Umhlaza wesibindi

Umxholo

• Yintoni umhlaza wesibindi?
• Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesibindi sokuqala?
• I-hepatocellular carcinoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Isibindi angiosarcoma
• IHepatoblastoma
• Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni womhlaza wesibindi?
• Ufumanisa njani umhlaza wesibindi?
• Isibindi se-biopsy
• Unyangwa njani umhlaza wesibindi?
• Hepatectomy
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi
• Ukunciphisa
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Ukudibanisa kunye nokuhlaziya
• Unokuthintelwa njani umhlaza wesibindi?
• Fumana isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B
• Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela i-hepatitis C
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqina kwesibindi
• Sela kuphela utywala ngokumodareyitha
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni
• Ukujamelana nomhlaza wesibindi

Imifanekiso yeCavan / imifanekiso kaFetty

Yintoni umhlaza wesibindi?

Umhlaza wesibindi ngumhlaza owenzeka esibindini. Isibindi lelona lungu likhulu glandular emzimbeni kwaye lenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo ukugcina umzimba ungenazo iityhefu kunye nezinto eziyingozi.

Isibindi sikwinqanaba eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu, apha ngasezantsi kweembambo. Inoxanduva lokuvelisa i-bile, eyinto ekunceda ukwetyisa amafutha, iivithamini kunye nezinye izondlo.

Eli lungu libalulekileyo ligcina izondlo ezifana neswekile, ukuze uhlale wondlekile ngamaxesha apho ungatyi. Ikwaphula amayeza kunye neetyhefu.

Xa umhlaza ukhula esibindini, utshabalalisa iiseli zesibindi kwaye uphazamise ukubanakho kwesibindi ukuba sisebenze ngesiqhelo.

Umhlaza wesibindi ngokubanzi uhlelwa njengeprayimari okanye yesibini. Umhlaza wesibindi wokuqala uqalisa kwiiseli zesibindi. Umhlaza wesibindi wesibini uvela xa iiseli zomhlaza ezivela kwelinye ilungu zisasazeka kwisibindi.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiseli emzimbeni, iiseli zomhlaza zinokuqhekeka kwindawo yokuqala, okanye apho umhlaza waqala khona.

Iiseli ziya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngokuhamba kwegazi okanye inkqubo ye-lymphatic. Iiseli zomhlaza ekugqibeleni ziqokelela kwelinye ilungu lomzimba kwaye ziqala ukukhula apho.

Eli nqaku ligxile kumhlaza wokuqala wesibindi. Ukuba unomdlavuza kwelinye ilungu ngaphambi kokuba ube nomhlaza wesibindi, nceda ubone inqaku lethu malunga nesibindi se-metastasis ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nomhlaza wesibindi wesibini.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesibindi sokuqala?

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesibindi wokuqala zivela kwiiseli ezahlukeneyo ezenza isibindi. Umhlaza wesibindi wokuqala ungaqala njengesigaxa esinye esikhulayo esibindini, okanye ungaqala kwiindawo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwesibindi ngaxeshanye.

Abantu abanomonakalo omkhulu wesibindi kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neendawo ezininzi zokukhula komhlaza. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zomhlaza wesibindi:

I-hepatocellular carcinoma

I-Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hepatoma, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesibindi, lubala iipesenti ezingama-75 zazo zonke iintsholongwane zesibindi.

Le meko ikhula kwii-hepatocytes, ezizezona iiseli zesibindi ziphambili. Inokusasazeka ukusuka esibindini iye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengepancreas, amathumbu kunye nesisu.

I-HCC kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba yenzeke kubantu abanomonakalo omkhulu wesibindi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala.

Cholangiocarcinoma

I-Cholangiocarcinoma, eyaziwa njenge-bile duct cancer, ikhula kwindawo encinci, efana ne-tube-like bile ducts esibindini. Ezi mibhobho zithwala i-bile kwi-gallbladder ukunceda ekutyeni.

Xa umhlaza uqala kwicandelo lemibhobho ngaphakathi kwesibindi, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-intrahepatic bile duct cancer. Xa umhlaza uqala kwicandelo lemibhobho engaphandle kwesibindi, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womhlaza wenyongo.

I-akhawunti yomhlaza we-Bile umhlaza malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-20 yeepesenti yazo zonke iicancer zesibindi.

Isibindi angiosarcoma

Isibindi angiosarcoma luhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza wesibindi oqala kwimithambo yegazi yesibindi. Olu hlobo lomhlaza ludla ngokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yoko lufunyaniswa kwinqanaba lokuqhubela phambili.

IHepatoblastoma

I-Hepatoblastoma luhlobo olunqabileyo kakhulu lomhlaza wesibindi. Iphantse yafunyanwa ebantwaneni, ngakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3.

Ngokuhlinzwa kunye ne-chemotherapy, umbono wabantu abanolu hlobo lomhlaza unokulunga kakhulu. Xa i-hepatoblastoma ifunyenwe kumanqanaba okuqala, izinga lokusinda liphezulu kuneepesenti ezingama-90.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi?

Abantu abaninzi abanamava kwiimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesibindi. Xa iimpawu zibonakala, zinokubandakanya:

• ukungaphatheki kakuhle esiswini, iintlungu, kunye nokuthantamisa
• ubumthubi besikhumba kunye namhlophe ngamehlo, abizwa ngokuba yi-jaundice
• ezimhlophe, ilindle elinekalika
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukugruzuka okanye ukopha ngokulula
• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa

Ngubani osemngciphekweni womhlaza wesibindi?

Oogqirha abaqinisekanga ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana umhlaza wesibindi ngelixa abanye bengenalo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezaziwayo ukonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi:

• Umhlaza wesibindi uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
• Usulelo lwe-hepatitis B okanye u-C lwexesha elide lunokonakalisa isibindi sakho. IHepatitis isasazeka isuka emntwini iye emntwini ngokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nolwelo lomzimba lomntu osulelekileyo, njengegazi labo okanye incindi yobudoda. Inokudlula isuswe kumama iye kumntwana ngexesha lokubeleka. Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko we-hepatitis B no-C ngokusebenzisa ukhuseleko xa usabelana ngesondo. Kukho isitofu sokugonya esinokukukhusela kwi-hepatitis B.
• Ukuba neziselo ezinxilisayo ezibini nangaphezulu yonke imihla ngaphezulu kweminyaka emininzi kuyonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.
• I-Cirrhosis luhlobo lomonakalo wesibindi apho izicubu ezisempilweni zithathelwa indawo ziingceba ezinamanxeba. Isibindi esibomvu asikwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi, kubandakanywa nomhlaza wesibindi. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala ixesha elide kunye ne-hepatitis C zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo e-cirrhosis e-United States. Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abanomhlaza wesibindi bane-cirrhosis ngaphambi kokuba babe nomhlaza wesibindi.
• Ukubonakaliswa kwi-aflatoxin yinto eyingozi. I-Aflatoxin yinto eyityhefu eveliswa luhlobo lokungunda olunokukhula kumandongomane, iinkozo kunye nombona. EUnited States, imithetho ephatha ukutya ithintela ukubhencwa okuxhaphakileyo kwi-aflatoxin. Ngaphandle kwelizwe, nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-aflatoxin kunokuba phezulu.
• Isifo seswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu zizinto ezinobungozi. Abantu abanesifo seswekile badla ngokutyeba kakhulu okanye batyebe, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki zesibindi kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.

Ufumanisa njani umhlaza wesibindi?

Ukuchongwa komhlaza wesibindi kuqala kwimbali yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unembali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala ixesha elide okanye isifo esinganyangekiyo sesifo hepatitis B okanye uC.

Uvavanyo lokuchonga kunye neenkqubo zomhlaza wesibindi zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi lunceda ugqirha wakho amisele impilo yesibindi ngokulinganisa amanqanaba eeproteni, ii-enzyme zesibindi, kunye ne-bilirubin egazini lakho.
• Ubukho be-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) egazini bunokuba luphawu lomhlaza wesibindi. Le protein ihlala iveliswa kuphela kwisibindi kunye ne-yolk sac yeentsana ngaphambi kokuba zizalwe. Imveliso ye-AFP ihlala iyeka emva kokuzalwa.
• Iskena se-CT esiswini okanye seMRI sivelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesibindi kunye namanye amalungu esiswini. Banokuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba akhombe apho ikhula khona ithumba, amisele ubungakanani bayo, kwaye avavanye ukuba ithe yasasazeka na kwamanye amalungu.

Isibindi se-biopsy

Olunye uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo olukhoyo yi-biopsy yesibindi. I-biopsy yesibindi ibandakanya ukususa isiqwenga esincinci sesibindi sesibindi. Ihlala isenziwa kusetyenziswa i-anesthesia ukunqanda ukuba ungaziva naziphi na iintlungu ngexesha lenkqubo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwenziwa i-biopsy yenaliti. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ugqirha wakho uya kufaka inaliti encinci esiswini sakho nakwisibindi sakho ukufumana isampulu yethishu. Isampulu iyavavanywa phantsi kwemicroscope ngeempawu zomhlaza.

I-biopsy yesibindi inokwenziwa kwakhona kusetyenziswa i-laparoscope, eyityhubhu encinci, eguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo. Ikhamera ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba isibindi sijongeka njani kwaye enze i-biopsy echanekileyo.

I-laparoscope ifakwe kwisicatshulwa esincinci esiswini. Ukuba iisampulu zethishu ezivela kwamanye amalungu ziyafuneka, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza incision enkulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-laparotomy.

Ukuba umhlaza wesibindi ufunyenwe, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba isigaba somhlaza. Inqanaba lichaza ubuzaza okanye ubungakanani bomhlaza. Inokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akhethe unyango kunye nendlela ojonga ngayo. Inqanaba 4 lelona nqanaba liphucukileyo lomhlaza wesibindi.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wesibindi?

Unyango lomhlaza wesibindi luyahluka. Kuxhomekeka:

• inani, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yamathumba esibindini
• isebenza kakuhle isibindi
• ingaba i-cirrhosis ikhona
• ingaba eli thumba linwenwele nakwamanye amalungu

Isicwangciso sakho sonyango esithile siya kusekelwa kwezi zinto. Unyango lomhlaza wesibindi unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Hepatectomy

I-hepatectomy yenziwa ukususa isahlulo sesibindi okanye sonke isibindi. Olu tyando luhlala lwenziwa xa umhlaza ugcinwe esibindini. Ixesha elingaphezulu, izihlunu ezisempilweni ziya kuphinda zibuyele endaweni yendawo engekhoyo.

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwesibindi esigulayo kunye nesibindi esisempilweni esivela kumnikeli ofanelekileyo. Ukufakelwa kungenziwa kuphela ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga kwamanye amalungu. Amayeza okuthintela ukwaliwa anikwa emva kokufakelwa.

Ukunciphisa

I-Ablation ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobushushu okanye inaliti ye-ethanol ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-anesthesia yendawo. Oku kuyandandisela indawo ukukuthintela ekuveni iintlungu. I-Ablation inokunceda abantu abangabatyunjelwa uqhaqho okanye ukufakelwa.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy luhlobo olunochuku lwonyango lweziyobisi olutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Amayeza afakwe ngaphakathi, okanye nge-vein. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ichemotherapy inokunikwa njengonyango lwangaphandle.

I-Chemotherapy inokusebenza ekunyangeni umhlaza wesibindi, kodwa abantu abaninzi bafumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngexesha lonyango, kubandakanya ukugabha, ukunciphisa ukutya, kunye nokugodola. I-Chemotherapy inokunyusa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yemitha ephezulu yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Inokuhanjiswa yimitha yelanga engaphandle okanye ngemitha yangaphakathi.

Kwimitha ye-beam yangaphandle, i-radiation ijolise esiswini nasesifubeni. Imitha yangaphakathi ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-catheter ukufaka inqanaba elincinci le-radioactive kwi-hepatic artery.

Ukutshiswa kwemitha kutshabalalisa umthambo we-hepatic, umthambo wegazi onika igazi esibindini. Oku kunciphisa inani legazi eligeleza kwithumba. Xa umthambo we-hepatic uvaliwe, i-portal vein iyaqhubeka nokondla isibindi.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ayilelwe ukubetha iiseli zomhlaza apho abasesichengeni khona. Banciphisa ukukhula kwethumba kwaye banceda ukuvala ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwi-tumor.

I-Sorafenib (Nexavar) yamkelwe njengonyango ekujoliswe kulo kubantu abanomhlaza wesibindi. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunokuba luncedo kubantu abangangabo abagqatswa kwi-hepatectomy okanye ukufakelwa kwesibindi.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo, nangona kunjalo, lunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibalulekileyo.

Ukudibanisa kunye nokuhlaziya

Ukudibanisa kunye nokunyanga kwe-chemoembolization ziinkqubo zotyando. Ziyenziwe ukuvimba umthambo we-hepatic. Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa iiponji ezincinci okanye amanye amasuntswana ukwenza oku. Oku kunciphisa inani legazi eligeleza kwithumba.

Kwi-chemoembolization, ugqirha wakho utofa amayeza e-chemotherapy kwimithambo ye-hepatic ngaphambi kokuba amasuntswana afakwe. Ukuvalwa okwenziweyo kugcina amayeza e-chemotherapy esibindini ixesha elide.

Unokuthintelwa njani umhlaza wesibindi?

Umhlaza wesibindi awunakuhlala uthintelwe. Nangona kunjalo, uyawunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi ngokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukukhula kweemeko ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.

Fumana isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B

Kukho isitofu sokugonyelwa i-hepatitis B ekufuneka bonke abantwana basifumane. Abantu abadala abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo (njengabo basebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi ezifakwa emithanjeni) kufuneka bagonywe.

Ugonyo luhlala lunikezelwa kuthotho lwezitofu ezintathu kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6.

Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela i-hepatitis C

Akukho sitofu sokugonyelwa i-hepatitis C, kodwa ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa ukhuseleko. Soloko usenza isondo elikhuselekileyo ngokusebenzisa ikhondom kunye nawo onke amaqabane akho owabelana nawo ngesondo.Akufanele uhlanganyele kwisondo esingakhuselekanga ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba iqabane lakho alinasifo se-hepatitis okanye naluphi na olunye usulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo.
• Sukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Kunqande ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ngakumbi ezo zinokujova, ezifana neheroin okanye icocaine. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, qiniseka ukusebenzisa inaliti engenazintsholongwane ngalo lonke ixesha uzifaka. Ungaze wabelane ngeenaliti nabanye abantu.
• Lumka malunga neetattoos kunye nokugqobhoza. Yiya kwivenkile ethembekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha ufumana ukugqojozwa okanye umvambo. Buza abasebenzi malunga neendlela zabo zokukhusela kwaye uqinisekise ukuba basebenzisa iinaliti eziyinyumba.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqina kwesibindi

Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqina kwesibindi ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

Sela kuphela utywala ngokumodareyitha

Ukunciphisa umyinge wobutywala obuselayo kunokunceda ukuthintela ukonakala kwesibindi. Abasetyhini akufuneki basele ngaphezulu kwesinye ngosuku, kwaye amadoda akufuneki asele ngaphezulu kwezimbini iziselo ngosuku.

Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni

Ukuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 ubuncinci kathathu ngeveki kunokukunceda ugcine ubunzima bakho.

Ukutya ukutya okunesiphene kubalulekile ekulawuleni ubunzima. Qiniseka ukuba ufaka iiproteni ezijiyileyo, ukutya okuziinkozo, kunye nemifuno okanye iziqhamo kuninzi lokutya kwakho.

Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa umzimba, yandisa inani lomthambo owenzayo suku ngalunye kwaye unciphise inani leekhalori ozityayo.

Unokufuna ukuqwalasela ukudibana nesondlo. Banokukunceda wenze isicwangciso sokutya kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo okuvumela ukuba ufezekise iinjongo zakho zokulahleka kobunzima ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba sele unayo enye yezi meko kwaye ukhathazekile ngomngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wesibindi, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa komhlaza wesibindi.

Ukujamelana nomhlaza wesibindi

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesibindi kunokuba nzima. Kubalulekile ukuba nenethiwekhi yenkxaso eyomeleleyo enokukunceda ujongane noxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo onokuba uziva ngalo.

Unokufuna ukubona umcebisi onokukunceda usebenze kwiimvakalelo zakho. Unokufuna nokucinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza apho unokuxoxa malunga neenkxalabo zakho nabanye abanokuhambelana noko uhlangabezana nako.

Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namaqela enkxaso kwindawo yakho. Unokufumana ulwazi ngamaqela enkxaso kwiwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society.