Sisondele kangakanani Kunyango lwe-Multiple Sclerosis?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Unyango olutsha oluguqula isifo
• Amayeza ovavanyo
• Izicwangciso eziqhutywa yidatha ukujolisa kunyango
• Inkqubela phambili kuphando lwemfuza
• Izifundo ze-gut microbiome
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Okwangoku akukabikho nyango lwe-multiple sclerosis (MS) okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka idlulileyo, amayeza amatsha afumanekile ukunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokulawula iimpawu zaso.

Abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa unyango olutsha kwaye bafunda ngakumbi malunga nezizathu kunye nemingcipheko yesi sifo.

Funda ukuze ufunde malunga nolunye uphuculo lonyango lwamva nje kunye neendlela ezithembisayo zophando.

Unyango olutsha oluguqula isifo

Unyango oluguqula izifo (i-DMTs) lelona qela liphambili lonyango olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-MS. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uLawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) luphumeze ngaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini le-DMT kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-MS.

Kutshanje, i-FDA ivume:

• I-Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus). Iphatha iindlela zokubuyela umva ze-MS kunye ne-MS ephambili ye-MS (PPMS). Le yeyokuvunywa ukunyanga i-PPMS kwaye kuphela kwayo evunyiweyo kuzo zone iintlobo ze-MS.
• I-Fingolimod (iGilenya). Eli chiza liphatha i-MS yabantwana. Sele ivunyelwe abantu abadala. Ngo-2018, yaba yi-DMT yokuqala ukuba ivunywe.
• Cladribine (iMavenclad). Kuvunyiwe ukunyanga i-MS ebuyisela kwakhona (i-RRMS) kunye ne-MS yesekondari esebenzayo (SPMS).
• ISiponimod (iMayzent). Kuvunyiwe ukunyanga i-RRMS, i-Active SPMS, kunye nesifo esizimeleyo sezonyango (CIS). Kwilingo lesithathu lonyango lwezonyango, linciphise ngokufanelekileyo inqanaba lokuphinda ubuye kubantu abane-Active SPMS. Xa kuthelekiswa nendawo ye-placebo, lisike inqanaba lokuphinda ubuye kwisiqingatha.
• I-Diroximel fumarate (ubungakanani). Eli chiza livunyiwe ukuba liphathe i-RRMS, i-Active SPMS, kunye ne-CIS. Kuyafana ne-dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), i-DMT endala. Nangona kunjalo, ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesisu ezimbalwa.
• I-Ozanimod (iZeposia). Eli chiza livunyiwe ukuba liphathe i-CIS, i-RRMS, kunye ne-SPMS esebenzayo. Yeyona DMT intsha inokongezwa kwintengiso kwaye yayivunyiwe yi-FDA ngo-Matshi 2020.

Ngelixa unyango olutsha luvunyiwe, elinye iyeza lisusiwe kwiishelufa zekhemesti.

Ngo-Matshi 2018, i-daclizumab (iZinbryta) irhoxisiwe kwiimarike kwihlabathi liphela. Eli chiza alisafumaneki ukunyanga i-MS.

Amayeza ovavanyo

Amanye amayeza aliqela asebenza ngendlela yophando. Kwizifundo zamva nje, amanye ala mayeza abonise isithembiso sokunyanga i-MS.

Umzekelo:

• Iziphumo zesigaba esitsha solingo lweklinikhi zibonisa ukuba ibudilast inokunceda ukunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kokukhubazeka kubantu abane-MS. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neli yeza, umenzi uceba ukuqhuba inqanaba lesithathu lonyango.
• Iziphumo zophando oluncinci ezipapashwe ngo-2017 zibonisa ukuba i-clemastine fumarate inokunceda ekubuyiseleni ukhuselo olujikeleze imithambo-luvo kubantu abaneendlela ezibuyela umva ze-MS. Le antihistamine yomlomo ngoku iyafumaneka kwikhawuntara kodwa hayi kwidosi esetyenziswe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uphando olungakumbi luyafuneka ukuze kufundwe izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nomngcipheko wokunyanga i-MS.

Ezi zimbalwa kuphela zonyango ezifundwayo ngoku. Ukufunda malunga nolingo lwangoku kunye nolwexesha elizayo lwe-MS, ndwendwela iClinicalTrials.gov.

Izicwangciso eziqhutywa yidatha ukujolisa kunyango

Enkosi kuphuhliso lwamayeza amatsha e-MS, abantu banenani elikhulayo lokukhetha unyango abanokukhetha kulo.

Ukunceda ekukhokeleni izigqibo zabo, izazinzulu zisebenzisa indawo enkulu yolwazi kunye nohlalutyo lweenkcukacha manani ukuzama ukukhangela ezona ndlela zonyango zibalaseleyo kwizigulana, inika ingxelo iMultiple Sclerosis Association of America.

Ekugqibeleni, olu phando lunokunceda abaguli kunye noogqirha ukuba bafunde ukuba loluphi unyango olunokubasebenzela.

Inkqubela phambili kuphando lwemfuza

Ukuqonda oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko ye-MS, izazinzulu zemfuza kunye nezinye izazinzulu zidibanisa i-genome yomntu ukuze ufumane imikhondo.

Amalungu e-International MS Genetics Consortium achonge ngaphezulu kwama-200 okwahluka kofuzo okunxulunyaniswa ne-MS. Umzekelo, uphononongo lwakutsha nje luchonge iijini ezine ezintsha ezinxulunyaniswa nemeko.

Ekugqibeleni, ukufumanisa okunje kunokunceda oososayensi baphuhlise iindlela ezintsha kunye nezixhobo zokuqikelela, ukuthintela nokunyanga i-MS.

Izifundo ze-gut microbiome

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu ziye zaqala nokufunda ngendima enokuthi idlalwe ziintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane kuphuhliso kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwe-MS. Olu luntu lweebhaktheriya luyaziwa njenge-gut microbiome yethu.

Ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ngapha koko, uninzi lweentsholongwane "ezinobungane" zihlala emizimbeni yethu kwaye zinceda ukulawula amajoni ethu omzimba.

Xa ibhalansi yebhaktiriya emizimbeni yethu icimile, inokubangela ukudumba. Oku kunokuba negalelo kuphuhliso lwezifo ezizimele, kubandakanya iMMS.

Uphando kwi-gut microbiome lunokunceda oososayensi baqonde ukuba kutheni kwaye abantu bayenza njani i-MS. Inokuvula indlela yeendlela ezintsha zonyango, kubandakanya nongenelelo lokutya kunye nolunye unyango.

Ukuthatha

Izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka nokufumana ukuqonda okutsha kwimiba yomngcipheko kunye nezizathu ze-MS kunye neendlela ezinokubakho zonyango.

Amayeza amatsha avunyiwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Abanye babonakalise ukuthembisa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ezi nkqubela phambili zinceda ukuphucula impilo kunye nentlalontle yabantu abaninzi abaphila nale meko ngelixa beqinisa ithemba kunyango olunokubakho.