Melanonychia

Umxholo

• Iindidi ze-melanonychia
• Oonobangela
• Izinketho zonyango
• Uxilongo
• Iingxaki
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Melanonychia yimeko yeenzipho okanye iinzwane. I-Melanonychia kuxa unemigca emdaka okanye emnyama kwiinzipho zakho. I-decolorization ihlala ikumqolo oqala emazantsi ebhedi yakho yesikhonkwane kwaye uqhubeke phezulu. Isenokuba kwisikhonkwane esinye okanye ezininzi. Le migca inokuba yinto eyenzeka ngokwendalo ukuba unebala elimnyama.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, kufuneka uhlale ugqirha ukhangele nayiphi na i-melanonychia. Kungenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lweminye imicimbi yezempilo. I-Melanonychia inokubizwa ngokuba yi-melanonychia striata okanye i-longitudinal melanonychia.

Iindidi ze-melanonychia

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibanzi ze-melanonychia:

• Ukusebenza kweMelanocytic. Olu hlobo lonyuka kwimveliso kunye needipozithi ze-melanin kwisikhonkwane sakho, kodwa hayi ukwanda kweeseli zombala.
• I-Melanocytic hyperplasia. Olu hlobo lonyuka kwinani leeseli zombala kwibhedi yakho yezikhonkwane.

Oonobangela

Izikhonkwane zeenzwane zakho okanye zeminwe zihlala ziguquka kwaye zingabi nombala. I-Melanonychia ibangelwa xa iiseli ze-pigment, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes, zifaka i-melanin kwisikhonkwane. I-Melanin ngumbala omdaka ngombala. Ezi dipozithi zihlala ziqokelelwe ndawonye. Njengokuba isikhonkwane sakho sikhula, senza ukuba umtya omdaka okanye omnyama ubonakale kwisikhonkwane sakho. Ezi mali ze-melanin zibangelwa ziinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili. Ezi nkqubo zinezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusebenza kweMelanocytic kunokubangelwa ngu:

• ukukhulelwa
• Ukwahluka ngokobuhlanga
• umothuko
  • Isifo seCarpal tunnel
  • ukuluma iinzipho
  • ukukhubazeka elunyaweni lwakho okubangela ukungqubana nezihlangu zakho
• usulelo lwesikhonkwane
• ilicus planus
• Psoriasis
• amyloidosis
• iintsumpa zentsholongwane
• umhlaza wolusu
• Isifo iAddison
• Isifo seCushing
• hyperthyroidism
• ukukhula kwehomoni ukungasebenzi
• ukuziva photosensitivity
• intsimbi eninzi
• ilupus
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• Unyango
• Ukuvezwa kweX-reyi
• iziyobisi ze-antimalaria
• iziyobisi chemotherapy

I-Melanocytic hyperplasia inokubangelwa ngu:

• izilonda (zihlala zilungile)
• i-moles okanye iimpawu zokuzalwa (zihlala zilungile)
• umhlaza isikhonkwane

Ezinye izizathu ze-melanonychia ngaphaya kweentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zingabandakanya:

• ezinye iintsholongwane
• icuba
• idayi yeenwele
• i-nitrate yesilivere
• henna

Abantu abanemvelaphi yaseAfrika banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-melanonychia.

Izinketho zonyango

Unyango lwe-melanonychia luyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Ukuba i-melanonychia yakho ibangelwa yinto enobungozi kwaye ayinomdlavuza, amaxesha amaninzi, akukho nonyango olufunekayo. Ukuba i-melanonychia yakho ibangelwa ngamayeza, ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha amayeza okanye uyeke ukuwuthatha okwexeshana, ukuba oko kunokwenzeka. Amayeza ongenakuyeka ukuwathatha, i-melanonychia iya kuba sisiphumo esibi kuwe ukuba uqhele. Olunye ukhetho lonyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu kwaye lunokubandakanya:

• ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye okubulala ukubola, ukuba isifo sisizathu
• Ukunyanga isifo esisisiseko okanye imeko yezonyango ebangela i-melanonychia

Ukuba i-melanonychia yakho iyingozi okanye inomdlavuza, i-tumor okanye indawo yomhlaza kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo. Isenokuthetha ukuba uya kulahla konke okanye inxalenye yesikhonkwane sakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, umnwe okanye ubhontsi onethumba kusenokufuneka unqunyulwe.

Uxilongo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-melanonychia kufikelelwa emva kovavanyo kunye novavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngovavanyo lomzimba lwazo zonke iinzipho zakho kunye neenzwane. Olu vavanyo lomzimba lubandakanya ukujonga ukuba ngaba isikhonkwane sakho sikhubazekile nangayiphi na indlela, zingaphi iinzipho ezine-melanonychia, kunye nombala, imilo, kunye nobungakanani be-melanonychia yakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga nembali yakho yezonyango ukuze abone ukuba ngaba unazo naziphi na iimeko zonyango ezinokubangela i-melanonychia.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuxilongwa luviwo lwe-dermatoscopic usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-microscope ukuze ukhangele kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ikakhulu imiqondiso yokuba i-melanonychia yakho inokuba libi. Iimpawu ze-nail melanoma ezinokwenzeka zezi:

• ngaphezulu kwesibini esithathwini sepleyiti yesikhonkwane ayitshintshi
• umbala omdaka ongaqhelekanga
• umbala omnyama okanye ongwevu ngombala omdaka
• iigram eziyimbonakalo yokukhangela
• ukomelela kwesikhonkwane

Ngaphandle kokujonga iimpawu ze-melanoma enokwenzeka, ugqirha wakho uya kudibanisa iziphumo ezivela kwi-dermoscopy kunye novavanyo lomzimba ukumisela uhlobo kunye nesizathu se-melanonychia yakho.

Emva kwala manyathelo mabini, ugqirha wakho unokwenza kwakhona i-biopsy yesikhonkwane sakho. I-biopsy isusa isuntswana lesikhonkwane kunye nezicwili zesikhonkwane sakho ukuze sihlolwe. Eli nyathelo liya kwenziwa kwiimeko ezininzi ze-melanonychia ngaphandle kokuba akukho miqondiso yomhlaza. I-biopsy linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufumaniseni i-melanonychia kuba iya kuxelela ugqirha wakho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ayilunganga na okanye hayi.

Iingxaki

Iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-melanonychia zibandakanya umhlaza wesikhonkwane, ukopha phantsi kwesikhonkwane, ukwahlula isikhonkwane sakho, kunye nokuqina kwesikhonkwane sakho. I-biopsy ye-nail nayo inokubangela ukuba i-nail deformity kuba isusa inxalenye yesikhonkwane.

Imbonakalo

Imbonakalo ye-melanonychia enobungozi ilungile, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, ayifuni unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ingahambi yodwa.

Imbonakalo ye-melanonychia enobungozi ayilungile. Le meko ifuna ukususwa kwethumba elinokuthi libandakanye ukunqunyulwa komnwe okanye uzwane. Umhlaza wesikhonkwane ucela umngeni ekubambeni kumanqanaba okuqala ngenxa yokufana kwawo nezizathu ezinobungozi be-melanonychia. Uphando lufumene ukuba ukwenza i-biopsy kwi-melanonychia eninzi yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili.