I-Meningococcemia: oonobangela, iimpawu kunye nokunye

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela i-meningococcemia?
• Ngubani onokuphuhlisa i-meningococcemia?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-meningococcemia?
• I-meningococcemia ifunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani i-meningococcemia?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-meningococcemia?
• Ungayikhusela njani i-meningococcemia?

Yintoni i-meningococcemia?

I-Meningococcemia sisifo esinqabileyo esibangelwa yi I-Neisseria meningitidis iintsholongwane. Olu luhlobo olunye lweebhakteria ezinokubangela i-meningitis.

Xa ibhaktiriya isulela inwebu egubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-meningitis. Xa usulelo luhlala egazini kodwa aluchaphazeli ingqondo okanye umnqonqo, lubizwa ngokuba yi-meningococcemia.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-meningitis kunye ne-meningococcemia ngexesha elifanayo. Kule meko, iibhaktheriya zibonakala kwigazi kuqala emva koko zidlulele kwingqondo.

I-Neisseria meningitidis Iibhaktheriya ziqhelekile kumatshini wokuphefumla kwaye azibangeli kugula. Nangona nabani na onokufumana i-meningococcemia, ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana, ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci.

Usulelo ngo I-Neisseria meningitidis, nokuba ngaba iba yi-meningitis okanye i-meningococcemia, ithathwa njengonyango olungxamisekileyo kwaye ifuna unyango kwangoko.

Yintoni ebangela i-meningococcemia?

I-Neisseria meningitidis, ibhaktheriya ebangela i-meningococcemia, inokuhlala ngokungenabungozi kwindawo yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu. Ukuchaphazeleka nje kule ntsholongwane akwanele ukubangela izifo. Ukufikelela kwiipesenti ezili-10 zabantu banokuthwala le bhaktheriya. Ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye yabo bathwala bayagula.

Umntu onolu suleleko angasasaza iintsholongwane ngokukhohlela nangokuthimla.

Ngubani onokuphuhlisa i-meningococcemia?

Phantse kwisiqingatha senani lilonke lamatyala esi sifo se-meningococcal senzeka kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Eli nani libandakanya zombini i-meningitis kunye ne-meningococcemia.

Ukuba usandula ukufudukela kwiqela lokuhlala, njengendawo yokuhlala, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphuhlise imeko. Ukuba uceba ukungena kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha unokukuxelela ukuba ugonyelwe le meko.

Ukwanobungozi obandayo ukuba uhlala naye okanye unxibelelana kakhulu nomntu onesifo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba kunjalo. Banokukhetha ukukunika iprophylactic, okanye uthintelo, ii-antibiotics.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-meningococcemia?

Unokuba neempawu ezimbalwa ekuqaleni. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuqala zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• irhashalala enamabala amancinci
• isicaphucaphu
• ukucaphuka
• ixhala

Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, unokuhlakulela iimpawu ezinzulu, kuquka:

• amahlwili egazi
• amabala okopha phantsi kolusu lwakho
• ukungakhathali
• ukothuka

Iimpawu ze-meningococcemia zingafana nezinye zeemeko, kubandakanya i-Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), i-toxic shock syndrome (TSS), kunye ne-rheumatic fever (RF). Funda malunga neempawu ze-meningitis.

I-meningococcemia ifunyaniswa njani?

I-Meningococcemia ihlala ifunyaniswa kuvavanyo lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha isampulu yegazi lakho emva koko enze inkcubeko yegazi ukumisela ukuba zikhona na iintsholongwane.

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza inkcubeko usebenzisa ulwelo oluvela kumqolo wakho endaweni yegazi lakho. Kule meko, uvavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yinkcubeko ye-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Ugqirha wakho uya kufumana i-CSF kwimpompo yomgogodla, okanye kwi-lumbar puncture.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa ngugqirha wakho lubandakanya:

• izilonda zesikhumba
• inkcubeko yomchamo
• iimvavanyo zokunqanda igazi
• ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC)

Inyangwa njani i-meningococcemia?

I-Meningococcemia kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Uya kungeniswa esibhedlele kwaye mhlawumbi ugcinwe kwigumbi elizimeleyo ukunqanda iintsholongwane zisasazeke.

Uya kunikwa i-antibiotics ngomthambo ukuqala ukulwa nosulelo. Unokufumana kwakhona i-intravenous (IV) fluid.

Olunye unyango luxhomekeke kwiimpawu ozivelisileyo. Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, uyakufumana ioksijini. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luba phantsi kakhulu, uya kufumana amayeza. I-Fludrocortisone kunye ne-midodrine ngamayeza amabini asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi.

I-Meningococcemia ingakhokelela kukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho unokukunika unyango lweplatelet.

Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho unokunqwenela ukunika oonxibelelwano abasondeleyo iiprophylactic antibiotics, nangona bengabonakali zimpawu. Oku kunokubathintela ekuphuhliseni isifo. Ii-antibiotics ezimiselweyo zinokubandakanya i-rifampin (Rifadin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), okanye ceftriaxone (Rocephin).

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-meningococcemia?

I-Meningococcemia inokuchaphazela amandla egazi lakho ekunqandeni, okukhokelela kukuphazamiseka kwegazi.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka nge-meningitis. Iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-meningitis zibandakanya ukulahleka kwendlebe, ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nokulimala. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-meningitis inokubulala.

Ungayikhusela njani i-meningococcemia?

Ukuziqhelanisa nococeko lwempilo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlamba izandla kakuhle nokuvala umlomo kunye nempumlo xa uthimla kunye nokukhohlela.

Unokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngokuphepha abantu abakhohlela, bathimla, okanye babonise ezinye iimpawu zokugula. Kwakhona, musa ukwabelana ngezinto zabantu kunye nabantu abagulayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awabelani nantoni na edibana nomlomo ngaphandle kokuba ihlanjiwe emva kokuba isetyenzisiwe okokugqibela.

Ukuba uye wachaphazeleka kumntu owosulelekileyo, ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa ngee-antibiotics zokuthintela. Oku kuya kunciphisa amathuba okufumana isifo.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ufumane ugonyo. Zintathu iintlobo zokugonya ezikhoyo eMelika. Ugonyo luyacetyiswa kwabo basemngciphekweni wokosuleleka, njengolutsha, abafundi beekholeji, okanye abantu abaza kuhamba kwimeko yeqela okokuqala. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokugonya.