I-Methionine: Imisebenzi, imithombo yokutya kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Umxholo

• Yintoni iMethionine?
• Inokuvelisa iiMolekyuli eziBalulekileyo kuMsebenzi oSebenzayo weSeli
• Idlala indima kwiDNA Methylation
• Ukutya okuneMethionine esezantsi kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwizilwanyana
• Imithombo yokutya yeMethionine
• Ukungenisa, ukuTyhefu kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Ukungenisa okucetyiswayo
• Iziphumo kwiHomocysteine
• Imiphumela
• Umgca osezantsi

Ii-amino acid zinceda ukwakha iiproteni ezenza izicwili kunye namalungu omzimba wakho.

Ukongeza kulo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, ezinye iiamino acid zinezinye iindima ezikhethekileyo.

I-Methionine yi-amino acid evelisa iimolekyuli ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Ezi molekyuli zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweeseli zakho.

Ngenxa yemolekyuli ebalulekileyo eveliswayo, abanye bancomela ukwanda kokutya kwe-methionine. Nangona kunjalo, abanye bancomela ukusikhawulela ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha ngokubaluleka kwe-methionine kunye nokuba kuya kufuneka ukhathazeke malunga nenani layo ekutyeni kwakho. Imithombo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyaxoxwa.

Yintoni iMethionine?

I-Methionine yi-amino acid efumaneka kwiiproteni ezininzi, kubandakanya neeproteni ekutyeni kunye nezo zifumaneka kwizicwili nakwizitho zomzimba wakho.

Ukongeza ekubeni sisakhiwo seeproteni, inezinye izinto ezizodwa.

Enye yezi kukukwazi kwayo ukuguqulwa ibe yimolekyuli ebalulekileyo enesulphur ().

Iimolekyuli ezineSulphur zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukukhuselwa kwezicubu zakho, ukuguqula i-DNA kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zakho, (3).

Ezi molekyuli zibalulekileyo kufuneka zenziwe ngee-amino acid ezine sulphur. Kwiiamino acid ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiproteni emzimbeni, yimethionine kunye necysteine ​​kuphela enesulphur.

Nangona umzimba wakho unokuvelisa i-amino acid cysteine ​​eyedwa, imethionine kufuneka ivele kukutya (4).

Ukongeza, i-methionine idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni inkqubo yokwenza iiproteni ezintsha ngaphakathi kweeseli zakho, into eqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo njengoko iiproteni ezindala zisaphuka ().

Umzekelo, le amino acid iqala inkqubo yokuvelisa iiproteni ezintsha kwiimisipha zakho emva kweseshoni yokuzivocavoca eyonakalisayo (,).

I-Methionine yi-amino acid ekhethekileyo. Inesulphur kwaye inokuvelisa ezinye iimolekyuli ezinesulphur emzimbeni. Kuyabandakanyeka ekuqaliseni ukuveliswa kweprotein kwiiseli zakho.

Inokuvelisa iiMolekyuli eziBalulekileyo kuMsebenzi oSebenzayo weSeli

Enye yeendima eziphambili ze-methionine emzimbeni kukuba inokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iimolekyuli ezibalulekileyo.

Iyabandakanyeka kwimveliso yecysteine, enye i-amino acid enesalfure esetyenziselwa ukwakha iiproteni emzimbeni (,).

ICysteine, nayo, inokwenza iindidi zemolekyuli, kubandakanya iiproteni, glutathione kunye ne taurine ().

I-Glutathione ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "master antioxidant" ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umzimba wakho (,).

Ikwadlala indima kwimetabolism yezakha mzimba kunye nemveliso ye-DNA kunye neeproteni ().

I-Taurine inemisebenzi emininzi enceda ukugcina impilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zakho ().

Enye yezona molekyuli zibaluleke kakhulu i-methionine inokuguqulwa ibe yi-S-adenosylmethionine, okanye i- “SAM” ().

I-SAM ithatha inxaxheba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula kwamachiza ngokudlulisela inxenye yazo kwezinye iimolekyuli, kubandakanya iDNA neeproteni (3,).

I-SAM ikwasetyenziswa kwimveliso yendalo, imolekyuli ebalulekileyo yamandla eselula (,).

Ngokubanzi, i-methionine ibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni ngenxa yemolekyuli enokuba yiyo.

I-Methionine inokuguqula iye kwiimolekyuli ezininzi ezinesulphur enemisebenzi ebalulekileyo, enje nge-glutathione, taurine, SAM kunye ne-creatine. Ezi molekyuli zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo yeeseli emzimbeni wakho.

Idlala indima kwiDNA Methylation

IDNA yakho iqulethe ulwazi olwenza ukuba ubenguye.

Ngelixa uninzi lolu lwazi lunokuhlala lukho ngokufanayo kubomi bakho bonke, iimeko zokusingqongileyo zinokutshintsha imeko ezithile ze-DNA yakho.

Le yeyona ndima inomdla kakhulu kwimethionine- ukuba inokuguqula ibe yimolekyuli ebizwa ngokuba yi-SAM. I-SAM inokutshintsha i-DNA yakho ngokongeza iqela le-methyl (i-athomu yekhabhoni kunye neeathom ze-hydrogen eziqhotyoshelweyo) kuyo (3,).

Inani le-methionine ekutyeni kwakho linokuchaphazela ukuba le nkqubo yenzeka kangakanani, kodwa kukho imibuzo emininzi engaphendulwanga malunga noku.

Kungenzeka ukuba ukonyusa i-methionine ekudleni kunokunyusa okanye kunciphise ukuba ingakanani i-DNA yakho eguqukayo ngenxa ye-SAM ().

Ukongeza, ukuba olu tshintsho luyenzeka, lunokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko kodwa lube yingozi kwabanye ().

Umzekelo, olunye uphando lubonakalisile ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwizakhamzimba ezongeza amaqela e-methyl kwi-DNA yakho kunganciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza (c).

Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lubonakalisile ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwe-methionine kungazenza mandundu iimeko ezinje nge-schizophrenia, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokongeza amaqela e-methyl kwi-DNA (,).

Enye yeemolekyuli eziveliswe yimethionine, i-SAM, inokutshintsha iDNA yakho. Akucaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba umxholo we-methionine wesondlo sakho uyichaphazela njani le nkqubo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba le nkqubo iluncedo kwezinye iimeko kwaye iyingozi kwezinye.

Ukutya okuneMethionine esezantsi kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwizilwanyana

Nangona imethionine inendima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni, olunye uphando lubonisa izibonelelo zokutya eziphantsi kule amino acid.

Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zixhomekeke kwimethionine yokutya ukuze ikhule. Kwezi meko, ukunciphisa ukutya okutyayo kunokuba luncedo ekuncedeni ukulamba iiseli zomhlaza ().

Kuba iiproteni ezivela kwizityalo zihlala zisezantsi kwimethionine kuneeproteni zezilwanyana, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ekubeni ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo kunokuba sisixhobo sokulwa neminye imihlaza (,).

Ukongeza, izifundo ezininzi kwizilwanyana zibonisa ukuba ukunciphisa i-methionine kunokunyusa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokuphucula impilo (,,).

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ixesha lokuphila lingaphezulu kwama-40% ngaphezulu kweempuku ezondla ukutya okune-methionine ephantsi ().

Oku kuphila ixesha elide kunokuba ngenxa yokuphucula uxinzelelo kuxinzelelo kunye imetabolism kunye nokugcina amandla eeseli zomzimba ukuba zivelise (,).

Abanye abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba umxholo we-methionine esezantsi usebenza ekucothiseni izinga lokuguga kwiimpuku ().

Nokuba ezi zibonelelo zandiselwa ebantwini okanye azikacaci okwangoku, kodwa ezinye izifundo zetyhubhu yovavanyo zibonise izibonelelo zomxholo we-methionine esezantsi kwiiseli zomntu (,).

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lomntu luyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe nasiphi na isigqibo.

Kwizilwanyana, ukunciphisa umxholo we-methionine wokutya kunokucutha izinga lokuguga kunye nokunyusa ixesha lokuphila. Olunye uphononongo lubonise izibonelelo zokwehlisa i-methionine kwiiseli zomntu, kodwa uphando luyafuneka ebantwini abaphilayo.

Imithombo yokutya yeMethionine

Ngelixa konke ukutya okuqulethe iiprotein kuneemethionine ezithile, ixabiso liyahluka kakhulu. Amaqanda, iintlanzi kunye nezinye iinyama ziqulathe isixa esikhulu sale amino acid (23).

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-8% yee-amino acid kwiiqanda ezimhlophe zii-amino acid (i-methionine kunye necysteine) ().

Eli xabiso limalunga neepesenti ezintlanu (5%) kwinkukhu nakwinyama yenkomo kunye neepesenti ezi-4 kwiimveliso zobisi. Iiproteni zezityalo zihlala zinamanani asezantsi ezi amino acid.

Olunye uphando luye lwavavanya isixa esipheleleyo se-amino acid (i-methionine kunye ne-cysteine) yesulfure kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya ().

Umxholo ophakamileyo (6.8 iigrem ngosuku) uxelwe kwizidlo ezineprotein ephezulu, ngelixa ukutya okuncinci bekukho kubantu abatya inyama (3.0 gram ngosuku) kunye neevegans (2.3 iigrem ngosuku).

Ngaphandle kokutya okuncinci phakathi kwabatyayo, olunye uphando lubonakalisile ukuba banegazi eliphezulu le-methionine kunabo batya inyama nentlanzi ().

Oku kufunyanisiweyo kukhokelele kubaphandi ukuba bagqibe ekubeni umxholo wokutya kunye nokuxinana kwegazi kwimethionine akusoloko kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zifundo zifumanise ukuba ii-vegans zinokutya okuncinci kunye nokuxinana kwegazi okuphantsi kwe-methionine (,).

Iiproteni zezilwanyana zihlala zinomxholo omkhulu we-methionine kuneeproteni zezityalo. Abo balandela ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo banesondlo esisezantsi se-amino acid, nangona benokuba namanqanaba aphezulu okanye asezantsi emethionine egazini.

Ukungenisa, ukuTyhefu kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Abaphandi babeke ukutya okucetyiswayo kwemihla ngemihla kwee-amino acid (i-methionine kunye necysteine), kodwa izifundo ziye zavavanya iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zedosi ephezulu.

Ukungenisa okucetyiswayo

Ukutya okucetyiswayo kwemihla ngemihla kwe-methionine kunye ne-cysteine ​​yi-8.6 mg / lb (19 mg / kg) ngemini yabantu abadala, ejikeleze i-1.3 yeigram zomntu onobunzima beepawundi eziyi-150 (68 kilograms) (4).

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphandi bacebise ukuba baphinde basebenzise eli xabiso ngokusekwe kwimida yezifundo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuseta ukutya okucetyiswayo ().

Abantu abadala bahlala benesondlo esisezantsi se-methionine, kwaye uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba banokufuna ukufakwa okuphezulu kwe-2 ukuya kwi-3 yeegram ngosuku (,).

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amaqela athile anokuxhamla ngokwandisa ukutya kwawo kwe-methionine, ukutya okuninzi kudlula i-2 gram ngosuku lwe-methionine kunye ne-cysteine.

Iindidi zokutya, kubandakanya i-vegan, imifuno, izidlo zesintu kunye neeprotein ephezulu ziqikelelwa ukuba ziqulathe phakathi kwe-2.3 kunye ne-6.8 yeegram ngosuku lwezi amino acid ().

Iziphumo kwiHomocysteine

Mhlawumbi eyona nkxalabo inkulu enxulunyaniswa nokutya okuphezulu kwemethionine kungenxa yemolekyuli enye iamino acid enokuvelisa.

I-Methionine inokuguqulwa ibe yi-homocysteine, i-amino acid ehambelana nezinto ezininzi zesifo sentliziyo (,).

Ukufakwa okuphezulu kwe-methionine kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-homocysteine, nangona abanye abantu besengozini yokufumana le nkqubo kunabanye ().

Into enomdla kukuba, uphando lubonisa ukuba ubungozi obunokubakho bokutya okuphezulu kwe-methionine kunokubangelwa yi-homocysteine ​​kunokuba i-methionine uqobo ().

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izinto ezinokutshintsha amanqanaba e-homocysteine.

Umzekelo, nangona banokutya okuncinci kwe-methionine, ii-vegans kunye nemifuno inokuba ne-homocysteine ​​ephezulu kune-omnivores ngenxa yokutya okungaphantsi kwe-vitamin B12 ().

Olunye uphando lubonise iprotheyini ephezulu, ukutya okuninzi kwe-methionine akuzange kwandise i-homocysteine ​​emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, xa kuthelekiswa neprotein ephantsi, ukutya okuncinci kwe-methionine ().

Ukongeza, ukuguqula ukutya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100% akubonakali kuchaphazela i-homocysteine ​​kubantu abadala abasempilweni ngaphandle kweevithamini ().

Imiphumela

Ukuvavanya iimpendulo zomzimba kwi-methionine, abaphandi baya kunika idosi enye enkulu ye-amino acid kwaye bajonge iziphumo.

Le dosi inkulu kakhulu kunaleyo icetyiswayo, ihlala ijikeleze i-45 mg / lb (100 mg / kg), okanye 6.8 iigram kumntu onobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-150 (68 kilograms) ().

Olu hlobo lovavanyo lwenziwe ngaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-6,000, ikakhulu iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci. Ezi ziphumo zincinci zibandakanya ukuba nesiyezi, ukulala kunye notshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi ().

Esinye isiganeko esibi esibi senzekile ngexesha lolunye lovavanyo, olukhokelele ekuswelekeni komntu onexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kodwa impilo entle kungenjalo ().

Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi ukugqithisa ngengozi malunga namaxesha angama-70 okucetyiswayo kokungenisa kubangele iingxaki ().

Ngokubanzi, kubonakala ngathi i-methionine ayisiyongo ngakumbi kubantu abasempilweni, ngaphandle kweedosi eziphezulu kakhulu ekunokwenzeka ukuba zingafumaneki ngokutya.

Nangona i-methionine ibandakanyeka kwimveliso ye-homocysteine, akukho bungqina bokuba ukutya ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo kuyingozi kwimpilo yentliziyo ().

Abantu abalandela iintlobo ezininzi zokutya baya kuhlala begqitha kwelona qondo lincinci lokucetyiswa kwemethionine. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekuphenduleni kwiidosi ezinkulu zihlala zincinci kodwa kunokuba yingozi kwiidosi eziphezulu kakhulu.

Umgca osezantsi

I-Methionine sisiphatho esahlukileyo esinama-amino acid anokusetyenziselwa ukwakha iiproteni kunye nokuvelisa iimolekyuli ezininzi emzimbeni.

Oku kubandakanya i-antioxidant glutathione kunye nemolekyuli ye-SAM, esetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-DNA kunye nezinye iimolekyuli.

I-Methionine ifumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya okuqulethe iiproteni kwaye ihlala iphezulu kwiiproteni zezilwanyana kuneeproteni zezityalo. Nangona izidlo ezisezantsi-methionine zibonisiwe ukuba zandisa ixesha lokuphila kwizilwanyana, nokuba oku kubalulekile ebantwini akukacaci.

Abantu abatya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya bahlangabezana nokutya okucetyiswayo kwe-methionine, nangona abanye abantu abalupheleyo benokuxhamla ngokwandisa ukutya kwabo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekuphenduleni kwiidosi ezinkulu zihlala zincinci kodwa kunokuba yingozi kwiidosi eziphezulu kakhulu kunoko kunokufunyanwa kukutya okuqhelekileyo.

Ngokusekwe kuphando olufumanekayo kubantu abasempilweni, ngekhe ufune ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukonyuse ukutya kwe-methionine kwisidlo sakho.