambo kunye namalungu;
• Ukubila ebusuku;
• Amabala amfusa eluswini;
• Iintlungu kumathambo kunye namalungu;
• Ukopha ngokulula kwiimpumlo, kwiintsini, okanye ekopha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, umbono ophindaphindiweyo kunye nokudideka kwenzeka xa kuchaphazeleka inkqubo yeemvakalelo esembindini.

Ezi mpawu zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-leukemia ebukhali, kuba njengoko i-leukemia enganyangekiyo iqhubeka kancinci, kunokuba nokubonakaliswa kovavanyo kuviwo oluqhelekileyo njengokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi, umzekelo.

Uxilongo lwegazi

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa yi-hematologist okanye i-oncologist emva kokujonga ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ezifana nokubala kwegazi, i-myelogram, i-computed tomography, i-resonance yamagnetic kwaye ngokukodwa, i-bone marrow biopsy. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba kuvavanywe i-CSF, ebizwa ngokuba kukugqobhoza i-lumbar, ukuvavanya ulwelo olugcina inkqubo ye-nervous system.

Unyango lwe-leukemia

Ileukemia inokunyangwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo: ichemotherapy, i-immunotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukufakelwa umongo wethambo okanye indibaniselwano yonyango olwahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-leukemia umntu anayo, kunye nenqanaba lesifo.

Kwimeko ye-leukemia ebukhali, unyango kufuneka luqalwe ngokukhawuleza ukulwa iimpawu kunye nokuthintela isifo ukuba sibi ngakumbi. Amatyala amaninzi anokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo, kunye nonyango oluboniswe ngugqirha. Kwimeko ye-leukemia engapheliyo, esi sifo asinakuba nazimpawu, kodwa asinakunyangeka, nangona umntu enokufumana unyango 'lokugcina' ukuthintela ukuqala kweempawu ebomini kunye nokugcina olu hlobo lomhlaza luphantsi kolawulo.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy iqulathe ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezithile zomhlaza, ezinokuthi zijojowe ngqo emthanjeni ngexesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele. Olu nyango luhlala lwenziwa kwimijikelo, kuba lwenziwa kube kanye ngeveki, ngamayeza e-1 kuphela, okanye indibaniselwano ye-2 okanye ye-3.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy yonyango olufana ne-chemotherapy, kuba iquka ukusebenzisa amachiza ngokuthe ngqo emthanjeni, kodwa la machiza asebenza ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye ngamagciwane omzimba, zizinto ezibopha iiseli.
ii-carcinogens, ezivumela inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ukuba isuse iiseli zethumba egazini nasemongo wethambo.

Unyango ngemitha

Inokusetyenziswa kwemitha kwipeni, kwingqondo okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kwezinye iimeko inokujoliswa kuwo wonke umzimba, njengoko kusenzeka phambi kokufakwa komongo wethambo, umzekelo.

Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kukususa inxenye yomongo wethambo esinqeni somntu ophilileyo ohambelana nomntu ogulayo, kwaye oku kuyabanda de kube nako ukusetyenziswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokubeka umongo wethambo eligqityiweyo ugqitywa ngugqirha, kwaye kunokwenzeka emva kokugqiba unyango lwe-chemo kunye ne-radiotherapy. Injongo kukuthatha indawo yeeseli ezimbi kunye nokubuyela ekuveliseni iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni.

Ngaba leukemia inganyanga?

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-leukemia iyanyangeka, ngakumbi xa ifunyenwe kwangoko kwaye unyango lufakwa ngokukhawuleza, nangona kunjalo kukho iimeko apho umzimba womntu sele ubuthathaka kangangokuba unyango lwesifo alufumaneki. Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kunokubonisa ukunyanga kwe-leukemia kwabanye, kodwa kuneengxaki kwaye ke ayisoloko iyindlela eboniswa ngoogqirha kubo bonke abantu abachaphazelekayo.

Okwangoku, ezinye izigulana ezine-leukemia ebukhali zifumana ukuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo kwaye zihlala iminyaka emininzi, kwaye abantwana abaninzi abane-leukemia ebukhali banokunyanga. Into efanelekileyo kukuba uthethe nogqirha obeka iliso kwimeko ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni amanyathelo alandelayo kunyango kwaye yintoni enokulindelwa.

Yintoni ebangela leukemia

Unobangela weleukemia awaziwa ngokupheleleyo kodwa into eyaziwayo kukuba ezinye iindlela zemfuza zilungiselela ukukhula kwesi sifo. Ileukemia ayililo ilifa kwaye ayidluli ukusuka kutata iye kunyana, kwaye ayosuleli kwaye ke ayigqithi kwabanye abantu. Ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela ukuba i-leukemia yenzeke zibandakanya iziphumo ze-radiation, ukubonakaliswa kweziyobisi, kubandakanya ukutshaya, izinto zomzimba kunye nezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane.