IMicrotia

Umxholo

• Amabakala amane emicrotia
• Imifanekiso ye-microtia
• Yintoni ebangela i-microtia?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-microtia?
• Izinketho zonyango
• Utyando lwe-ribil cartilage
• Utyando lwedrafti
• Indlebe yangaphandle yokufakelwa
• Izixhobo zokuvalelwa ngaphakathi
• Impembelelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Yintoni i-microtia?

IMicrotia kukuzalwa okungaqhelekanga apho icandelo elingaphandle lendlebe yomntwana lingaphuhlanga kwaye ihlala ingalunganga. Isiphene sinokuchaphazela indlebe enye (engakhethiyo) okanye zombini (ezibini). Malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zamatyala, yenzeka ngokungafaniyo.

E-United States, i-microtia imalunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-5 kwi-10,000 yokuzalwa ephilayo ngonyaka. I-bilateral microtia iqikelelwa ukuba yenzeke kwi-1 kuphela kwi-25,000 yokuzalwa ngonyaka.

Amabakala amane emicrotia

I-Microtia ivela kumanqanaba amane ahlukeneyo, okanye kumabakala obunzima:

• IBakala I. Umntwana wakho unokuba nendlebe yangaphandle ebonakala incinci kodwa ubukhulu becala iqhelekile, kodwa indlebe yendlebe inokuthi incitshiswe okanye ilahleke.
• IBakala II. Umzantsi wesithathu wendlebe yomntwana wakho, kubandakanya ne-earlobe, unokubonakala ngathi uphuculwe ngokwesiqhelo, kodwa ezona zibini zintathu ziphezulu zincinci kwaye azilunganga. Umsele wendlebe unokuba mxinwa okanye ulahlekile.
• IBakala III. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-microtia olubonwa kwiintsana nasebantwaneni. Umntwana wakho usenokuba akaphuhlanga, iinxalenye ezincinci zendlebe yangaphandle zangoku, kubandakanya ukuqala kwe-lobe kunye nenani elincinci le-cartilage phezulu. Ngebanga lesithathu le-microtia, kuhlala kungekho mbombo wendlebe.
• IBakala IV. Olona hlobo lukhulu lwe-microtia lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-anotia. Umntwana wakho une-anotia ukuba akukho ndlebe okanye i-canal canal ekhoyo, nokuba yi-unilaterally okanye ngokudibeneyo.

Imifanekiso ye-microtia

Yintoni ebangela i-microtia?

I-Microtia ihlala ikhula ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, kwiiveki zokuqala zophuhliso. Unobangela wayo awaziwa kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, imeko yemfuza okanye utshintsho, izinto ezibangela okusingqongileyo, kunye nokutya okuncinci kwiicarbohydrate nakwi folic acid.

Inye into enokuchonga umngcipheko kwimicrotia kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza amabala iAccutane (isotretinoin) ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Eli yeza linxulunyaniswa nokungaqhelekanga kokuzalwa, kubandakanya ne-microtia.

Enye into enokuthi ibeke umntwana emngciphekweni wesifo seswekile, ukuba umama uneswekile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Oomama abanesifo seswekile babonakala besemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuzala umntwana one-microtia kunabanye abafazi abakhulelweyo.

IMicrotia ayibonakali ngathi yimeko yemfuza efunyanwa ubukhulu becala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana abane-microtia abanawo amanye amalungu osapho anale meko. Kubonakala ngathi kwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga kwaye kuye kwabonwa nakwiiseti zamawele ukuba olunye usana lunalo kodwa olunye alunalo.

Nangona uninzi lweziganeko ze-microtia zingalilo ilifa, kwipesenti encinci ye-microtia ezuzwe njengelifa, imeko inokutsiba izizukulwana. Kananjalo, oomama abanomntwana omnye ozelwe ene-microtia banokwanda kancinci (iipesenti ezintlanu) umngcipheko wokuba nomnye umntwana onale meko.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-microtia?

Ugqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho kufuneka akwazi ukufumanisa isifo se-microtia ngokujonga. Ukuchonga ubuzaza, ugqirha womntwana wakho uya kuyalela uviwo ngendlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ENT) yingcali kunye neemvavanyo zokuva ngegqirha lengcali yabantwana.

Kuyenzeka ukuba uchonge ubungakanani be-microtia yomntwana wakho ngokuskena kwi-CAT scan, nangona oku kusenziwa ikakhulu xa umntwana emdala.

I-audiologist iya kuvavanya inqanaba lomntwana wakho lokulahleka kwendlebe, kwaye i-ENT iya kuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba indlebe ikhona okanye ayikho. I-ENT yomntwana wakho iya kuba nakho ukukucebisa malunga neenketho zoncedo lokuva okanye lotyando lokwakha ngokutsha.

Ngenxa yokuba i-microtia inokwenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko zemfuza okanye iziphene zokuzalwa, ugqirha wabantwana bakho uya kufuna ukukhupha ezinye izifo. Ugqirha unokucebisa nge-ultrasound yezintso zomntwana wakho ukuvavanya ukukhula kwabo.

Usenokuthunyelwa kwingcali yemfuza ukuba ugqirha womntwana wakho ukrokrela ukuba ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zofuzo zinokudlala.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-microtia ivela ecaleni kwezinye ii-craniofacial syndromes, okanye njengenxalenye yazo. Ukuba ugqirha wabantwana uyakukrokrela oku, umntwana wakho angathunyelwa kwiingcali ze-craniofacial okanye i-therapists ukuze aqhubeke nokuvavanya, unyango kunye nonyango.

Izinketho zonyango

Ezinye iintsapho zikhetha ukungangeneleli kutyando. Ukuba umntwana wakho ulusana, ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha komsele wendlebe akunakwenziwa okwangoku. Ukuba awonwabanga kukhetho lokuhlinzwa, ungalinda ade abe mdala umntwana wakho. Utyando lwe-microtia ludla ngokulula kubantwana abadala, njengoko kukho intlala eninzi ekhoyo ekumiliseleni.

Kuyenzeka ukuba abanye abantwana abazalwe benesifo se-microtia basebenzise izixhobo zokuva ngonyango. Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-microtia yomntwana wakho, banokuba ngumgqatswa wolu hlobo lwesixhobo, ngakumbi ukuba bancinci kakhulu ukuba bangatyandwa okanye ukuba uhlehlisa. Izinto zokuncedisa ukuva zinokusetyenziswa ukuba kukho indlebe yendlebe.

Utyando lwe-ribil cartilage

Ukuba ukhetha ubambo olumiliselwe umntwana wakho, baya kwenziwa iinkqubo ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwisithuba seenyanga ezininzi ukuya kunyaka. I-cartilage ye-Rib isuswe esifubeni somntwana wakho kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukumila kwendlebe. Emva koko ifakwe phantsi kwesikhumba kwindawo apho indlebe yayiza kubakho khona.

Emva kokuba intlala entsha ifakelwe ngokupheleleyo kule ndawo, uqhaqho olongezelelekileyo kunye nokufakelwa kolusu kungenziwa ukuze ibeke kakuhle indlebe. Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe utyando lobambo kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-8 ukuya kweli-10 ubudala.

I-ribibilage ye-Rib yomelele kwaye yomelele. Izicubu ezisuka emzimbeni womntwana wakho nazo azinamathuba okulahlwa njengezinto zokufakelwa.

Ukuhla kwehla ukuya kuqhaqho kubandakanya iintlungu kunye nokubakho okunokwenzeka kwindawo yokufakelwa. Intambo yombambo esetyenziselwa ukufakelwa nayo iya kuziva yomelele kwaye iqine kunendlebe.

Utyando lwedrafti

Olu hlobo lokwakha ngokutsha lubandakanya ukufakelwa kwezinto zokwenziwa endaweni yentambo. Ngokuqhelekileyo inokugqitywa kwinkqubo enye kwaye isebenzise izicubu ze-scalp ukugubungela izinto ezifakwayo.

Abantwana abaneminyaka yobudala emi-3 banokwenza ngokukhuselekileyo le nkqubo. Iziphumo ziyahambelana ngakumbi kunokwenziwa kotyando lobambo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka kunye nokulahleka kokufakelwa ngenxa yokulimala okanye ukulimala ngenxa yokuba ayifakwanga kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.

Akukaziwa okwangoku ukuba i-Medpor ithatha ixesha elingakanani, ngoko ke abanye oogqirha babantwana abayi kunika okanye benze le nkqubo.

Indlebe yangaphandle yokufakelwa

Iiprosthetics zinokubonakala ziyinyani kwaye zinxitywe ngokudibanisa okanye ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-anchor efakwe ngotyando. Inkqubo yokufaka iiankile zincinci, kwaye ixesha lokubuyisela lincinci.

Iiprosthetics lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubantwana abangakhange bakwazi ukuphinda bavuseleleke okanye abo bangakhange baphumelele. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banobunzima ngombono wokwenza into yokufakelwa.

Abanye banokuba nolwazelelelo lolusu kwii-adhesives zebanga lonyango. Iinkqubo ze-anchor ezifakwe ngamehlo zinokuphakamisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho kusulelo lolusu. Ukongeza, ii-prosthetics zifuna ukutshintshwa amaxesha ngamaxesha.

Izixhobo zokuvalelwa ngaphakathi

Umntwana wakho unokuxhamla kufakelo lwe-cochlear ukuba ukuva kwakhe kuchaphazeleka yintsholongwane. Inqaku lokuncamathisela lifakwe kwithambo ngasemva nangaphezulu kwendlebe.

Emva kokuba unyango luphelile, umntwana wakho uya kufumana iprosesa enokuthi iqhotyoshelwe kule ndawo. Le processor inceda umntwana wakho ukuba eve isandi sokungcangcazela ngokuvuselela imithambo-luvo kwindlebe yangaphakathi.

Izixhobo ezikhuthaza ukungcangcazela kunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni ukuva komntwana wakho. Ezi zinxitywa entlonzeni kwaye ziqhagamshelwe ngemagnethi kwimithambo ebekwe ngotyando. Izinto zokufakelwa zidibanisa kwindlebe ephakathi kwaye zithumele ukungcangcazela ngqo kwindlebe yangaphakathi.

Izixhobo zokumamela ezinokuhlanjululwa zihlala zifuna ukunyangwa okuncinci kwindawo yokumiliselwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni)
• ukonakala kwethambo okanye ukwenzakala
• ukungeva kakuhle
• i-vertigo
• ukuvuza kolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo

Umntwana wakho unokuba semngciphekweni owandayo wokufumana usulelo kulusu olujikeleze indawo yokufakelwa.

Impembelelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Abanye abantwana abazelwe nge-microtia banokufumana ilahleko kwindlebe okanye ngokupheleleyo kwindlebe echaphazelekayo, enokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi. Abantwana abanengxaki yokungeva kakuhle banokuphucula iingxaki zokuthetha njengoko befunda ukuthetha.

Ukudibana kunokuba nzima ngenxa yokulahleka kwendlebe, kodwa kukho iindlela zonyango ezinokunceda. Ukungeva kufuna iseti eyongezelelweyo yokuhlengahlengiswa kwendlela yokuphila kunye nohlengahlengiso, kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu kwaye abantwana ngokubanzi baqhelene kakuhle.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Abantwana abazelwe benayo i-microtia banokukhokelela kubomi obupheleleyo, ngakumbi kunyango olufanelekileyo kunye naluphi na uhlengahlengiso olufunekayo kwindlela yokuphila.

Thetha neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwezonyango malunga neyona ndlela ingcono yokwenza wena okanye umntwana wakho.