Umlutha weNicotine: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Iziphumo zokulutha inicotine
• Unobangela wokulutha inicotine
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Iimpawu zokulutha inicotine
• Kufunyaniswa njani
• Iphathwa njani
• Amayeza
• Amaqela enkxaso
• Unonophelo lwasekhaya
• Unyango olulolunye nolwendalo
• Iziphumo zokurhoxiswa kwenicotine
• Imbonakalo ye-nicotine yeziyobisi

Yintoni umlutha wenicotine?

Inikotini yimichiza elikhoboka kakhulu efumaneka kwisityalo secuba. Umlutha ungokwasemzimbeni, oko kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo beza kunqwenela imichiza, kunye nengqondo, okuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi bayazifuna iziphumo zenicotine. Umlutha weNicotine ukwindlela yokuziphatha. Abantu baxhomekeke kwizenzo ezichaphazelekayo ekusebenziseni icuba. Baye bakuqhele ukutshaya icuba kwiimeko ezithile, ezinje emva kokutya okanye xa bephantsi koxinzelelo.

Inikotini ubukhulu becala ityiwa kukusezela umsi wecuba lakho. Ezinye iindlela zokutshaya icuba zibandakanya imibhobho kunye neecuba. Icuba elingenamsi litsalelwa ngeempumlo njengomgubo okanye ligcinwe emlonyeni.

Icuba liyingozi. Ngokutsho, izifo ezinxulumene nokutshaya zinoxanduva lokufa kwabantu abangama-435,000 ngonyaka e-United States. Yimalunga nomntu omnye kwaba-5 abafayo eUnited States. Ukuyeka ukutshaya, nokuba sele utshayile ixesha elingakanani, kunokunceda kakhulu impilo yakho.

Iziphumo zokulutha inicotine

Inikotini idala iimvakalelo ezintle emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Xa usebenzisa icuba, ingqondo yakho ikhupha ii-neurotransmitters ezifana ne-dopamine, imichiza yokuziva ulungile. Oku kudala imvakalelo emfutshane yokwoneliseka kunye nolonwabo.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwenikotini, imidiza yecuba kunye necuba elingenamsi zinezinto ezininzi ezibangela umhlaza kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziyingozi. Imichiza ephantse ibe ngama-4,000 efumaneka kwicuba ineziphumo zomzimba, zengqondo nezengqondo. Sebenzisa icuba kukhokelela kubunzima bempilo, kubandakanya:

• umhlaza wemiphunga
• emphysema
• i-bronchitis engapheliyo
• umhlaza, ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokuphefumla
• Ileukemia
• isifo sentliziyo
• ukubetha
• isifo seswekile
• Imiba yamehlo, efana nokuqaqamba kwamehlo kunye nokwehla kwemacular
• ukungachumi
• ukungabi namandla
• ukuphuma kwesisu kunye neengxaki zokukhulelwa
• buthathaka amajoni omzimba
• Ingqele, umkhuhlane kunye nosulelo lokuphefumla
• Ukuphelelwa kukungcamla okanye ukunuka
• isifo seentsini kunye nemiba yamazinyo
• ukubonakala kokuguga ngaphambi kwexesha
• isifo sesilonda
• osteoporosis

Umsi otshaywa ngabantu abawusebenzisayo nawo unyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesifo sentliziyo kubantu abasondele kubantu abatshayayo. Ngokutsho kwabantwana, abantwana abahlala kumakhaya anomsi otshayayo banakho ukuba:

• ngesiquphe ukusweleka kweentsana
• umbefu
• izifo zokuphefumla
• usulelo lwendlebe
• nezinye izifo

Unobangela wokulutha inicotine

Ukutshaya icuba okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba kubangela ukuba likhoboka le-nicotine. I-Nicotine ikwenza umlutha kakhulu, ngoko ke nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunokubangela ukuxhomekeka.

Kungenzeka kwimveliso yokuyeka ukutshaya, njenge-nicotine gum, i-lozenges, okanye i-patches, ukudala umlutha we-nicotine. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko uphantsi. Kungenxa yokuba inani le-nicotine kwezi mveliso lisezantsi kwaye lihanjiswa ngokucotha ngakumbi kunenicotine ekucuba.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Nabani na osebenzisa icuba usemngciphekweni wokuba likhoboka. Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukubakho kweziyobisi kukuphepha ukutshaya.

Ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka. Umzekelo, abantu abanembali yosapho yokulutha i-nicotine kunye nabantu abakhulele kumakhaya anabasebenzisi becuba kunokwenzeka ukuba baqale ukutshaya kwaye baphuhle umlutha.

Kananjalo, abantu abaqala ukutshaya besebancinci kunokwenzeka ukuba batshaye babe ngabantu abadala. Omnye uphawula ukuba ama-80% abantu abatshayayo aqala ukutshaya eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Ukuqala ukutshaya ulutsha kuthambekele ekwandiseni ukuxhomekeka kamva ebomini. Akuqhelekanga kubantu abadala ukuba baqale ukutshaya okanye bahlakulele umlutha, ngokwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine.

Abantu abasebenzisa kakubi utywala okanye iziyobisi okanye abagula ngengqondo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuxhomekeka kunikotini.

Iimpawu zokulutha inicotine

Iimpawu zokulutha inicotine zibandakanya:

• ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba
• Iimpawu zokurhoxa xa ukusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine kuyeka
• umnqweno wokuqhubeka nokutshaya kwanaxa kuvela iingxaki zempilo
• Ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zecuba nokuba zichaphazela kakubi ubomi bakho

Kufunyaniswa njani

Ukufumanisa ukuba ulikhoboka le-nicotine, ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngokusetyenziswa kwakho kunye nembali yezempilo. Uya kumisela inqanaba lokuxhomekeka kwakho kwaye acebise ngeendlela zokhetho.

Abantu abafuna ukufuna unyango lweziyobisi kuya kufuneka bazinikele ekumiseni.

Iphathwa njani

Inxalenye ebonakalayo yomlutha kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ekujonganeni nayo. Ukuze aphumelele, umntu kufuneka asebenze ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kunye neendlela. Zininzi iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwe-nicotine, kubandakanya amayeza kagqirha, unyango lwe-nicotine, kunye namaqela enkxaso.

Amayeza

Amanye amayeza anokukunceda uyeke ukutshaya. Basebenza ukunciphisa iminqweno. Olunye ukhetho kukunyanga ukutshintshwa kwe-nicotine ngokusebenzisa iipatches, iintsini, i-lozenges, i-nasal sprays, okanye i-inhalers. Olu khetho lubonelela nge-nicotine ngaphandle kweminye imichiza efumaneka kwicuba. Bayakuvumela ukuba woyise umlutha ngendlela ecothayo kunye nendlela.

Izinketho ezingezizo ze-nicotine zibandakanya i-antidepressants. Oku kusebenza ukwandisa imveliso ye-dopamine ukuphucula imeko yakho.

Amaqela enkxaso

Nokuba ukhetha iqela lenkxaso lomntu okanye elilelakhe, amaqela enkxaso anokukufundisa ngezakhono zokumelana, akuncede usebenze ngesiyobisi sakho, kwaye akunike ubudlelwane nabanye abantu abajamelene nemiceli mngeni efanayo neyakho.

Unonophelo lwasekhaya

Unyango lweziyobisi ze-nicotine lujolise ikakhulu kunyango kunye nokuthatha ixesha lokusebenza ngeempawu zokurhoxa kunye nokufunda izakhono zokulwa. Zama ezi ngcebiso ukwenza ukuba utshintsho lwakho lube kude kunicotine ngokulula:

• Yenza umthambo rhoqo.
• Khetha ukutya okulula okugcina umlomo nezandla zixakekile.
• Susa zonke iimveliso zecuba ekhayeni lakho nasemotweni.
• Ziphephe iimeko ezinokubangela ukuba uphinde ubuye, kubandakanya nokuba phakathi kwabanye abantu abatshayayo.
• Khetha izidlo ezisempilweni.
• Beka ulindelo olusengqiqweni ngonyango lwakho.
• Cwangcisa iinjongo ezincinci kwaye uzivuyele ngokudibana nezo njongo.

Unyango olulolunye nolwendalo

Ezinye izisombululo ezinokukunceda woyise umlutha wakho zibandakanya:

• ngomlingo
• ukutshiza
• imifuno
• iioyile ezifanelekileyo

Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwendlela nganye ayaziwa.

Iziphumo zokurhoxiswa kwenicotine

Abasebenzisi becuba abakhobokisayo abayekayo ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecicotine baya kujongana nokurhoxa. Iziphumo zokurhoxiswa kwenicotine zibandakanya ukungakhathali, unxunguphalo, kunye neempawu zomzimba, ezinjengeentloko kunye nokudinwa.

Iveki yokuqala iya kuba yeyona nto imbi kakhulu kwiimpawu zokurhoxa, kodwa usuku ngalunye oludlulayo luya kuba lula. Nokuba iimpawu zokurhoxa sele zidambile, nangona kunjalo, iminqweno yequbuliso ixhaphakile. Uqeqesho lokufunda lubalulekile kwezi meko.

Imbonakalo ye-nicotine yeziyobisi

Abantu abasebenzisa iimveliso ze-nicotine basemngciphekweni omkhulu wezifo zokuphefumla, umhlaza (ngakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga), ukubetha, kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubude kangakanani ukutshaya, unokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ngokuyeka.