Dysarthria: yintoni na, iintlobo kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Indlela yokuchonga
• Iindidi zedysarthria
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Dysarthria sisifo sokuthetha, esidla ngokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo, njenge-stroke, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, isifo sika-Parkinson, i-myasthenia gravis okanye i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, umzekelo.

Umntu one-dysarthria akakwazi ukuwachaza kwaye awabize kakuhle amagama ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkqubo enoxanduva lokuthetha, kubandakanya izihlunu zomlomo, ulwimi, ingqula okanye imithambo yezwi, enokubangela ubunzima kunxibelelwano nakwindawo yokuhlala yodwa.

Ukunyanga i-dysarthria, kubalulekile ukwenza umthambo wokunyanga kwaye ulandele kunye nonyango lokuthetha, njengendlela yokusebenzisa ulwimi kunye nokuphucula izandi ezikhutshiweyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha achonge kwaye aphathe oko kubangele olu tshintsho.

Indlela yokuchonga

Kwi-dysarthria kukho utshintsho kwimveliso yamagama, kubenzima ekushukumiseni ulwimi okanye izihlunu zobuso, ukuvelisa iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinje ngentetho ecothayo, edikiweyo okanye etyiweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, intetho inokukhawuleziswa okanye ibanjwe, kanye njengokuba isenokuba sezantsi kakhulu okanye isebe.

Ukongeza, i-dysarthria inokuhamba kunye nolunye utshintsho lwe-neurological, njenge-dysphagia, ekunzima ukugwinya ukutya, i-dyslalia, olutshintsho ekubizeni amagama, okanye nakwi-aphasia, olutshintsho ekubonakaliseni okanye ekuqondeni ulwimi. Qonda ukuba yintoni idyslalia kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.

Iindidi zedysarthria

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedysarthria, kunye neempawu zazo ezinokwahluka ngokwendawo kunye nobungakanani besilonda semithambo-luvo okanye isifo esibangela ingxaki. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zibandakanya:

• I-Flaccid dysarthria: Yidysarthria ethi, ngokubanzi, ivelise ilizwi elirhabaxa, elinamandla amancinci, impumlo kunye nokukhupha ngokungangqinelaniyo kwamaqabane. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwizifo ezibangela umonakalo kwi-motor neuron engezantsi, njenge-myasthenia gravis okanye i-bulbar ukukhubazeka, umzekelo;
• I-Spar dysarthria: ikwathanda ukuxhokonxa ilizwi elineempumlo, elinamaqabane angachanekanga, ukongeza kwizikhamiso ezigqwethekileyo, ukuvelisa ixesha elikhohlakeleyo kunye nelizwi "elikrwitshiweyo". Inokuhamba kunye nokuqaqamba kunye nokuqaqamba okungaqhelekanga kwezihlunu zobuso. Ukuxhaphaka kokulimala kwimithambo-luvo ephezulu yemoto, njengokulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu;
• I-Ataxic dysarthria: Le dysarthria inokubangela ilizwi elirhabaxa, ngokwahluka kwemvakalo yelizwi, ngentetho ecothayo kunye nokungcangcazela kwimilebe nolwimi. Uyayikhumbula intetho yomntu onxilileyo. Ihlala ivela kwiimeko apho kukho ukwenzakala okunxulumene nommandla we-cerebellum;
• I-Hypokinetic dysarthria: kukho ilizwi elirhawuzelelayo, eliphefumlayo nelingcangcazelayo, nokungachani kwilunga, kwaye kukwakho notshintsho kwisantya sokuthetha nakukungcangcazela komlomo nolwimi. Inokwenzeka kwizifo ezibangela utshintsho kwingingqi yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-basal ganglia, exhaphake kakhulu kwisifo sika-Parkinson;
• I-Hyperkinetic dysarthria: kukho ukugqwetha ekuchazeni izikhamiso, kubangela ilizwi elirhabaxa kunye nokuphazamiseka ekuchazeni amagama. Kungenzeka kwimeko yokulimala kwinkqubo ye-extrapyramidal nervous, rhoqo kwiimeko ze-chorea okanye i-dystonia, umzekelo.
• Umxube wedysarthria: izisa utshintsho kuhlobo olungaphezulu kolunye lwe-dysarthria, kwaye inokwenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi, ezinje nge-multiple sclerosis, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis okanye ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, umzekelo.

Ukuchonga unobangela we-dysarthria, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo uya kuvavanya iimpawu, uvavanyo lomzimba, kunye noku-odola iimvavanyo ezinje ngecomputer tomography, imaging resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, lumbar puncture kunye neuropsychological Study, umzekelo, ezifumana olona tshintsho luphambili okanye olo lubangela Olu tshintsho kwintetho.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobukrakra besifo sedysarthria, kwaye ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando ukulungisa utshintsho lwe-anatomiki okanye ukususa ithumba, okanye ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ukunciphisa iimpawu, njengakwimeko yesifo sikaParkinson, umzekelo.

Nangona kunjalo, olona hlobo lokunyanga lwenziwa ngonyango lokubuyisela imeko esiqhelweni, ngeendlela zokunyanga intetho, ukuphucula ukukhutshwa kwelizwi, ukulawula ubungqongqo, ukuwachaza ngcono amagama, ukusebenzisa umoya okanye inkqubo yezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano. Ukuzilolonga ngokwasemzimbeni kukwabaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukuhamba komdibaniso womhlathi kunye nokunceda ukomeleza izihlunu zobuso.