IiLymphocyte: ziyintoni kwaye kutheni zinokutshintshwa

Umxholo

• IiLymphocyte eziguqulweyo
• 1. Ii-lymphocyte eziphezulu
• 2. Ii-lymphocyte ezisezantsi
• Iindidi zee-lymphocyte
• Yintoni ii-lymphocyte ezi-atypical?

I-lymphocyte luhlobo lweseli yokuzikhusela emzimbeni, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, eziveliswa ngobuninzi xa kukho usulelo, kwaye ke sisalathiso esihle senqanaba lempilo yesigulana.

Ngokwesiqhelo, inani lee-lymphocyte linokuvavanywa kuvavanyo lwegazi, kwaye xa zisandisiwe, zihlala ziluphawu losulelo kwaye, ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuboniswane nochwepheshe ngokubanzi ukuba achaze ingxaki kwaye aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo.

IiLymphocyte eziguqulweyo

Amaxabiso esiqhelo ekubhekiswa kuwo kwi-lymphocyte aphakathi kwe-1000 ukuya kwi-5000 ye-lymphocyte nge-mm³ yegazi, emele i-20 ukuya kwi-50% kwinani elihambelanayo, kwaye inokwahluka ngokwelabhoratri ekwenziwa kuyo uvavanyo. Xa amaxabiso angaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso lesalathiso, umfanekiso we-lymphocytosis okanye i-lymphopenia ubonakaliswa, ngokulandelelana.

1. Ii-lymphocyte eziphezulu

Inani lee-lymphocyte ezingaphezulu kwexabiso lesalathiso libizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytosis kwaye ihlala inxulumene neenkqubo ezosulelayo. Ke, oyena nobangela wee-lymphocyte eziphezulu zezi:

• Izifo ezosulelayo, ezinje nge-mononucleosis, ipoliyo, imasisi, irubella, idengue okanye ukukhohlela, umzekelo;
• Izifo ezingapheliyo, ezinjengesifo sephepha, isifo seengcongconi;
• Hepatitis wentsholongwane;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• I-anemia enobunzima, ebonakaliswa kukusilela kwe-folic acid kunye nevithamini B12;
• Ityhefu yi-benzene kunye nesinyithi esinzima;
• Isifo seswekile;
• Ukutyeba kakhulu;
• Unyango.

Ukongeza, ukwanda kwenani lee-lymphocyte kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko zomzimba, ezinje ngabafazi abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana, ukongeza kwiziphene zesondlo, ezinje nge-vitamin C, D okanye i-calcium.

2. Ii-lymphocyte ezisezantsi

Inani lee-lymphocyte ezingaphantsi kwexabiso lesalathiso libizwa ngokuba yi-lymphopenia kwaye ihlala inxulumene neemeko ezibandakanya umongo wethambo, njengeaplastic anemia okanye leukemia, umzekelo. Ukongeza, i-lymphopenia inokuba luphawu lwezifo ezizimela komzimba, apho umzimba ngokwawo usebenza ngokuchasene nenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba, njenge-systemic lupus erythematosus, umzekelo (SLE).

I-Lymphopenia isenokwenzeka ngenxa kaGawulayo, unyango ngamachiza okonyusa imichiza okanye unyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiotherapy, izifo ezinqabileyo zemfuzo, okanye zibe ziziphumo zeemeko zoxinzelelo, ezinje ngokusebenza emva kwexesha kunye nokugcwala komzimba, umzekelo.

Iindidi zee-lymphocyte

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zee-lymphocyte emzimbeni, ii-lymphocyte ze-B, eziiseli ezingakhulanga eziveliswa kumongo wethambo kwaye zikhutshelwe kwigazi ukuze zivelise izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene neebhaktiriya, intsholongwane kunye nefungi, kunye neeL lymphocyte, eziveliswa kumongo wethambo. kodwa eziye zaphuhliswa kwi-thymus zide zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela ama-3:

• Ii-lymphocyte ze-CD4 T: banceda ii-lymphocyte ze-B ukuba zisuse usulelo, zibe sisilumkiso sokuqala samajoni omzimba. Ezi ziiseli zokuqala ezichaphazeleka yintsholongwane kaGawulayo, kwaye kwizigulana ezosulelekileyo uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ixabiso elingaphantsi kwe-100 / mm³.
• Ii-lymphocyte ze-CD8 T: ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezinye iintlobo ze-lymphocyte kwaye, ngoko ke, ziyanda kwiimeko ze-HIV;
• IiLymphocyte zeCytotoxic T: ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye nosulelo lweentsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya.

Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zohlobo lwee-lymphocyte, ngakumbi zohlobo lwe-CD4 okanye i-CD8, kufuneka zisoloko zitolikwa ngugqirha ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokuba une-HIV, umzekelo, kuba ezinye izifo zinokubangela uhlobo olunye lotshintsho.

Ke, ukuba kukho ukuthandabuza malunga nokusulelwa yi-HIV, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwaselebhu olukhangela intsholongwane ngaphakathi kwiiseli zomzimba. Funda ngakumbi ngovavanyo lwe-HIV.

Yintoni ii-lymphocyte ezi-atypical?

I-lyyphocyte ze-Atypical zii-lymphocyte ezibonisa iintlobo ezahlukileyo kwaye zibonakala ngokwesiqhelo xa kukho usulelo, ikakhulu usulelo lwentsholongwane, njenge-mononucleosis, i-herpes, i-AIDS, i-rubella kunye nenkukhu. Ukongeza kokuvela kosulelo lwentsholongwane, ii-atypical lymphocyte zinokuchongwa kubalo lwegazi xa kukho usuleleko lwebhaktiriya, njengesifo sephepha kunye negcushuwa, usulelo lweprotozoa, njenge-toxoplasmosis, xa kukho ubuzaza beziyobisi okanye izifo ezenzekelayo, njengakwi-lupus.

Ngokwesiqhelo inani lezi lymphocyte libuyela esiqhelweni (ixabiso lesalathiso se-atypical lymphocyte yi-0%) xa iarhente ebangela usulelo isuswe.

Ezi lymphocyte zithathwa njengezenziwa zii-T lymphocyte eziveliswa ngokuphendula kuhlobo lwe-B lwe-lymphocyte ezosulelekileyo kwaye zenza imisebenzi efanayo ne-lymphocyte eqhelekileyo kwimpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ii-lymphocyte ze-Atypical ngokubanzi zikhulu kunee-lymphocyte eziqhelekileyo kwaye ziyahluka ngemilo.