Yintoni i-Burkitt's lymphoma, iimpawu kunye nonyango njani

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Zintoni izizathu
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Iindidi eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ngaba i-lymphoma yaseBurkitt iyanyangeka?

I-Burkitt's lymphoma luhlobo lomhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic, echaphazela ikakhulu ii-lymphocyte, eziziiseli zokhuselo lomzimba. Lo mhlaza unokudityaniswa nosulelo yi-Epstein Barr virus (EBV), intsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV), kodwa inokuvela nakwezinye iinguqu kwimfuza.

Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lwe-lymphoma lukhula ngakumbi kubantwana abangamadoda kunakubantu abadala kwaye kuhlala kuchaphazela amalungu esiswini. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ngumhlaza ohlaselayo, apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhula ngokukhawuleza, zinokufikelela kwamanye amalungu, njengesibindi, udakada, umongo wethambo nkqu namathambo obuso.

Umqondiso wokuqala weBurkitt's lymphoma kukubonakala kokudumba entanyeni, emakhwapheni, ekuqaqanjeni okanye ekudumbeni esiswini okanye ebusweni, kuxhomekeke kwindawo echaphazelekayo yi-lymphoma. Emva kokuvavanya iimpawu, i-hematologist iya kuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nge-biopsy kunye neemvavanyo ze-imaging. Ke ngoko, ukuba nesiqinisekiso seBurkitt's lymphoma, olona nyango lufanelekileyo lubonisiwe, oluhlala luko ikhemotherapy. Bona ngakumbi ukuba kwenziwa njani i-chemotherapy.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zeBurkitt's lymphoma zingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nendawo yethumba, kodwa ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zolu hlobo lomhlaza zezi:

• Ulwimi entanyeni, emakhwapheni kunye / okanye kwi-groin;
• Ubilo obugqithisileyo ebusuku;
• Ifiva;
• Ukucoca ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo;
• Ukudinwa.

Kuqhelekile ukuba iBurkitt's lymphoma ichaphazele ummandla womhlathi kunye namanye amathambo obuso, yiyo loo nto inokubangela ukudumba kwelinye icala lobuso. Nangona kunjalo, ithumba linokukhula nasesiswini, libangele ukuqunjelwa kunye nentlungu esiswini, ukopha kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu. Xa i-lymphoma isasazeka kwingqondo, inokubangela ubuthathaka emzimbeni kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.

Ukongeza, ukudumba okubangelwa yi-Burkitt's lymphoma ayisoloko ibangela iintlungu kwaye ihlala iqala okanye iba mandundu kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Zintoni izizathu

Nangona oonobangela beBurkitt's lymphoma abaziwa ncam, kwezinye iimeko lo mhlaza unxulunyaniswa nosulelo lwe-EBV virus kunye ne-HIV. Ukongeza, ukuba nesifo sokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, ukuzalwa unengxaki yemfuza eyonakalisa ukhuseleko lomzimba, kunokunxulumana nokukhula kolu hlobo lwe-lymphoma.

IBurkitt's lymphoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wobuntwana kwimimandla apho kukho iimeko zesifo seengcongconi, ezinjengeAfrika, kwaye kuqhelekile nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi apho baninzi abantwana abosuleleke yintsholongwane kaGawulayo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Njengoko iBurkitt's lymphoma isasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kubalulekile ukuba uxilongo lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye ugqirha wabantwana unokurhanela umhlaza kwaye awuthumele kwi-oncologist okanye kwi-hematologist, kwaye emva kokwazi ukuba kudala kangakanani iimpawu, ziya kubonisa ukusebenza kwe-biopsy kwindawo yethumba. Fumanisa ukuba kwenziwa njani i-biopsy.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba iBurkitt's lymphoma, enje ngecomputer tomography, imaging resonance imaging, pet-scan, ingqokelela yomongo wethambo kunye ne-CSF. Ezi mvavanyo zezegqirha ukuze zichonge ubuzaza kunye nobungakanani besi sifo emva koko zichaze uhlobo lonyango.

Iindidi eziphambili

Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uhlela iBurkitt's lymphoma kwiindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, zezi:

• Indalo okanye iAfrika: ichaphazela ikakhulu abantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-7 kwaye iphindwe kabini kunabafana;
• Engaqhelekanga okanye engeyo-Afrika: lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwaye lunokwenzeka ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala kwihlabathi liphela, ukubalwa phantse sisiqingatha samatyala e-lymphomas ebantwaneni;
• Idibene ne-immunodeficiency: kwenzeka kubantu abosuleleke yintsholongwane kagawulayo kwaye banoGawulayo.

I-Burkitt's lymphoma inokwenzeka nakubantu abazalwa benesifo semfuza esibangela iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banokuchaphazela abantu abafakelweyo nabasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingafunekiyo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-Burkitt's lymphoma kufuneka luqalwe kwakamsinya nje emva kokuqinisekiswa kwesifo, njengoko luhlobo lwethumba elikhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ugqirha wegazi ucebisa ukuba anyangwe ngokwendawo yesifo kunye nenqanaba lesi sifo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lolu hlobo lwe-lymphoma lusekwe kwikhemotherapy.

Amachiza anokusetyenziswa kunye kwi-chemotherapy yi-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, methotrexate kunye ne-cytarabine. I-Immunotherapy iyasetyenziswa, elona yeza lisetyenziswayo liyi-rituximab, ebopha kwiiproteni ezikwiiseli zomhlaza ezinceda ekupheliseni umhlaza.

I-Intrathecal chemotherapy, eliyeza lisetyenziselwa umqolo, iboniswa kunyango lwe-Burkitt's lymphoma kwingqondo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuyithintela ekusasazeni iye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zonyango zinokuboniswa ngugqirha, njenge-radiotherapy, utyando kunye nothintelo lomongo wethambo okanye i-autotransplantation.

Ngaba i-lymphoma yaseBurkitt iyanyangeka?

Ngaphandle kokuba luhlobo lomhlaza olunoburharha, iBurkitt's lymphoma iphantse inyangeke, kodwa oku kuyakuxhomekeka ekubeni isifo sachongwa na, indawo echaphazelekayo nokuba unyango lwaqalwa ngokukhawuleza. Xa isifo sifunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye xa unyango luqala emva koko, kukho amathuba amakhulu okunyanga.

Ii-lymphomas zeBurkitt kwinqanaba I no-II zinokuphiliswa ngaphezulu kwama-90%, kanti ii-lymphomas ezinesigaba III no-IV zinomndilili wama-80% amathuba okunyanga.

Ekupheleni konyango, kuya kufuneka ukuba ulandele i-hematologist malunga neminyaka emi-2 kwaye wenze iimviwo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3.

Jonga ividiyo eneengcebiso zokujongana njani neempawu zonyango lomhlaza: