Malunga nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo babafundi

Umxholo

• Umndilili wobungakanani bomfundi
• Impendulo yendawo yokuhlala
• Yintoni abafundi?
• Ubungakanani bomfundi kunye nempilo yakho kunye neemvakalelo
• Iimeko zempilo, ukonzakala kunye nezifo
• Ingxubusho
• Anisocoria
• Intloko yentloko
• Iritis
• Isifo sikaHorner
• Amayeza
• Iimvakalelo
• Ukuthatha

Umndilili wobungakanani bomfundi

Siza kujonga ukuba kutheni kwaye kutheni abafundi bakho betshintsha ubungakanani. Kuqala, uluhlu "lwesayizi" yabafundi, okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, yintoni umndilili.

Abafundi bathambekele ekubeni bakhulu (banciphise) kwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya. Oku kuvumela ukukhanya ngakumbi emehlweni, kwenze kube lula ukubona. Xa kukho ukukhanya okukhulu okukhanyayo, abafundi bakho baya kuba bancinci (banciphise).

Umfundi oxutywe ngokupheleleyo ukwimilimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8 ngokobukhulu, ngelixa umfundi enyinyithekileyo ekuoluhlu lwe-2 ukuya kwi-4 mm.

NgokweAmerican Academy yeOphthalmology, abafundi ngokubanzi bahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-8 mm.

Impendulo yendawo yokuhlala

Ubungakanani babafundi nabo buyatshintsha ngokusekwe ekubeni ujonge into ekufutshane okanye ekude. Xa ujolise kwinto ekufutshane, abafundi bakho baba mncinci. Xa into ikude, abafundi bakho bandisa.

Ubungakanani babafundi bakho ayisiyonto onokuyilawula ngengqondo. Kwaye ukuba une-dilated pupil, ngekhe uzive (nangona abanye abantu besithi baziva beqiniswa emehlweni).

Amathuba kukuba uza kuqaphela kuqala ziinguqu kumbono wakho. Abafundi abaqaqambileyo bathambekele ekubuthatheni ukukhanya okukhanyayo, njengokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye kunokubangela ukungaboni kakuhle. Ukuba wakha wabavusa abafundi bakho ngamathontsi ngexesha lotyelelo kugqirha wamehlo, uyazi imvakalelo.

Yintoni abafundi?

Abafundi liziko elimnyama leliso. Umsebenzi wabo kukuvumela ukukhanya kwaye kugxile kwi-retina (iiseli zemithambo-luvo ngasemva kweliso) ukuze ubone. Imisipha ebekwe kwi-iris yakho (icandelo elinombala wamehlo akho) lawula umfundi ngamnye.

Ngelixa abafundi bakho ababini bahlala benobukhulu obulinganayo, ubungakanani babafundi ngokubanzi bunokutshintsha. Izinto ezibangela ukuba abafundi bakho babe bakhulu okanye zincinci zilula (okanye ukunqongophala kwayo), amayeza athile kunye nezifo, nokuba unomdla kangakanani engqondweni okanye ukurhafisa xa ufumana into.

Ubungakanani bomfundi kunye nempilo yakho kunye neemvakalelo

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela ubungakanani bomfundi, kwaye ayizizo zonke ezinento yokwenza nokukhanya kunye nomgama. Ezinye zezinye izinto zibandakanya:

• impilo yakho
• amayeza kunye neziyobisi
• iimvakalelo zakho

Iimeko zempilo, ukonzakala kunye nezifo

Ingxubusho

Ingxubusho kukulimala kwengqondo okuvela kwingqondo kubetha ukakayi lukhuni ngexesha lokuwa, ukubetha entloko, okanye ifuthe elikhawulezayo elibandakanya umzimba uphela. Olunye uphawu lukhulu kunabafundi abaqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, omnye umfundi unokuba mkhulu kwaye omnye umncinci (asymmetrical).

Anisocoria

I-Anisocoria yimeko apho omnye umfundi ebanzi kunomnye. Ngelixa inokuba yinto eyenzeka ngokwendalo, echaphazela malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu, inokubonisa ingxaki yengxaki okanye usulelo.

Intloko yentloko

Le yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ehlala ichaphazela icala elinye lobuso, ngqo emva kwamehlo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, yenzeka ngokwamaqela (ngamanye amaxesha ubuninzi beentloko ezisibhozo ngosuku), kwaye emva koko inyamalale iiveki okanye iinyanga ngexesha.

Kuba olu hlobo lwentloko luchaphazela imithambo-luvo ebusweni, umfundi kwicala elichaphazelekayo unokuba mncinci ngokungaqhelekanga (obizwa ngokuba yi-miosis) ngexesha lentloko.

Iritis

Oku kukukrala kwiris yamehlo okunokubangelwa kukosuleleka, ukwenzakala, kunye nezifo ezizimele (izifo apho umzimba wakho uhlasela amajoni omzimba).

Kuba iris ilawula umfundi, akuqhelekanga ukubona abafundi abenziwe ngokungaqhelekanga kwimeko ye-iritis. Ngokophando olwenziwe, umfundi mncinci ngokwesiqhelo kunesiqhelo.

Isifo sikaHorner

I-Horner's syndrome yimeko eyenzekayo xa iindlela zemithambo-luvo ezisuka kwingqondo ziye ebusweni ziye zenzakala. Oko kwenzakala kunokubangela ukuba abafundi babe bancinci. Ezinye zezizathu zibandakanya:

• ukubetha
• umothuko
• amathumba
• imihlaza ethile

Isifo sika-Horner sinokuvela ukuba wenzakele kwimithambo ye-carotid (imithambo yegazi entanyeni ephethe igazi kunye neoksijini ebusweni nasengqondweni) okanye umthambo wejugular (umthambo entanyeni ohambisa igazi kwingqondo nasebusweni buyela entliziyweni).

Amayeza

Ezinye iziyobisi zinokubathambisa abafundi ngelixa ezinye zibanyanzela. Ezinye iziyobisi ezichaphazela ubungakanani bomfundi zibandakanya:

• I-Anticholinergics. La ngamachiza aqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukunyanga into efana nesinyi egqithisileyo, isifo sika-Parkinson, urhudo okanye isisu. NgokweZiko leLiso leKellogg kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan, banokubathambisa abafundi kancinci.
• Ukuhlala, kubandakanya utywala kunye ne-antihistamines. Kwi-2006 enye encinci, i-antihistamine diphenhydramine yabangela ukuba abafundi babe bancinci.
• Ivula. La ngamachiza anamandla asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu. Zombini ii-opioid ezisemthethweni (njengemiyalelo yonyango i-oxycodone) kunye nokungekho semthethweni (i-heroin) zinokubathintela abafundi.

Iimvakalelo

Iinxalenye zobuchopho ezisinceda ukuba sizive kwaye sichaze iimvakalelo kunye nokugxila kwengqondo kunokwenza abafundi bande.

• Olunye uphando oluncinci luka-2003 lwabonisa ukuba xa abantu bemamele izandi ezivakala ngokweemvakalelo (umntwana ehleka okanye elila) xa kuthelekiswa nezandi ezazithathwa njengezingathathi cala (isandi esiqhelekileyo seofisi), abafundi babo baba bakhulu.
• Xa ujonga abanye ngabafundi abahluziweyo, abafundi bakho badla ngokwanda. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngu "" kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke xa ujonga umntu omthembileyo okanye owaziwa nguwe.
• Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba xa kufuneka sicinge nzima kakhulu kuba umsebenzi unzima okanye mtsha kuthi, abafundi bethu bayajiya-kwaye okukhona kunzima umsebenzi, kokukhona baya besiba banzi.

Ndwendwela ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona utshintsho kubungakanani bomfundi wakho olungahambelaniyo nokukhanya kunye nokujonga umgama okanye ukuba unalo naluphi na utshintsho okanye iingxaki ngombono wakho.

Kukangaphi ufumana umbono wakho ujongiwe kuxhomekeke kubudala bakho nakwizinto ezithile zempilo. Kodwa xa iyonke, uninzi lwabantu abadala kufuneka luhlolisise umbono wabo rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa.

Ukuthatha

Uninzi lwabantu lunabafundi abazimilimitha nje ezimbalwa ububanzi kunye nolingano (oko kuthetha ukuba omabini amehlo anomfundi ofanayo). I-subset encinci, nangona kunjalo, ngokwendalo umfundi omnye umkhulu kunomnye. Kodwa abafundi abami ndawonye.

Phantsi kweemeko ezithile-kubandakanya ezo zingqongileyo, ezengqondo kunye nezonyango-kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abafundi bakho batshintshe ubungakanani, bancinci okanye bancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Udinga abafundi abasempilweni ukuze ubone kakuhle.