Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga

Umxholo

• Kutheni kwenziwe ukufakelwa kwemiphunga
• Umngcipheko wokufakelwa kwemiphunga
• Ungakulungiselela njani ukufakelwa kwemiphunga
• Kwenziwa njani ukufakelwa kwemiphunga
• Ukulandela emva kotyando lwemiphunga
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni ukufakelwa kwemiphunga?

Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga lutyando oluthatha indawo yemiphunga enesifo okanye engaphumeleliyo kunye nomphunga onempilo onikelayo.

Ngokwedatha evela kwiOrgan Procurement and Transplantation Network, zingaphaya kwama-36,100 iinkqubo zokufakelwa kwemiphunga ezigqityiweyo eUnited States ukusukela ngonyaka ka-1988. Uninzi lolo tyando lwalukwizigulana ezineminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-64 ubudala.

Izinga lokusinda kwezigulana zokufakelwa kwemiphunga liphuculwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngokuka, inqanaba lokusinda konyaka omnye lokutshintshelwa kwemiphunga enye phantse ibe ngama-80 epesenti. Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50. La manani ayengaphantsi kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo.

Amaxabiso okusinda ayahluka ngokwendawo. Xa uphanda apho kufuneka utyando lwakho, kubalulekile ukubuza malunga namanqanaba okusinda kweziko.

Kutheni kwenziwe ukufakelwa kwemiphunga

Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela yokugqibela yokunyanga ukusilela kwemiphunga. Olunye unyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila luya kuhlala luzanywa kuqala.

Iimeko ezinokonakalisa imiphunga yakho ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifuna ukufakelwa zibandakanya:

• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• icystic fibrosis
• emphysema
• i-fibrosis yemiphunga
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga
• sarcoidosis

Umngcipheko wokufakelwa kwemiphunga

Utyando lwemiphunga lutyando olukhulu. Kuza neengozi ezininzi. Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha wakho kufuneka axoxe nawe malunga nokuba iingozi ezinxulumene nenkqubo zingaphezulu kwezibonelelo. Kuya kufuneka uphinde uthethe ngento onokuyenza ukunciphisa iingozi zakho.

Umngcipheko omkhulu wokufakelwa komphunga kukungamkelwa komzimba. Oku kwenzeka xa amajoni akho omzimba ehlasela umpheki wakho ngokungathi sisifo. Ukugatywa okungqongqo kungakhokelela ekusileleni komphunga onikelweyo.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinzulu zinokuvela kumachiza asetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukwaliwa. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi “immunosuppressants.” Basebenza ngokunciphisa impendulo yakho yomzimba wokuzikhusela, okwenza kube lula ukuba umzimba wakho uhlasele umphunga omtsha "wangaphandle".

Amajoni omzimba aphakamisa umngcipheko wosulelo, kuba "unogada" womzimba wakho uyehla.

Eminye imingcipheko yokuhlinzwa kotyando lwemiphunga kunye namayeza ekufuneka uwathathe emva koku kubandakanya:

• ukopha kunye namahlwili egazi
• umhlaza kunye nezibi ngenxa ye-immunosuppressants
• isifo seswekile
• umonakalo kwizintso
• iingxaki zesisu
• ukuncipha kwamathambo akho (i-osteoporosis)

Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngaphambi nasemva kotyando. Oku kunokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Imiyalelo iya kubandakanya ukwenza ukhetho lokuphila ngendlela esempilweni, njengokufumana ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokungatshayi. Kuya kufuneka uphephe nokuba ulahlekile nawaphi na amayeza.

Ungakulungiselela njani ukufakelwa kwemiphunga

Ukulahleka ngokweemvakalelo kokulinda umntu onikeleyo ngemiphunga kunokuba nzima.

Nje ukuba wenze uvavanyo oluyimfuneko kwaye wahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya ezifanelekileyo, uya kubekwa kuluhlu lokulinda lomnikeli wemiphunga. Ixesha lakho lokulinda kuluhlu luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• ukufumaneka komphunga ofanayo
• uhlobo lwegazi
• Umgama wendawo phakathi komnikeli kunye nomamkeli
• ubuzaza bemeko yakho
• ubungakanani bemiphunga yomnikeli
• impilo yakho iyonke

Uya kuvavanywa kwilabhoratri kunye nakwimifanekiso yokucinga. Unokufumana neengcebiso ngokweemvakalelo nangokwezemali. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba uzilungiselele ngokupheleleyo kwiziphumo zenkqubo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika imiyalelo epheleleyo malunga nendlela yokulungiselela kakuhle utyando lwakho.

Ukuba ulinde umphunga onikelayo, kulungile ukuba iibhegi zakho zipakishwe kwangethuba. Isaziso sokuba ilungu likho siyafika nanini na.

Qiniseka ukuba ugcine lonke ulwazi lwakho loqhakamshelwano usesikhathini esibhedlele. Kufuneka babenakho ukunxibelelana nawe xa umxhasi wamaphaphu ekhona.

Xa usaziswa ukuba unomphunga womnikeli uyafumaneka, uya kuyalelwa ukuba uxele kwindawo yokufakelwa kwangoko.

Kwenziwa njani ukufakelwa kwemiphunga

Xa wena kunye nomnikeli wakho wemiphunga nifika esibhedlele, niyakulungela ukwenza utyando. Oku kubandakanya ukutshintshela kwisinxibo sasesibhedlele, ukufumana i-IV, kunye nokufumana ukubulawa komzimba ngokubanzi. Oku kuya kukubeka ebuthongweni. Uya kuvuka kwigumbi lokubuyisela emva kokuba umphunga wakho omtsha usendaweni.

Iqela lakho lotyando liya kufaka ityhubhu kumbhobho wakho womoya ukukunceda uphefumle. Enye ityhubhu inokufakwa empumlweni yakho. Iya kukukhupha isisu sakho. Kuza kusetyenziswa ithumbu lokugcina amanzi ukuze isinyi sakho singenanto.

Unokufakwa kumatshini wemiphunga yentliziyo. Esi sixhobo simpompa igazi lakho kwaye sikuphefumlela ioksijini xa utyandwa.

Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicatshulwa esikhulu esifubeni sakho. Ngale ndlela, umphunga wakho omdala uya kususwa. Umphunga wakho omtsha uza kudityaniswa kwindlela yakho ephambili yomoya kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Xa umphunga omtsha usebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ukusikwa kuya kuvalwa. Uya kusiwa kwiyunithi yonyango olunzulu (ICU) ukuze ufumane kwakhona.

Ngokuka, inkqubo eqhelekileyo yomphunga inokuthatha phakathi kweeyure ezi-4 nezisi-8. Ukutshintshwa kwemiphunga emibini kungathatha ukuya kwiiyure ezili-12.

Ukulandela emva kotyando lwemiphunga

Unokulindela ukuhlala kwi-ICU kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwenkqubo. Iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo ziya kudinga ukubekwa esweni. Uya kufakwa kumatshini wokuphefumla ngomatshini ukukunceda uphefumle. Iityhubhu ziya kudityaniswa esifubeni sakho ukukhupha nayiphi na into eyakhiwe ngamanzi.

Ukuhlala kwakho konke esibhedlele kunokuhlala iiveki, kodwa kunokuba mfutshane. Ukuhlala kwakho ixesha elide kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni uchache kangakanani.

Kwiinyanga ezintathu ezizayo, uya kuba nokuqeshwa rhoqo kunye neqela lakho lokufakelwa kwemiphunga. Baza kujonga nayiphi na imiqondiso yosulelo, ukwaliwa, okanye ezinye iingxaki. Uya kucelwa ukuba uhlale kufutshane neziko lokufakelwa.

Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlele, uya kunikwa imiyalelo yendlela yokunyamekela inxeba lotyando. Uya kuthi uxelelwe nangayiphi na imiqobo ekufuneka uyilandele kwaye unikwe amayeza.

Kungenzeka, amayeza akho aya kubandakanya enye okanye ezinye iintlobo ze-immunosuppressant, ezinje:

• cyclosporine
• itrolrolimus
• mycophenolate mofetil
• ubume
• azathioprine
• mnqambi
• daclizumab
• isiseko
• I-muromonab-CD3 (iOrthoclone OKT3)

Ii-immunosuppressants zibalulekile emva kokutshintsha kwakho. Banceda ukukhusela umzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni umphunga wakho omtsha. Uya kuthatha la mayeza ubomi bakho bonke.

Nangona kunjalo, bakushiya uvulelekile kusulelo kunye nezinye iingxaki. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Unokunikwa kwakhona:

• amayeza nokubola
• amayeza antiviral
• iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane
• womchamo
• amayeza anti-isilonda

Imbonakalo

Ikliniki yaseMayo inika ingxelo yokuba unyaka wokuqala emva kokufakelwa ngowona ubaluleke kakhulu. Yilapho iingxaki ezinkulu, usulelo kunye nokwaliwa, zixhaphake kakhulu. Ungabunciphisa obu bungozi ngokulandela imiyalelo yeqela lakho lokufakelwa kwemiphunga kwaye uxele ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iingxaki.

Nangona ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kuyingozi, kunokuba neenzuzo ezinkulu. Kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kunokukunceda uphile ixesha elide kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho.