Ukuvavanywa kobunzima bemiphunga

Umxholo

• Yintoni ukusasazeka kwemiphunga?
• Yintoni injongo yovavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?
• Ndilulungiselela njani uvavanyo lokwahluka kwemiphunga?
• Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ngexesha lovavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi obunxulunyaniswa novavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zam zovavanyo?
• Yintoni ebangela iziphumo zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wemiphunga ezinokwenziwa?

Yintoni uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?

Ukusuka kwisifo sombefu ukuya kwisifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela imiphunga. Ukuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla okuqhelekileyo kunokubonisa ukuba imiphunga ayisebenzi ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kufanelekile. Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zeengxaki zemiphunga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwemiphunga.

Olunye lolu vavanyo luvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga. Uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga lusetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho iqhubekeka njani nomoya. Kunye nolunye uvavanyo, kunokunceda ugqirha wakho abone ukuba ingaba inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla isebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Inokwaziwa njengamandla okusasaza emiphungeni kuvavanyo lwekhabhon monoksayidi (DLCO).

Yintoni ukusasazeka kwemiphunga?

Uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga luyilelwe ukuvavanya ukuba imiphunga yakho ivumela njani ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside ukuba ingene kwaye iphume egazini lakho. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba kukusasazeka.

Xa uphefumla, uphefumla umoya oqukethe ioksijini ngempumlo nasemlonyeni. Lo moya uhamba wehla umbhobho wakho, okanye umbhobho womoya, ungene kwimiphunga yakho.Nje ukuba usemiphungeni, umoya uhamba uthotho lwezakhiwo ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-bronchioles. Ekugqibeleni ifikelela kwiingxowa ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli.

Ukusuka kwialveoli, ioksijini evela emoyeni ophefumlayo ingena egazini kwimithambo yegazi ekufuphi. Le yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba kukusasazeka kweoksijini. Nje ukuba igazi lakho lifakwe ioksijini, lithwala ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Olunye uhlobo lokusasazeka lwenzeka xa igazi eliqulethe ikharbon diokside libuyela kwimiphunga yakho. Ikharbon diokside isuka egazini lakho iye kwialveoli yakho. Iyagxothwa ngomphunga. Le yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-carbon dioxide diffusion.

Uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga lunokusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya zombini ioksijini kunye necarbon dioxide.

Yintoni injongo yovavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga ukuvavanya abantu abanesifo semiphunga okanye ukunceda ukufumanisa ezo zifo. Uvavanyo olululo kunye nokuxilongwa kubalulekile ekuboneleleni ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo semiphunga, uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga lungasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya indlela esebenza ngayo imiphunga yakho. Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana unyango lwesifo semiphunga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo amaxesha ngamaxesha ukujonga inkqubela phambili yesifo kunye nokuba unyango lwakho lusebenza njani.

Ndilulungiselela njani uvavanyo lokwahluka kwemiphunga?

Phambi kovavanyo, ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba uthathe amanyathelo athile ukulungiselela uvavanyo lovavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga. Unokucelwa ukuba:

• thintela ukusebenzisa i-bronchodilator okanye amanye amayeza afunekayo ngaphambi kovavanyo
• kuthintele ukutya isixa esikhulu sokutya ngaphambi kovavanyo
• kuthintele ukutshaya iiyure ezininzi phambi kovavanyo

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ngexesha lovavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga lubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Umlomo uya kufakwa emlonyeni wakho. Iya kulunga kakuhle. Ugqirha wakho uya kubeka iziqeshana ezimpumlweni zakho ukunqanda ukuba ungaphefumli ngeempumlo zakho.
2. Uya kuphefumla umoya. Lo moya uyakuqulatha inani elincinci, nelikhuselekileyo, lekhabhon monoksayidi.
3. Uya kubamba lo moya ukubala i-10 okanye njalo.
4. Uya kuwukhupha ngokukhawuleza umoya obambe kwimiphunga yakho.
5. Lo moya uya kuqokelelwa kwaye uhlalutye.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi obunxulunyaniswa novavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga?

Uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo nethe tye. Uvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga alubandakanyi nawuphi na umngcipheko. Yinkqubo ekhawulezileyo kwaye akufuneki ibangele uninzi lwabantu ukuba lube naziphi na iintlungu okanye ukungonwabi.

Kungenzeka ukuba, awuyi kuba naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zam zovavanyo?

Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba ingakanani igesi ethile oyiphefumlayo kunye nobungakanani obukhoyo emoyeni obukhupha. Ngokwesiqhelo, ilebhu iya kusebenzisa icarbon monoxide, okanye enye i "tracer" igesi, ukumisela amandla emiphunga akho okusasaza iigesi.

Ilebhu iya kuqwalasela izinto ezimbini xa kugqitywa iziphumo zovavanyo: Inani lekhabhon monoksayidi oyifakileyo ekuqaleni kunye nemali oyikhuphileyo.

Ukuba incinci kakhulu i-carbon monoxide kwisampuli ekhutshelweyo, ibonisa ukuba isixa esikhulu serhasi sasasazeka kwimiphunga yakho sangena egazini lakho. Lo ngumqondiso wokusebenza kakuhle kwemiphunga. Ukuba inani elikwisampulu ezimbini liyafana, amandla okusasazeka kwemiphunga yakho anqunyelwe.

Iziphumo zovavanyo ziyahluka, kwaye oko kuthathwa "njengesiqhelo" kuya kwahluka kumntu kumntu. Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuqaphela inani lezinto zokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo zibonisa iingxaki ngomsebenzi wemiphunga, kubandakanya:

• nokuba unayo okanye ungenayo i-emphysema
• nokuba uyindoda okanye ungumfazi
• iminyaka yakho
• ugqatso lwakho
• ubude bakho
• ubungakanani behemoglobin egazini lakho

Ngokubanzi, ugqirha wakho uza kuthelekisa ukuba balindele ukuba uphume kangakanani na kwi-carbon monoxide oyikhuphileyo.

Ukuba uphefumla naphi na ukusuka kwiipesenti ezingama-75 ukuya kwezingama-140 zesixa abasiqikelele ngaso, iziphumo zakho zovavanyo zinokuthathwa njengeziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukhupha phakathi kweepesenti ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-79 zesixa esiqikelelweyo, umsebenzi wakho wemiphunga unokuthi uthathelwe ingqalelo. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezingaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-40 luphawu lokunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu, ngesiphumo esingaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-30 esenza ukuba ufaneleke kwizibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo.

Yintoni ebangela iziphumo zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba imiphunga yakho ayisasazi igesi kwinqanaba ebekufanele ukuba likulo, kusenokubakho izizathu. Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingaqhelekanga:

• umbefu
• emphysema
• uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimithambo yemiphunga
• sarcoidosis, okanye ukudumba kwemiphunga
• ukulahleka kwezicubu zemiphunga okanye ukonakala kakhulu
• umzimba wangaphandle uthintela indlela yomoya
• iingxaki zokuhamba kwegazi
• I-pulmonary embolism (PE), okanye umthambo ovaliweyo emiphungeni
• Ukopha kwimiphunga

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wemiphunga ezinokwenziwa?

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba imiphunga ayisebenzi kakuhle, banoku-odola uvavanyo oluninzi ukongeza kuvavanyo lokusasazeka kwemiphunga. Olunye uvavanyo olunjalo yi-spirometry. Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya owuthathayo kunye nokukhawuleza kwawo ukukhupha. Olunye uvavanyo, umlinganiselo wevolumu yemiphunga, umisela ubungakanani bemiphunga kunye namandla. Ikwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-lung plethysmography.

Iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zolu vavanyo zinokunceda ugqirha wakho abone ukuba yintoni engalunganga kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthathwa ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho.