Uninzi lwezifo ezingasasazekiyo

Umxholo

• Zeziphi ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezingasuleliyo?
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Umhlaza
• Izifo zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo
• Seswekile
• Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezingasuleliyo
• Umgca wezantsi

Yintoni isifo esingasuleliyo?

Isifo esingasuleliyo yimeko yempilo engosuleliyo engenako ukusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu uye komnye. Ikwahlala ixesha elide. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba sisifo esingapheliyo.

Ukudityaniswa kwemfuza, komzimba, indlela yokuphila, kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo kunokubangela ezi zifo. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Ukutya okungenampilo
• ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yomzimba
• ukutshaya nokutshaya
• Ukusela kakhulu utywala

Izifo ezingasuleliyo zibulala unyaka nonyaka. Oku kumalunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zabo bonke abaswelekileyo emhlabeni jikelele.

Izifo ezingasuleliyo zichaphazela abantu abakubudala bonke, iinkolo kunye namazwe.

Izifo ezingasuleliyo zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ukusweleka minyaka le kwezifo ezingasuleliyo kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-69.

Okungaphezulu koku kusweleka kwenzeka kumazwe anengeniso esezantsi kunye nephakathi nakwimimandla esesichengeni apho ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo kuthintelwa.

Zeziphi ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezingasuleliyo?

Ezinye izifo ezingasuleliyo zixhaphake kakhulu kunezinye. Iintlobo ezine eziphambili zezifo ezingasuleliyo zibandakanya isifo sentliziyo, umhlaza, isifo esinganyangekiyo sokuphefumla kunye neswekile.

Isifo sentliziyo

Ukutya okungalunganga kunye nokungasebenzi komzimba kunokubangela ukwanda:

• ifuthe legazi
• iswekile yegazi
• lipids yegazi
• ukutyeba kakhulu

Ezi meko zonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo. Abanye abantu bazalwa benayo (imfuza ebekelwe ukuba babe nayo) iimeko ezithile zentliziyo.

Isifo sentliziyo sisona sizathu siphambili sokufa kwezifo ezingasuleliyo. Ezinye zeemeko ezingasasazekiyo zesifo sentliziyo kunye nezifo zibandakanya:

• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• ukubetha
• isifo semithambo
• isifo se-cerebrovascular
• isifo se-arteripheral isifo (PAD)
• isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe
• I-vein thrombosis enzulu kunye ne-pulmonary embolism

Umhlaza

Umhlaza uchaphazela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, iimeko zentlalo noqoqosho, isini kunye nobuhlanga. Sisifo esingasuleliyo esifayo kwihlabathi jikelele.

Eminye imihlaza ayinakuphetshwa ngenxa yomngcipheko wemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uqikelela ukuba umhlaza unokuthintelwa ngokwamkelwa kwendlela yokuphila esempilweni.

Amanyathelo aphambili okuthintela izifo abandakanya:

• ukunqanda icuba
• ukunciphisa utywala
• ukugonyelwa izifo ezibanga umhlaza

Ngo-2015, phantse, kwabangelwa ngumhlaza.

Esona sifo somhlaza siqhelekileyo emadodeni kwihlabathi liphela kubandakanya:

• umphunga
• isibindi
• isisu
• umbala
• iprostate

Ukufa komhlaza oqhelekileyo kwabasetyhini emhlabeni jikelele kubandakanya:

• isifuba
• umphunga
• umbala
• yomlomo wesibeleko
• isisu

Izifo zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo

Izifo zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo zizifo ezichaphazela i-airways kunye nemiphunga. Ezinye zezi zifo zinemfuza.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izizathu zibandakanya iindlela zokuphila ezinje ngokutshaya kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo njengokuchaphazeleka kongcoliseko lomoya, umgangatho omoya ombi, kunye nokungena komoya kakuhle.

Ngelixa ezi zifo zinganyangeki, zinokulawulwa ngonyango. Izifo eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumula zibandakanya:

• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• umbefu
• izifo zemiphunga emsebenzini, ezinje ngemiphunga emnyama
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga
• icystic fibrosis

Seswekile

Isifo seswekile senzeka xa umzimba ungakwazi ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo i-insulin, ihomoni elawula iswekile yegazi (iswekile). Inokwenzeka kwakhona xa umzimba ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo i-insulin evelisayo.

Ezinye iziphumo zesifo seswekile zibandakanya isifo sentliziyo, ukulahleka kombono kunye nokulimala kwezintso. Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazi awalawulwa, isifo seswekile sinokonakalisa kakhulu amanye amalungu kunye neenkqubo emzimbeni ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zesifo seswekile:

• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile uhlala efunyaniswe ebuntwaneni okanye ebudaleni. Sisiphumo sokungasebenzi komzimba.
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile ihlala ifunyanwa ebudaleni. Ngokwesiqhelo sisiphumo sokutya okungalunganga, ukungasebenzi, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphila kunye nemeko zokusingqongileyo.

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile zibandakanya:

• isifo seswekile, ebangela iswekile yegazi ephezulu kwiipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-8 zabafazi abakhulelweyo eUnited States
• kwisifo seswekile, imeko echazwe ngamanqanaba eswekile egazi aphezulu-kunesiqhelo akhokelela kumngcipheko omkhulu wokukhulisa uhlobo lweswekile yesi-2 kungekudala.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezingasuleliyo

Ezinye izifo ezingasuleliyo ezichaphazela abantu kwihlabathi liphela zibandakanya:

1. Isifo se-Alzheimer
2. i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaLou Gehrig)
3. isifo samathambo
4. Ingxaki yokungahambi kakuhle (ADHD)
5. Ingxaki ye-autism spectrum (ASD)
6. Ukukhubazeka kweBell
7. ukuxhuzula
8. iziphene zokuzalwa
9. umvakalelo yokitazo
10. isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
11. iintlungu ezingapheliyo
12. pancreatitis ezingapheliyo
13. i-encephalopathy engapheliyo (CTE)
14. ukuphazamiseka / ukuphuma kwegazi
15. ukulahleka kwendlebe
16. Cooley's anemia (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-beta thalassemia)
17. Isifo sikaCrohn
18. ukudakumba
19. Isifo esiphantsi
20. onokhwekhwe
21. ukuxhuzula
22. utywala obuseluswini
23. ifibromyalgia
24. buthathaka X isifo (FXS)
25. hemochromatosis
26. haemophilia
27. isifo sesisu esivuthayo (IBD)
28. ukuphuthelwa
29. i-jaundice kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa
30. isifo sezintso
31. kukhokelela kwityhefu
32. isifo sesibindi
33. muscular dystrophy (MD)
34. i-myalgic encephalomyelitis / isifo sokudinwa okungapheliyo (ME / CFS)
35. i-myelomeningocele (uhlobo lwespina bifida)
36. ukutyeba kakhulu
37. thrombocythemia ephambili
38. Psoriasis
39. ingxaki yokuthimba
40. I-sickle cell anemia
41. iingxaki zokulala
42. uxinzelelo
43. Inkqubo ye-lupus erythematosus (ekwabizwa ngokuba lupus)
44. i-systemic sclerosis (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-scleroderma)
45. Ingxaki ye-temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
46. Isifo seTourette (TS)
47. ukwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu (i-TBI)
48. ukudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi
49. ukungaboni kakuhle
50. Isifo se-von Willebrand (VWD)

Umgca wezantsi

Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uchonga izifo ezingasuleliyo njengeyona nto iphambili kwezempilo noluntu oluphambili lokufa kwabantu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ubungozi obuninzi bezifo ezingasuleliyo bunokuthintelwa. Ezi zinto zibeka emngciphekweni zibandakanya:

• ukungasebenzi
• ukusetyenziswa kwecuba
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala
• ukutya okungenampilo (okunamafutha aphezulu, iswekile esetyenziweyo, kunye nesodium, kunye nokutya okuncinci kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno)

Iimeko ezithile, ezibizwa ngokuba yimingcipheko yomngcipheko, zingakhokelela kwisifo se-metabolic syndrome. I-Metabolic syndrome inxulunyaniswa nesifo sentliziyo kunye neswekile. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi: I-130/85 millimeters ye-mercury (mm Hg) okanye ngaphezulu kwinani okanye zombini
• I-HDL ("cholesterol elungileyo"): ngaphantsi kweemiligram ezingama-40 ngedesilitha nganye (mg / dL) emadodeni; ngaphantsi kwe-50 mg / dL kwabasetyhini
• triglycerides: I-150 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu
• ukuzila amanqanaba eglucose egazini: 100 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu
• ubungakanani esinqeni: ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-35 kwabasetyhini; ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-40 emadodeni

Umntu onale mingcipheko kufuneka ajongane nabo ngonyango kunye nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhula kwesifo esingasuleliyo.

Izinto ezinobungozi umntu angenakuzitshintsha zibandakanya ubudala, isini, ubuhlanga, kunye nembali yosapho.

Ngelixa izifo ezingasasazekiyo ziimeko zexesha elide ezinokuthi zinciphise iminyaka yokuphila komntu, zinokulawulwa ngonyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo esingasuleliyo, kubalulekile ukuba ubambelele kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala usempilweni kangangoko.